Is the Risk of Breast Cancer Increased after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation?.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Debra L. Friedman ◽  
Wendy Leisenring ◽  
Jeffrey Schwartz ◽  
H. Joachim Deeg
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Secondary Breast Cancer

Abstract Survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at risk for second malignant neoplasms (SMN). As secondary breast cancer is now reported in excess among survivors of a variety of cancers treated with conventional chemoradiotherapy, we sought to explore the risk among HSCT survivors. Among 4,805 allogeneic transplant recipients treated at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center between November, 1969 and April, 2003, who survived at least 100 days post transplant, there were 27 females and 1 male with secondary breast cancer, representing the largest single diagnostic group of secondary solid tumors post transplant, following cancers of the skin and mucosa. Confining the analysis to the 2,042 female HSCT recipients, the cumulative incidence of secondary breast cancer at 25 years was 5.4% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.0%, 8.9%). The risk was twice that of the general population, using US SEER data for expected values (Age and race adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.5, 3.3). The time to second breast cancer from transplant was 1-24.8 (median 9.3) years. In Cox regression, using time from transplant as the time scale, risk increased with increasing age at time of transplant, with hazard ratios [HR] of 12.6 (95% CI 1.6,97.9) for patients 18–39 years and 54.7 (95% CI 6.6,450.8) for those ≥ 40 years. However, when age was used as the time scale, this age effect was no longer seen (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.06,5,3). We also investigated the role of preparatory regimen and graft versus host disease (GVHD) and found no associations with increased breast cancer risk. Specifically, use of TBI in the conditioning regimen (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 0.8,4.7), type of alkylating agent used in the conditioning regimen (Busulfan HR: 2.0; 95% CI: 0.1,32.0; Cytoxan HR: 1.3 95%; CI: 0.2,10.5; Busulfan plus Cytoxan HR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.1,6.7), donor type (related versus unrelated; HR: 1.3; 95% CI 0.5,3.2), nor acute (HR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.5,2.6) or chronic GVHD (HR: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.7,3.3) increased risk for secondary breast cancer. The only treatment-related risk factor identified was the use of single fraction (versus fractionated) TBI, where the hazard ratio was 4.8 (95% CI: 1.5,16.2). Among 1,015 100+ day survivors of autologous transplants, excluding those transplanted for primary breast cancer, there were 2 female and 1 male breast cancer reported. These data suggest that, in contrast to the risk reported following conventional chemoradiotherapy, transplant preparatory regimens do not significantly increase risk for secondary breast cancer. In addition, GVHD, which is a risk factor for a number of SMNs following HSCT, does not appear to increase the risk for secondary breast cancer. Risk factors other than therapy should therefore be investigated to better understand the increased risk of breast cancer following HSCT and to develop appropriate preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Women’s health behaviour change after receiving breast cancer risk estimates with tailored screening and prevention recommendations

BMC Cancer ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Rainey ◽  
Daniëlle van der Waal ◽  
Louise S. Donnelly ◽  
Jake Southworth ◽  
David P. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Secondary Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background The Predicting Risk of Cancer at Screening (PROCAS) study provided women who were eligible for breast cancer screening in Greater Manchester (United Kingdom) with their 10-year risk of breast cancer, i.e., low (≤1.5%), average (1.5–4.99%), moderate (5.-7.99%) or high (≥8%). The aim of this study is to explore which factors were associated with women’s uptake of screening and prevention recommendations. Additionally, we evaluated women’s organisational preferences regarding tailored screening. Methods A total of 325 women with a self-reported low (n = 60), average (n = 125), moderate (n = 80), or high (n = 60) risk completed a two-part web-based survey. The first part contained questions about personal characteristics. For the second part women were asked about uptake of early detection and preventive behaviours after breast cancer risk communication. Additional questions were posed to explore preferences regarding the organisation of risk-stratified screening and prevention. We performed exploratory univariable and multivariable regression analyses to assess which factors were associated with uptake of primary and secondary breast cancer preventive behaviours, stratified by breast cancer risk. Organisational preferences are presented using descriptive statistics. Results Self-reported breast cancer risk predicted uptake of (a) supplemental screening and breast self-examination, (b) risk-reducing medication and (c) preventive lifestyle behaviours. Further predictors were (a) having a first degree relative with breast cancer, (b) higher age, and (c) higher body mass index (BMI). Women’s organisational preferences for tailored screening emphasised a desire for more intensive screening for women at increased risk by further shortening the screening interval and moving the starting age forward. Conclusions Breast cancer risk communication predicts the uptake of key tailored primary and secondary preventive behaviours. Effective communication of breast cancer risk information is essential to optimise the population-wide impact of tailored screening.

