scholarly journals The Interaction of Sickle Cell Trait and Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Venousthromboembolism

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4261-4261
Author(s):  
Chinedu A Ezekekwu ◽  
Taiwo R Kotila ◽  
Chinonso Chiemeka Anyanwu-Yeiya ◽  
Titilola S. Akingbola ◽  
Bamidele Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Among the risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) are inheritance of the sickle cell gene and antiphospholipid syndrome. Antiphospholipid antibodies are elevated in sickle cell disease but there is little information on its levels in sickle cell trait. The prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies and association with VTE is equally not known in the Nigerian population. Methods A case control study involving 50 consecutive patients with Doppler confirmed venous thromboembolism at the University College Hospital Ibadan and 50 apparently healthy individuals. Haemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out using cellulose acetate membrane. IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were assayed by ELISA. Results The mean age of the patients was 58.7±18.5years, range of 21-89 years, there were 21 males (42%). Majority of the patients (42 (84%)) had deep venous thrombosis while five (10%) patients presented with pulmonary embolism, one had both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. A patient had portal vein thrombosis and another, an intracardiac clot. Sedentary lifestyles, hypertension and concomitant malignancy were the most prevalent risk factors (34% each) (figure I). Both sedentary lifestyle and cancer were significantly associated with VTE (p<0.001). Sickle cell trait (Hb AS) occurred in the same number of patients and controls (eleven each). Higher levels of both IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were found among the VTE patients with sickle cell trait than controls. (Table 1) The mean levels of IgG antibody in Hb AS patients was 31.7 ± 12.8 GPL compared to 25 ± 13.8 GPL in the controls (p= 0.254) and mean IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in Hb AS patients was 18.7 ± 6.2 GPL while that of the controls was 16.8 ± 11.6 GPL (p= 0.633). The global mean levels of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in the patients with VTE were 29.7 ± 9.1 GPL and 24.8 ±16.7 GPL respectively versus 28.5 ±13.7 GPL and 25.2 ±16.2 GPL in the controls. A multivariable logistic regression showed age, sedentary lifestyle and anemia as independent risk factors while a positive IgM anticardiolipin antibody appeared protective for VTE. (Table 2) Conclusion The prevalence of sickle cell trait and anticardiolipin levels did not differ between VTE patients and healthy controls. Age, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle and malignancies were identified risk factors in our cohort of patients. Larger prospective studies may be helpful in determining the influence of sickle cell trait and antiphospholipid antibodies in venous thromboembolism. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism after a Short-Haul Flight in a Man with Multiple Risk Factors including Sickle Cell Trait

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamille Abdool ◽  
Kanterpersad Ramcharan ◽  
Antonio J. Reyes ◽  
Nadiene Lutchman ◽  
Adrian Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Elevated Body Mass Index ◽  
Commercial Flight ◽  
Multiple Risk

We report a case of pulmonary embolism (PE) in an Afro-Caribbean man following a short commercial flight of less than 5,000 kilometers (Km) in economy class with a 1-month interval between journeys. He had an elevated body mass index (BMI) and sickle cell trait (SCT) with hyperhomocysteinemia. No other preexisting source of venous thrombosis was found. We posit that venous thromboembolism (VTE) and/or PE may have been a complication of SCT in an individual with other multiple risk factors. We discuss the possible interaction of these risk factors for VTE and/or PE and the implications for travelers at risk. The need for a PE risk score and guidelines for the prophylaxis of thromboembolism among travelers exists.

scholarly journals Forty-One-Year-Old Man with Pulmonary Embolism 5 Months After COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117954842098665
Author(s):  
Muhanad Taha ◽  
Paul Nguyen ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Mazen Taha ◽  
Lobelia Samavati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
One Year

Background: Hypercoagulation is one of the striking features of COVID-19. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are at high risk for venous thromboembolism. However, it is unknown if the risk for venous thromboembolism persists after discharge. Case Summary: We report a case with pulmonary embolism 5 months after COVID-19. No risk factors for venous thrombosis have been identified. Conclusion: In COVID-19 related hospitalization, large studies are needed to identify the risk of venous thromboembolism after discharge.

Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombotic Agents ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
In Pregnancy

Venous thromboembolism, which involves venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and is being seen with increasing frequency in outpatients. This chapter discusses the risk factors, etiology, classification, pathophysiology, natural history, prognosis, diagnosis (including venous thrombosis, recurrent venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), prophylaxis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (including the pharmacology of antithrombotic agents), as well as venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and miscellaneous thromboembolic disorders (including thrombosis of unusual sites).  This review contains 8 figures, 16 tables, and 79 references. Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, embolectomy, thrombolysis, hypercoagulability, duplex ultrasonography, D-dimer, anticoagulation

Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombotic Agents ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
In Pregnancy

Venous thromboembolism, which involves venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and is being seen with increasing frequency in outpatients. This chapter discusses the risk factors, etiology, classification, pathophysiology, natural history, prognosis, diagnosis (including venous thrombosis, recurrent venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), prophylaxis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (including the pharmacology of antithrombotic agents), as well as venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and miscellaneous thromboembolic disorders (including thrombosis of unusual sites).  This review contains 8 figures, 16 tables, and 79 references. Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, embolectomy, thrombolysis, hypercoagulability, duplex ultrasonography, D-dimer, anticoagulation

Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombotic Agents ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
In Pregnancy

