National Responses to HIV Versus HCV-Infection from Virally Contaminated Blood Products among Persons with Hemophilia (PWH): More Different Than Alike.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3213-3213
Author(s):  
Charles L. Bennett ◽  
Lauren E. Frohlich ◽  
Kathryn R. McCaffrey ◽  
June M. McKoy ◽  
Glenn E. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Contaminated Blood

Abstract Background: 95% of HIV- and HCV-infections among PWHs occurred with use of contaminated blood products prior to 1985. Overall, 20% to 90% of PWHs in developed countries have HIV- and/or HCV-infection. We compared country-specific public health approaches, judicial activities, and compensation for these viral infections. Methods: Reports from hemophilia organizations, national ministries of health, published articles, and the World Federation of Hemophilia were reviewed. Results: Except for the United States, the number of PWHs who developed HCV-infection from contaminated blood products was 1.5 to 3-fold as great as for HIV-infection- as a result of delayed use of heat-treated blood products, importation in late 1984 of HCV-infected non-heat treated blood products from the United States, and failure to use surrogate laboratory marker hepatitis screening tests. Compensation funds for HIV-infected PWHs were established in Japan ($521,000 at Dx); France ($305,000 at Dx; $102,000 for AIDS); the United States ($115,000 at Dx); Ireland ($106,000 at Dx); the United Kingdom ($55,000 at Dx); Australia ($48,000 at Dx); Canada ($13,000 at Dx/$18,000/yr); Germany ($12,000/yr for HIV; $24,000/yr for AIDS); and Italy ($6,000/yr; $82,000 at death). Compensation has also been provided to HCV-infected PWHs in Ireland ($266,000 at Dx); Canada ($251,000 at Dx); the United Kingdom ($33,000 at Dx; $42,000 if w/liver damage); and Italy ($10,000/yr; $37,000 at death). Conclusions: In most developed countries, despite a greater number of HCV-versus HIV-infected PWHs, markedly less attention has been paid to HCV-infected PWHs. All countries should review HCV-related blood safety decisions made in the 1980s and consider providing compensation to HCV-infected PWHs. A comparison of national responses to HIV and HCV infections from blood products Country -PWH (thousands) % PWH with HIV:HCV Man-dated HIV ELISA (date) Man-dated heat Rx factor (date) Anti-HBc marker screening (date) Nat’l Funds for HIV/HCV among PWHs (year) Nat’l Panels for HIV/HCV decisions (year) USA-20 50%:30% Mar 85 Oct 84 Oct 84 96/none 95/none Italy- 8.7 23%:55% Mar 85 Jul 85 None 92/98 92/05 GDR- 6 47%:90% Oct 85 Oct 85 None 95/none 94/none UK-6 28%:80% Oct 85 Jun 85 None 88/03 87/05 France-4 50%:90% Aug 85 Oct 85 None 89/none 91/none Japan-3.4 60%:90% Nov 86 Jun 86 None 88/none 96/none Canada-2 40%:88% Nov 85 Jul 85 None 89/98 97/none Australia-1.5 31%:90% May 85 Jan 85 None 89/none 88/none Ireland-0.3 36%:76% Oct 85 Feb 85 None 91/97 91/97

scholarly journals International Student Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharif Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Students ◽  
International Student ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The U.S

Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) surrounds the transition that international students encounter when they attend universities in developed countries in pursuit of higher education. Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) describe how some countries like Australia and the United Kingdom host more international students than the United States (U.S.) and provides some guidelines for the U.S. higher education institutions to follow to host more international students. This book contains seven chapters.

scholarly journals G7 summit – analysis of decisions taken to step up on climate change challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08017
Author(s):  
Carmen Valentina Radulescu ◽  
Iulian Gole ◽  
Marius Profiroiu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom

Research background: After the summit of G7 held in the United Kingdom, important decisions regarding future actions against global warming were taken. Some of them were appreciated by the environmental supporters but many others tend to have a different view, especially because of lack of details. Purpose of the article: In this article, we will analyse what are the measure proposed by the most powerful and developed countries, members of G7, what is the position of the other big countries (China and Russia) that were not invited, and how this could really contribute to the saving environment progress. Methods: Through descriptive and comparative analysis the paper reveals the financial and technical difficulties to implement these decisions and how they can contribute to a better environment and achieve the COP 21 objective. Findings & Value added: The stress caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in all economies didn’t cancel the engagement of countries taken in Paris, to limit the rise of global temperatures to 1.50C comparing to the preindustrial era. The United States even came back on track and, generally speaking, it appears that there is a stronger will to take concrete actions.

Economic and Social Council

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Social Council

The resumed 26th session of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) was held in New York on October 23 and December 10 and 11, 1958, under the presidency of Mr. Davidson (Canada). A draft resolution by which ECOSOC would decide to enable the International Atomic Energy Agency to become a member of the Technical Assistance Board and to participate in the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance was adopted unanimously at the 1045th meeting. The Council elected the members of the Governing Council of the Special Fund: elected as members representing the economically more advanced countries were Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; and representing the less-developed countries were Argentina, Chile, Ghana, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, the United Arab Republic, and Yugoslavia. Brazil was elected as a member of the Technical Assistance Committee to fill the vacancy resulting from the election of Venezuela to ECOSOC. At its 1046th meeting the Council elected the following seven members of the Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations for 1959: China, Costa Rica, France, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The Council unanimously confirmed the names of persons nominated by governments to represent them on the functional commissions of ECOSOC. The delegate of France announced that his country had been unable to take advantage of the extended time-limit for the submission of lists of the territories it wished to be admitted as associate members of the Economic Commission for Africa. The Council unanimously adopted a resolution designed to make the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies applicable to the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization.

A Closer Look at the Junior Doctor Crisis in the United Kingdom’s National Health Services: Is Emigration Justifiable?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY ZI WEI TEO
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Health ◽  
Junior Doctor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
A Current

Abstract:This article attempts to tackle the ethically and morally troubling issue of emigration of physicians from the United Kingdom, and whether it can be justified. Unlike most research that has already been undertaken in this field, which looks at migration from developing countries to developed countries, this article takes an in-depth look at the migration of physicians between developed countries, in particular from the United Kingdom (UK) to other developed countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States (US). This examination was written in response to a current and critical crisis in the National Health Service (NHS), where impending contract changes may bring about a potential exodus of junior doctors.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Influencing the Success of Crowdfunding Campaigns of Startups in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Thanh Tu ◽  
Dinh Phuong Anh ◽  
Tang Thi Ha Thu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Factors Influencing

Over the past years, crowdfunding has been known as an effective funding channel for startups, especially in developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Nowadays, along with the rise of startups in Vietnam, will crowdfunding be a fruitful funding channel? What are the success determinants for a crowdfunding campaign of startups in Vietnam? With the data from five most well-known crowdfunding platforms (CFP) in Vietnam, we explore the factors which are significant for the success of crowdfunding campaigns of startups. Besides, this article also shed lights on the prospects and challenges ofcrowdfunding in Vietnam and proposes some recommendations for parties participating in the crowdfundingsystem.

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