scholarly journals Homologous recombination repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and breast cancer risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1367
Author(s):  
Jie Shen ◽  
Renduo Song ◽  
Wong-Ho Chow ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Homologous Recombination Repair ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recombination Repair

Abstract Deficiency in homologous recombination repair (HRR) capacity is frequently observed in breast tumors. However, whether HRR deficiency is a tumor-specific biomarker or a risk factor for breast cancer is unknown. In this two-stage study, using a host cell reactivation assay, we assessed the relationship between HRR capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and breast cancer risk. The discovery stage included 152 breast cancer patients and 152 healthy controls matched on age and race. HRR capacity was found to be significantly lower in Black women than in White women among controls (P = 0.015) and cases (P = 0.012). Among cases, triple negative breast cancer patients had significantly lower HRR capacity than ER+/PR+ breast cancer patients (P = 0.006). In risk assessment, HRR capacity was found to be significantly lower in cases than in controls (P < 0.001), and decreased HRR capacity was associated with 1.42-fold increased risk of breast cancer (95% CI: 1.21, 2.53). In the validation stage, we assessed HRR capacity in a nested case–control study using pre-diagnostic samples. We found that decreased HRR capacity was associated with 1.21-fold increased risk of breast cancer (95% CI: 1.04, 4.58). In summary, our results demonstrate that decreased HRR capacity in PBLs is a risk factor for breast cancer.

СONTRIBUTION OF POLYMORPHIC VARIATION OF ТP53 AND XRCC1 GENES TO THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BREAST CANCER FOR WOMEN OF KYRGYZ AND BELARUSIAN NATIONALITY - A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MULTIFACTOR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Nazira Aldasheva ◽  
Vyacheslav Kipen ◽  
Zhaynagul Isakova ◽  
Sergey Melnov ◽  
Raisa Smolyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
The Republic

Basing on Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction method we showed that polymorphic variants p.Q399R (rs25487, XRCC1) and p.P72R (rs1042522, TP53) correlated with increased risk of breast cancer for women from the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Belarus. Cohort for investigation included patients with clinically verified breast cancer: 117 women from the Kyrgyz Republic (nationality - Kyrgyz) and 169 - of the Republic of Belarus (nationality - Belarusians). Group for comparison included (healthy patients without history of cancer pathology at the time of blood sampling) 102 patients from the Kyrgyz Republic, 185 - from the Republic of Belarus. Respectively genotyping of polymorphic variants p.Q399R (rs25487, XRCC1) and p.P72R (rs1042522, TP53) was done by PCR-RFLP. Analysis of the intergenic interactions conducted with MDR 3.0.2 software. Both ethnic groups showed an increase of breast cancer risk in the presence of alleles for SNPs Gln p.Q399R (XRCC1) in the heterozygous state: for the group “Kyrgyz” - OR=2,78 (95% CI=[1,60-4,82]), p=0,001; for the group “Belarusians” - OR=1,85 (95% СІ=[1Д1-2,82], p=0,004. Carriers with combination of alleles Gln (p.Q399R, XRCC1) and Pro (p.P72R, TP53) showed statistically significance increases of breast cancer risk as for patients from the Kyrgyz Republic (OR=2,89, 95% CI=[1,33-6,31]), so as for patients from the Republic of Belarus (OR=3,01, 95% CI=[0,79-11,56]).

scholarly journals Transiently increased risk of breast cancer after childbirth: implications for fertility treatments and surrogacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1255
Author(s):  
Zeev Blumenfeld ◽  
Norbert Gleicher ◽  
Eli Y Adashi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Whereas longstanding dogma has purported that pregnancies protect women from breast cancer, a recent meta-analysis now mandates reconsideration since it reported an actual higher breast cancer risk for more than two decades after childbirth before the relative risk turns negative. Moreover, the risk of breast cancer appears higher for women having their first birth at an older age and with a family history and it is not reduced by breastfeeding. The process of obtaining informed consent for all fertility treatments, therefore, must make patients aware of the facts that every pregnancy, to a small degree, will increase the short-term breast cancer risk. This observation may be even more relevant in cases of surrogacy where women agree to conceive without deriving benefits of offspring from assuming the risk, thus creating a substantially different risk-benefit ratio. Consequently, it appears prudent for professional societies in the field to update recommendations regarding consent information for all fertility treatments but especially for treatments involving surrogacy.

