scholarly journals Myeloablative Cord Blood Transplantation Yields Excellent Disease Free Survival in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4693-4693
Author(s):  
David Charles Keahi Oliver ◽  
Ryan D Cassaday ◽  
Ralph P Ermoian ◽  
Ann Dahlberg ◽  
Colleen Delaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cord Blood Transplantation ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Blood Transplantation ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potential curative treatment for children and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, relapse occurs in approximately 30% of patients with ALL after HCT, with even worse outcomes in patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) pre-transplant [1]. Lower relapse rates have been reported for patients undergoing cord blood transplantation (CBT) compared to unrelated donor transplant. In the present study we sought not only to evaluate outcomes for ALL patients undergoing a myeloablative CBT, but also to see if the outcomes varied according to MRD status. Methods: Using prospectively collected data, we reviewed 67 consecutive patients with ALL who received a CBT between 2006 and 2016. The conditioning regimens consisted of either TBI (1320 cGy), Cytoxan and Fludarabine (FLU), (n=49) or Treosulfan (Treo), FLU and 200 cGY TBI (n=18). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Donor units were selected to be at least a 4 out of 6 match to recipient at HLA-A and HLA-B antigens and HLA-DRB allele. Ten-color multiparameter flow cytometry studies on bone marrow aspirates were performed before HCT to determine the presence of MRD. Disease free-survival (DFS) was evaluated using the method of Kaplan and Meier. Probabilities of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were summarized using cumulative incidence estimates using the appropriate competing risks. Results: Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. The median age and weight was 22 years (range, 0.6-58 years) and 57 kg (range 8-99 kg), respectively. Thirty-nine patients (58%) were non-Caucasian. At the time of transplant 32 patients (47%) were in first complete remission (CR1), 28 (42%) in CR2 and 7 (11%) in CR≥3. Any level of residual disease was considered MRD-positive (n=22). Fifteen patients (22%) had Ph+ ALL. Nine patients (13%) had a prior allogeneic transplant. The majority of patients (n=48; 72%) received a double-CB graft; the rest received a single-CB graft. In addition, 14 patients (21%) received an ex-vivo-expanded CB unit as part of their graft, combined with an unmanipulated CB unit. Median time to engraftment was 31 days (range, 21-80 days). The overall DFS at 5 years was 74% (CI 95%: 60-83) with no difference between MRD-negative 78% (CI 95%: 61-88) and MRD-positive patients 67% (CI 95%:43-81) (p=0.40) [Figure 1A and 1B]. The overall cumulative incidence of relapse and NRM at 5 years post-transplant was 14% (CI 95%: 5-31) and 12% (95%: 3-26), respectively. The risk of relapse was not significantly higher in MRD-positive compared to MRD-negative (HR 1.80 (95 CI: 0.50-6.51) p=0.36), when adjusting for year of transplant, CMV serostatus, age, and disease risk. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD grade II-IV and III-IV at day 100 was 86% (CI 95%: 75-92) and 16% (CI 95%: 8-26), respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggest that outcomes in patients with ALL following myeloablative CBT are remarkable with 74% DFS at 5 years and very low rate of relapse. The implication of these results is particularly important for patients from racial and ethnic minorities. Indeed, because mismatches in CB units can be tolerated, it is possible to find suitable donors for nearly all patients, regardless of their race/ethnicity. Furthermore, the risk of relapse was similar between MRD-negative and positive patients, although this requires further study in larger populations given the relatively low number of MRD-positive patients. References: 1. Bar M, Wood BL, Radich JP et al. Impact of minimal residual disease, detected by flow cytometry, on outcome of myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res Treatment. 2014;2014:421723 Disclosures Delaney: Nohla Therapeutics: Employment.

scholarly journals Outcome of Children With Hypodiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Retrospective Multinational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Hon Pui ◽  
Paola Rebora ◽  
Martin Schrappe ◽  
Andishe Attarbaschi ◽  
Andre Baruchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Allogeneic Transplantation ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival

