Independent association between air pollutants and vitamin D deficiency in young children in Isfahan, Iran

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an under-recognized cause of motor delays in infants and young children. Retrospective chart review identified 17 infants, 11 boys and 6 girls, aged between 7 and 27 months with motor delays attributable to vitamin D deficiency. Diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency was made on the basis of clinical, radiological, and biochemical findings. Presenting symptoms were delay in motor milestones in 14 and hypocalcemic seizures in 3. On physical examination, clinical signs of rickets were present in all. Neurological examination displayed hypotonia with retained tendon reflexes. Thirteen and ten infants, respectively, underwent radiographical and biochemical investigations, and all had abnormalities consistent with rickets. All infants were treated with 6,00,000 IU of vitamin D. Four infants were lost to follow-up. Rapid recovery of motor development was observed in remaining 13 infants. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of motor delays in infants and young children.

Download Full-text

Are There Hallmarks of Child Abuse? I. Osseous Injuries

Academic Forensic Pathology ◽

10.23907/2016.056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 568-590

Author(s):

Alfredo Walker ◽

Charis Kepron ◽

Christopher M. Milroy

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Young Children ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Bone Disease ◽

Metabolic Bone Disease ◽

Rib Fractures ◽

Metabolic Bone ◽

Deficiency Rickets ◽

Metaphyseal Fractures

Fractures are commonly found in cases regarded as child abuse. The most commonly encountered fractures are to the ribs and the metaphyses. This paper examines the specificity of the classical metaphyseal lesion (CML) and rib fractures as hallmarks of child abuse. Recently, vitamin D deficiency (rickets) has been proposed as an alternative cause for the appearances typically described in CML. The literature in this area is examined. Rib fractures have also been highly associated with child abuse, particularly posterior rib fractures. As well as metabolic bone disease, resuscitation has been examined as a cause of rib fractures in young children. The current literature remains strongly supportive of rib fractures and metaphyseal fractures being indicators of child abuse.

Download Full-text

Vitamin D Status among Young Children Aged 6 to 23 Months from 4 Different Ethnic Groups in Yunnan, China

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572118765825 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 260-265

Author(s):

Yanhong Li ◽

Yan Li ◽

Xian Zhang ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Liqin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Young Children ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Significant Difference ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Mean ◽

Venous Blood Sampling

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in 6- to 23-month-old children from 4 different ethnic groups, Han, Lisu, Hani, and Bai, in Yunnan Province of China. Methods: A large cohort of 938 young children aged 6 to 23 months who were living in Yunnan, China (23°28′-27°52′ N), were selected and recruited in this study. Venous-blood sampling was conducted in all the participants, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured. The children’s physical status was measured. Results: General mean serum 25(OH)D level was 21.46 ± 7.95 ng/mL, which was obtained from a total of 938 cases. No significant difference was found in age, gender, height, and weight of participants from different ethnic groups. The mean 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in children of Lisu ethnic groups compared with that of Han and Hani participants, respectively ( P < .05). In addition, Bai children had lower 25(OH)D content than Hani children ( P < .001). Among the children with 25(OH)D sufficiency, the number of Lisu participants was significantly lower than Han children ( P < .001). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied among the ethnically different children in Yunnan, China, and significantly fewer Lisu children maintained vitamin D sufficiency compared with other ethnic children. Recognizing these ethnic differences in treating children with vitamin D deficiency may improve the therapeutic outcome.

Download Full-text

Comparison of 300,000 and 600,000 IU Oral Vitamin-D Bolus for Vitamin-D Deficiency in Young Children

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s12098-016-2233-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jiyalal Harnot ◽

Sanjay Verma ◽

Sunit Singhi ◽

Naveen Sankhyan ◽

Naresh Sachdeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Young Children ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Oral Vitamin

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Determinants of QuantiFERON-Diagnosed Tuberculosis Infection in 9810 Mongolian Schoolchildren

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciy975 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 813-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Davaasambuu Ganmaa ◽

Polyna Khudyakov ◽

Uyanga Buyanjargal ◽

Badamtsetseg Jargalsaikhan ◽

Delgerekh Baigal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Independent Association

Abstract Background There is controversy regarding the potential influence of vitamin D deficiency, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, BCG vaccination, season, and body habitus on susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify determinants of a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) assay result in children aged 6–13 years attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Data relating to potential risk factors for MTB infection were collected by questionnaire, physical examination, and determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for modifiable risk factors identified. Results Nine hundred forty-six of 9810 (9.6%) participants had a positive QFT result. QFT positivity was independently associated with household exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (adjusted RR [aRR], 4.75 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.13–5.46, P < .001]; PAF, 13.1% [95% CI, 11.1%–15.0%]), vitamin D deficiency (aRR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.08–1.40], P = .002; PAF, 5.7% [95% CI, 1.9%–9.3%]), exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (1 indoor smoker, aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.04–1.35]; ≥2 indoor smokers, aRR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.02–1.64]; P for trend = .006; PAF, 7.2% [95% CI, 2.2%–12.0%]), and increasing age (aRR per additional year, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.10–1.19], P < .001). No statistically significant independent association was seen for presence of a BCG scar, season of sampling, or body mass index. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are potentially modifiable risk factors for MTB infection.

Download Full-text