Uninfected erythrocytes inhibit Plasmodium falciparum–induced cellular immune responses in whole-blood assays

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 3084-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siske S. Struik ◽  
Fakhreldin M. Omer ◽  
Katerina Artavanis-Tsakonas ◽  
Eleanor M. Riley
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Whole-blood assays (WBAs) have been successfully used as a simple tool for immuno-epidemiological field studies evaluating cellular immune responses to mycobacterial and viral antigens. Rather unexpectedly, we found very poor cytokine responses to malaria antigens in WBAs in 2 immuno-epidemiological studies carried out in malaria endemic populations in Africa. We have therefore conducted a detailed comparison of cellular immune responses to live (intact) and lysed malaria-infected erythrocytes in WBAs and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. We observed profound inhibition of both proliferative and interferon-γ responses to malarial antigens in WBAs as compared with PBMC cultures. This inhibition was seen only for malaria antigens and could not be overcome by increasing either antigen concentration or responder cell numbers. Inhibition was mediated by intact erythrocytes and occurred early in the culture period, suggesting that failure of antigen uptake might underlie the lack of T-cell responses. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown that intact uninfected erythrocytes specifically inhibit phagocytosis of infected red blood cells by peripheral blood monocytes. We propose that specific biochemical interactions with uninfected erythrocytes inhibit the phagocytosis of malaria-infected erythrocytes and that this may impede T-cell recognition in vivo. (Blood. 2004; 103:3084-3092)

scholarly journals Dynamics of T-Cell Responses and Memory T Cells during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (24) ◽  
pp. 13456-13468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Karlsson ◽  
Benoît Malleret ◽  
Patricia Brochard ◽  
Benoît Delache ◽  
Julien Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Cellular immune responses make an important contribution to both the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and disease progression. We used a pathogenic model of SIVmac251 infection of cynomolgus macaques to longitudinally evaluate cellular immune responses in association with various rates of disease progression. We found an inverse relationship between plasma viral load and the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific T cells responses in peripheral blood and lymph nodes. SIV-specific T-cell responses in peripheral blood were transient during primary infection, with the highest responses detected around 3 months after infection. There was also a transient increase of central memory CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood during primary infection, and effector memory T-cell counts in peripheral lymph nodes were increased. This study emphasizes the importance of the early virus-specific immune responses in the outcome of HIV/SIV disease and provides details about the changes of virus-specific immune responses over time.

scholarly journals Human T-Cell Responses to the Glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-San Chia ◽  
Chiou-Mien You ◽  
Chung-Yi Hu ◽  
Bor-Luen Chiang ◽  
Jen-Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT We previously reported differential humoral responses to glucosyltransferases (GTFs), with significantly higher saliva and serum antibody levels to GtfD than to GtfB or GtfC. To test the hypothesis that cellular immune responses to these molecules also may differ, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and T-cell proliferative responses in young adults and children with distinct genetic backgrounds were determined using purified recombinant GtfC and GtfD. PBMCs from all of the volunteers responded to GtfC and -D, but responses were directed predominantly towards GtfD and were major histocompatibility class II antigen dependent. A predominant T-cell response to GtfD, over GtfC, was detectable at various antigen concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 μg/ml and correlated with the differential serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and salivary IgA antibody responses to the GTFs. Therefore, in naturally sensitized humans,Streptococcus mutans GTFs stimulate differential humoral and cellular immune responses, with the secreted form of GtfD eliciting a stronger response than the cell wall-associated form of GtfC.

scholarly journals Manganese salts function as potent adjuvants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
Yukun Guan ◽  
Xiaoming Wei ◽  
Mengyin Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Manganese Salts ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractAluminum-containing adjuvants have been used for nearly 100 years to enhance immune responses in billions of doses of vaccines. To date, only a few adjuvants have been approved for use in humans, among which aluminum-containing adjuvants are the only ones widely used. However, the medical need for potent and safe adjuvants is currently continuously increasing, especially those triggering cellular immune responses for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation, which are urgently needed for the development of efficient virus and cancer vaccines. Manganese is an essential micronutrient required for diverse biological activities, but its functions in immunity remain undefined. We previously reported that Mn2+ is important in the host defense against cytosolic dsDNA by facilitating cGAS-STING activation and that Mn2+ alone directly activates cGAS independent of dsDNA, leading to an unconventional catalytic synthesis of 2′3′-cGAMP. Herein, we found that Mn2+ strongly promoted immune responses by facilitating antigen uptake, presentation, and germinal center formation via both cGAS-STING and NLRP3 activation. Accordingly, a colloidal manganese salt (Mn jelly, MnJ) was formulated to act not only as an immune potentiator but also as a delivery system to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses, inducing antibody production and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell proliferation and activation by either intramuscular or intranasal immunization. When administered intranasally, MnJ also worked as a mucosal adjuvant, inducing high levels of secretory IgA. MnJ showed good adjuvant effects for all tested antigens, including T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens, such as bacterial capsular polysaccharides, thus indicating that it is a promising adjuvant candidate.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Structural Proteins Impair Dendritic Cell Maturation and Inhibit In Vivo Induction of Cellular Immune Responses