Association of APC and MCC Polymorphisms with Increased Breast Cancer Risk in an Indian Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nupur Mukherjee ◽  
Nilanjana Bhattacharya ◽  
Satyabrata Sinha ◽  
Neyaz Alam ◽  
Runu Chakravarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) genes are key regulatory genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which are independently involved in maintaining low levels of β-catenin in the cell. In addition to genetic and epigenetic alterations, some genetic polymorphisms in the genes associated with the Wnt signaling pathway have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of cancer, including breast cancer. In the present study we analyzed the association of genotype and haplotype status of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2229992 and rs11283943, in the APC and MCC genes, respectively, with an increased risk of breast carcinogenesis in a breast cancer and control population from eastern India. We observed a significant association of the rs11283943 SNP with increased breast cancer risk. Two specific haplotypes involving the minor allele of rs11283943 were found to be associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant association of the 2–2 genotype (genotype homozygous for the rs11283943 minor allele) with decreased survival (p=0.045) of the breast cancer patients in our study, in particular patients with early-onset BC.

scholarly journals Pubertal timing and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Goldberg ◽  
Aimee A. D’Aloisio ◽  
Katie M. O’Brien ◽  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Dale P. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Pubertal Tempo

Abstract Background Earlier age at menarche is an established risk factor for breast cancer. While age at menarche has been fairly stable over the past half-century, age at breast development (thelarche) has continued to decrease. Recently, earlier age at thelarche and a longer time between thelarche and menarche (pubertal tempo) were shown to be associated with increased breast cancer risk. Our objective was to examine how breast cancer risk was associated with pubertal timing and tempo in a prospective US cohort. Methods Women ages 35–74 years without a history of breast cancer, but who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer, were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003 to 2009 (N = 50,884). At enrollment, participants reported their ages at thelarche and menarche. Pubertal tempo was age at menarche minus age at thelarche. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each pubertal milestone and risk of breast cancer (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ) using Cox proportional hazards regression. We examined whether associations between age at thelarche and breast cancer risk were modified by birth cohort, race/ethnicity, weight at age 10, and extent of breast cancer family history, as characterized by a Bayesian score based on first-degree family structure. Results During follow-up (mean = 9.3 years), 3295 eligible women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Early ages at thelarche (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.46 for < 10 vs. 12–13 years) and menarche (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20 for < 12 vs. 12–13 years) were positively associated with breast cancer risk. Pubertal tempo was not associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.02 per 1-year longer tempo). When considering early thelarche (< 10 years) and early menarche (< 12 years) jointly, women with both had a 30% greater risk of breast cancer compared with women with neither risk factor (95% CI 1.07–1.57). The association between age at thelarche and breast cancer risk did not significantly vary by birth cohort, race/ethnicity, childhood weight, or Bayesian family history score. Conclusions Earlier ages at thelarche and menarche may enhance susceptibility to breast carcinogenesis. Age at thelarche is an important risk factor to consider given secular trends towards earlier development.

scholarly journals Using Whole Breast Ultrasound Tomography to Improve Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Novel Risk Factor Based on the Quantitative Tissue Property of Sound Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neb Duric ◽  
Mark Sak ◽  
Shaoqi Fan ◽  
Ruth M. Pfeiffer ◽  
Peter J. Littrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Tomography ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