Venous thromboembolism, which involves venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and is being seen with increasing frequency in outpatients. This chapter discusses the risk factors, etiology, classification, pathophysiology, natural history, prognosis, diagnosis (including venous thrombosis, recurrent venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), prophylaxis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (including the pharmacology of antithrombotic agents), as well as venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and miscellaneous thromboembolic disorders (including thrombosis of unusual sites).  This review contains 8 figures, 16 tables, and 79 references. Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, embolectomy, thrombolysis, hypercoagulability, duplex ultrasonography, D-dimer, anticoagulation

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Paralysis and Deep Venous Thrombosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5412
Author(s):  
Karsten Keller ◽  
Jens Wöllner ◽  
Volker H. Schmitt ◽  
Mir A. Ostad ◽  
Ingo Sagoschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Acute Paraplegia ◽  
The Impact

Background. Venous thromboembolism is a frequent complication and an important cause of death in patients with paralysis. We aimed to investigate predictors of pulmonary embolism (PE) and the impact of PE on the survival of patients with paralysis in comparison to those with deep venous thrombosis or thrombophlebitis (DVT). Methods: Patients were selected by screening the German nationwide inpatient sample (2005–2017) for paralysis, and were stratified for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the VTE-sub-entity PE (ICD-code I26). Impact of PE on mortality and predictors for PE were analyzed. Results: Overall, 7,873,769 hospitalizations of patients with paralysis were recorded in Germany 2005–2017, of whom 1.6% had VTE and 7.0% died. While annual hospitalizations increased (2005: 520,357 to 2017: 663,998) (β 12,421 (95% CI 10,807 to 14,034), p < 0.001), in-hospital mortality decreased from 7.5% to 6.7% (β −0.08% (95% CI −0.10% to −0.06%), p < 0.001). When focusing on 82,558 patients with paralysis hospitalized due to VTE (51.8% females; 58.3% aged ≥ 70 years) in 2005–2017, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with paralysis and PE than in those with DVT only (23.8% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.001). Cancer (OR 2.18 (95% CI 2.09–2.27), p < 0.001), heart failure (OR 1.83 (95% CI 1.76–1.91), p < 0.001), COPD (OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.53–1.72), p < 0.001) and obesity (OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.35–1.50), p < 0.001) were associated with PE. PE (OR 4.28 (95% CI 4.07–4.50), p < 0.001) was a strong predictor of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: In Germany, annual hospitalizations of patients with paralysis increased in 2005–2017, in whom VTE and especially PE substantially affected in-hospital mortality. Cancer, heart failure, COPD, obesity and acute paraplegia were risk factors of PE.

How I treat superficial venous thrombosis

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Kitchens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Rapid Progression

Abstract Thrombosis of superficial veins has long been regarded as a benign disorder. If patients with a clinical diagnosis of superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) are thoroughly evaluated, the degree and extent of thrombosis in patients with SVT are characteristically underestimated (∼ 75% of the time) and such patients have coexistence (∼ 25% of the time) of, and/or rapid progression (∼ 10% of the time) to, systemic venous thromboembolism (VTE). Pulmonary embolism (PE; ∼ 25% of the time) and death (∼ 1% of the time) occur. Contributory risk factors for SVT are the same for VTE. Treatment of patients' SVT with parenteral anticoagulants appears to be both efficacious and certainly safe. I regard most patients with a clinical diagnosis of SVT the same as those with VTEs. Systemic anticoagulant therapy of patients with a clinical diagnosis of SVT obviates extensive imaging and laboratory workup and may be cost effective while encompassing treatment of any unknown concomitant thromboses with only low risk for hemorrhage. This decision is especially clear in those patients with known hypercoagulability. Patients without clinical risk factors are at lower risk to develop VTE complications and might be those who can be simply observed.

scholarly journals Massive Fatal Pulmonary Embolism While on Therapeutic Heparin Drip

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 232470962091478
Author(s):  
Said Hajouli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Fatal Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In this article, we present a case of a patient with an acute DVT who was treated with a therapeutic heparin drip, then developed syncope while in the hospital and found to have massive bilateral PEs. This case aims to arouse the medical staff’s awareness of the VTE diagnosis even if the patient is fully anticoagulated. We review the indications for DVT hospitalization, heparin infusion monitoring, risk factors for developing PE from DVT, mechanisms of developing PE from DVT while on therapeutic anticoagulation, and signs and treatment of massive PE.

Central Nervous System Infections

2016 ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
Pritish K. Tosh ◽  
M. Rizwan Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Glycoprotein I

Thrombophilia refers to the tendency for thromboembolism (ie, having risk factors for thromboembolism), which may be inherited or acquired. The presence of increasing numbers of risk factors further increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti–β‎2-glycoprotein I antibodies) and hyperhomocysteinemia are risk factors not only for VTE but also for arterial thrombosis.

Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombotic Agents ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
In Pregnancy

Venous thromboembolism, which involves venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and is being seen with increasing frequency in outpatients. This chapter discusses the risk factors, etiology, classification, pathophysiology, natural history, prognosis, diagnosis (including venous thrombosis, recurrent venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), prophylaxis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (including the pharmacology of antithrombotic agents), as well as venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and miscellaneous thromboembolic disorders (including thrombosis of unusual sites).  This review contains 8 figures, 16 tables, and 79 references. Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, embolectomy, thrombolysis, hypercoagulability, duplex ultrasonography, D-dimer, anticoagulation

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