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 10862-10871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Sarobe ◽  
Juan José Lasarte ◽  
Aintzane Zabaleta ◽  
Laura Arribillaga ◽  
Ainhoa Arina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection is characterized by low or undetectable cellular immune responses against HCV antigens. Some studies have suggested that HCV proteins manipulate the immune system by suppressing the specific antiviral T-cell immunity. We have previously reported that the expression of HCV core and E1 proteins (CE1) in dendritic cells (DC) impairs their ability to prime T cells in vitro. We show here that immunization of mice with immature DC transduced with an adenovirus encoding HCV core and E1 antigens (AdCE1) induced lower CD4+- and CD8+-T-cell responses than immunization with DC transduced with an adenovirus encoding NS3 (AdNS3). However, no differences in the strength of the immune response were detected when animals were immunized with mature DC subsequently transduced with AdCE1 or AdNS3. According to these findings, we observed that the expression of CE1 in DC inhibited the maturation caused by tumor necrosis factor alpha or CD40L but not that induced by lipopolysaccharide. Blockade of DC maturation by CE1 was manifested by a lower expression of maturation surface markers and was associated with a reduced ability of AdCE1-transduced DC to activate CD4+- and CD8+-T-cell responses in vivo. Our results suggest that HCV CE1 proteins modulate T-cell responses by decreasing the stimulatory ability of DC in vivo via inhibition of their physiological maturation pathways. These findings are relevant for the design of therapeutic vaccination strategies in HCV-infected patients.

Cellular Immune Responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to HBV Antigens during Chronic and Acute HBV Infection

Digestion ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaji Wakita ◽  
Shinichi Kakumu ◽  
Kentaro Yoshioka ◽  
Tetsuya Ishikawa ◽  
Yuji Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Whole blood can be used as an alternative to isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to measure in vitro specific T-cell responses in human samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 112940
Author(s):  
Philippe Moris ◽  
Aurélie Bellanger ◽  
Opokua Ofori-Anyinam ◽  
Erik Jongert ◽  
Juan-Pablo Yarzabal Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

scholarly journals Cellular immune responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Giardia infected squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) treated with Fenbendazole

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0198497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod N. Nehete ◽  
Gregory Wilkerson ◽  
Bharti P. Nehete ◽  
Sriram Chitta ◽  
Julio C. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Saimiri Boliviensis ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals A Combined Adjuvant TF–Al Consisting of TFPR1 and Aluminum Hydroxide Augments Strong Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Both C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Qiao Li ◽  
Zhihua Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Chen Liang ◽  
Jiayi Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Recombinant Hbsag ◽  
Cellular Immune

TFPR1 is a novel adjuvant for protein and peptide antigens, which has been demonstrated in BALB/c mice in our previous studies; however, its adjuvanticity in mice with different genetic backgrounds remains unknown, and its adjuvanticity needs to be improved to fit the requirements for various vaccines. In this study, we first compared the adjuvanticity of TFPR1 in two commonly used inbred mouse strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrated that TFPR1 activated TLR2 to exert its immune activity in vivo. Next, to prove the feasibility of TFPR1 acting as a major component of combined adjuvants, we prepared a combined adjuvant, TF–Al, by formulating TFPR1 and alum at a certain ratio and compared its adjuvanticity with that of TFPR1 and alum alone using OVA and recombinant HBsAg as model antigens in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that TFPR1 acts as an effective vaccine adjuvant in both BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice, and further demonstrated the role of TLR2 in the adjuvanticity of TFPR1 in vivo. In addition, we obtained a novel combined adjuvant, TF–Al, based on TFPR1, which can augment antibody and cellular immune responses in mice with different genetic backgrounds, suggesting its promise for vaccine development in the future.

scholarly journals Baseline Levels of Influenza-Specific B Cells and T Cell Responses Modulate Human Immune Responses to Swine Variant Influenza A/H3N2 Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Lilin Lai ◽  
Nadine Rouphael ◽  
Yongxian Xu ◽  
Amy C. Sherman ◽  
Srilatha Edupuganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

The cellular immune responses elicited by an investigational vaccine against an emergent variant of influenza (H3N2v) are not fully understood. Twenty-five subjects, enrolled in an investigational influenza A/H3N2v vaccine study, who received two doses of vaccine 21 days apart, were included in a sub-study of cellular immune responses. H3N2v-specific plasmablasts were determined by ELISpot 8 days after each vaccine dose and H3N2v specific CD4+ T cells were quantified by intracellular cytokine and CD154 (CD40 ligand) staining before vaccination, 8 and 21 days after each vaccine dose. Results: 95% (19/20) and 96% (24/25) subjects had pre-existing H3N2v specific memory B, and T cell responses, respectively. Plasmablast responses at Day 8 after the first vaccine administration were detected against contemporary H3N2 strains and correlated with hemagglutination inhibition HAI (IgG: p = 0.018; IgA: p < 0.001) and Neut (IgG: p = 0.038; IgA: p = 0.021) titers and with memory B cell frequency at baseline (IgA: r = 0.76, p < 0.001; IgG: r = 0.74, p = 0.0001). The CD4+ T cells at Days 8 and 21 expanded after prime vaccination and this expansion correlated strongly with early post-vaccination HAI and Neut titers (p ≤ 0.002). In an adult population, the rapid serological response observed after initial H3N2v vaccination correlates with post-vaccination plasmablasts and CD4+ T cell responses.

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