Mammographic percent density (MPD) is an independent risk factor for developing breast cancer, but its inclusion in clinical risk models provides only modest improvements in individualized risk prediction, and MPD is not typically assessed in younger women because of ionizing radiation concerns. Previous studies have shown that tissue sound speed, derived from whole breast ultrasound tomography (UST), a non-ionizing modality, is a potential surrogate marker of breast density, but prior to this study, sound speed has not been directly linked to breast cancer risk. To that end, we explored the relation of sound speed and MPD with breast cancer risk in a case-control study, including 61 cases with recent breast cancer diagnoses and a comparison group of 165 women, frequency matched to cases on age, race, and menopausal status, and with a recent negative mammogram and no personal history of breast cancer. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the relation of quartiles of MPD and sound speed with breast cancer risk adjusted for matching factors. Elevated MPD was associated with increased breast cancer risk, although the trend did not reach statistical significance (OR per quartile = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.70; ptrend = 0.10). In contrast, elevated sound speed was significantly associated with breast cancer risk in a dose–response fashion (OR per quartile = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.54; ptrend = 0.0003). The OR trend for sound speed was statistically significantly different from that observed for MPD (p = 0.005). These findings suggest that whole breast sound speed may be more strongly associated with breast cancer risk than MPD and offer future opportunities for refining the magnitude and precision of risk associations in larger, population-based studies, including women younger than usual screening ages.

scholarly journals Biological Aging Marker p16INK4a in T Cells and Breast Cancer Risk

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Jie Shen ◽  
Renduo Song ◽  
Bernard F. Fuemmeler ◽  
Kandace P. McGuire ◽  
Wong-Ho Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Discovery Stage

Prior research has demonstrated that altered telomere length, a well-known marker for biological aging, is associated with various types of human cancer. However, whether such association extends to additional hallmarks of biological aging, including cellular senescence, has not been determined yet. In this two-stage study, we assessed the association between p16INK4a mRNA expression in T cells, a marker of cellular senescence, and breast cancer risk. The discovery stage included 352 breast cancer patients and 324 healthy controls. p16INK4a mRNA expression was significantly higher in individuals who were older, Black, and had family history of cancer than their counterparts in both cases and controls. p16INK4a mRNA expression also differed by marital status, annual income, and smoking status in cases. In the discovery stage, we found that increased p16INK4a mRNA expression was associated with 1.40-fold increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.21, 1.68; p < 0.001). A marginally significant association was further observed in the validation stage with 47 cases and 48 controls using pre-diagnostic samples (OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 0.98, 2.97; p = 0.053). In addition, we found that p16INK4a mRNA expression was higher in tumors with selected aggressive characteristics (e.g., poorly differentiated and large tumors) than their counterparts. In summary, our results demonstrate that higher p16INK4a mRNA expression in T cells is a risk factor for breast cancer and further support the role of biological aging in the etiology of breast cancer development. Novelty and Impact Statements: The results from this study provide evidence that cellular senescence, a process of biological aging, plays a role in breast cancer etiology. In addition, our results also support that social demographics may modify cellular senescence and biological aging.

scholarly journals Pubertal timing and breast density in young women: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Houghton ◽  
Seungyoun Jung ◽  
Rebecca Troisi ◽  
Erin S. LeBlanc ◽  
Linda G. Snetselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pubertal Tempo

Abstract Background Earlier age at onset of pubertal events and longer intervals between them (tempo) have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. It is unknown whether the timing and tempo of puberty are associated with adult breast density, which could mediate the increased risk. Methods From 1988 to 1997, girls participating in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) were clinically assessed annually between ages 8 and 17 years for Tanner stages of breast development (thelarche) and pubic hair (pubarche), and onset of menses (menarche) was self-reported. In 2006–2008, 182 participants then aged 25–29 years had their percent dense breast volume (%DBV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariable, linear mixed-effects regression models adjusted for reproductive factors, demographics, and body size were used to evaluate associations of age and tempo of puberty events with %DBV. Results The mean (standard deviation) and range of %DBV were 27.6 (20.5) and 0.2–86.1. Age at thelarche was negatively associated with %DBV (p trend = 0.04), while pubertal tempo between thelarche and menarche was positively associated with %DBV (p trend = 0.007). %DBV was 40% higher in women whose thelarche-to-menarche tempo was 2.9 years or longer (geometric mean (95%CI) = 21.8% (18.2–26.2%)) compared to women whose thelarche-to-menarche tempo was less than 1.6 years (geometric mean (95%CI) = 15.6% (13.9–17.5%)). Conclusions Our results suggest that a slower pubertal tempo, i.e., greater number of months between thelarche and menarche, is associated with higher percent breast density in young women. Future research should examine whether breast density mediates the association between slower tempo and increased breast cancer risk.

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