PURPOSE We determined the prognostic factors and utility of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation among children with newly diagnosed hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated in contemporary clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study collected data on 306 patients with hypodiploid ALL who were enrolled in the protocols of 16 cooperative study groups or institutions between 1997 and 2013. The clinical and biologic characteristics, early therapeutic responses as determined by minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment, treatment with or without MRD-stratified protocols, and allogeneic transplantation were analyzed for their impact on outcome. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 6.6 years, the 5-year event-free survival rate was 55.1% (95% CI, 49.3% to 61.5%), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 61.2% (95% CI, 55.5% to 67.4%) for the 272 evaluable patients. Negative MRD at the end of remission induction, high hypodiploidy with 44 chromosomes, and treatment in MRD-stratified protocols were associated with a favorable prognosis, with a 5-year event-free survival rate of 75% (95% CI, 66.0% to 85.0%), 74% (95% CI, 61.0% to 89.0%), and 62% (95% CI, 55.0% to 69.0%), respectively. After exclusion of patients with high hypodiploidy with 44 chromosomes and adjustment for waiting time to transplantation and for covariables in a Poisson model, disease-free survival did not differ significantly ( P = .16) between the 42 patients who underwent transplantation and the 186 patients who received chemotherapy only, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 59% (95% CI, 46.5% to 75.0%) versus 51.5% (95% CI, 44.7% to 59.4%), respectively. Transplantation produced no significant impact on outcome compared with chemotherapy alone, especially among the subgroup of patients who achieved a negative MRD status upon completion of remission induction. CONCLUSION MRD-stratified treatments improved the outcome for children with hypodiploid ALL. Allogeneic transplantation did not significantly improve outcome overall and, in particular, for patients who achieved MRD-negative status after induction.

PAX5 Wild-Type without IKZF1 (Ikaros) Deletion Is Associated with Prolonged Disease-Free Survival and Low Rate of Cumulative Incidence of Relapse in Adult BCR-ABL1-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): On Behalf of GIMEMA AL Working Party.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Ilaria Iacobucci ◽  
Cristina Papayannidis ◽  
Francesca Paoloni ◽  
Annalisa Lonetti ◽  
Markus Muschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Median Size ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Abstract 12 Background: Recently, in genome-wide analyses of DNA copy number abnormalities using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays, genetic alterations targeting PAX5 were identified in over 30% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases (Mullighan et al. Nature 2008). However, so far, the occurrence of PAX5 alterations and their clinical correlation has not been investigated in adults with BCR-ABL1-positive ALL. Aim: To characterize the rearrangements on 9p involving PAX5 and their clinical significance in adult BCR-ABL1-positive ALL. Patients and Methods: Eighty-nine patients with de novo adult BCR-ABL1-positive ALL were enrolled into institutional (n = 15) or Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto Acute Leukemia Working Party (n = 74) clinical trials and after obtaining informed consent their genome was analyzed by SNP arrays (Affymetrix 250K NspI and SNP 6.0), FISH, genomic PCR and resequencing. Results: By SNP array analysis we identified a loss of PAX5 in 29 patients (33%). In all cases the deletion was hemizygous. Four patterns of PAX5 deletion were observed: 1) focal deletion involving only the PAX5 gene in one case (3%); 2) deletions involving only a portion of PAX5 and both telomeric and centromeric genes in 11 cases (38%) with a median size of 310 kb (range: 101 kb-16,395 kb); 3) broader deletions involving the entire PAX5 locus and a variable number of flanking genes in 10 patients (34%) with a median size of 1,999 kb (range: 567 kb-1,208 kb); 4) deletion of all chromosome 9 or 9p in 7 patients (24%). These deletions may result in either PAX5 haploinsufficiency or expression of PAX5 alleles with impaired DNA-binding or transcriptional activation activity. In one patient the deletion of PAX5 involved only a subset of exons (exons 2-6) resulting in an alternative transcript encoding a prematurely truncated protein lacking key PAX5 functional domains. To investigate the consequences of genomic PAX5 alteration, quantitative PCR (q-PCR) was used, demonstrating that genomic alterations on 9p13.2 lead to a significant down-modulation at the transcript level of Pax5. Furthermore, both normal and deleted PAX5 subgroups were investigated for point mutations by sequencing analysis but we did not found nucleotide substitutions, suggesting that deletions are the main mechanism of inactivation of PAX5 in BCR-ABL1 positive ALL. However, when we investigated the association of PAX5 deletions with clinical outcome, no association with PAX5 status was detected (overall survival: p=0.3294; disease free-survival,DFS: p=0.9249 and cumulative incidence of relapse, CIR: p=0.945), suggesting that PAX5 deletions are not associated with outcome. Twenty-three patients (26%) had deletion of both PAX5 and IKZF1, encoding for the transcription factor Ikaros. We assessed the contribution of both PAX5 and IKZF1 alterations on clinical outcome finding out that the occurrence of both normal PAX5 and IKZF1 loss is associated with a shorter DFS (p=0.04) and higher CIR cumulative incidence of relapse in comparison to patients with both normal IKZF1 and PAX5 (p = 0.009). These results were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: PAX5 deletions are frequent events in adult BCR-ABL1 positive ALL and are often associated with IKZF1 loss. The genomic status of both PAX5 and IKZF1 can be useful to identify at diagnosis groups of patients with worse prognosis. Supported by: European LeukemiaNet, AIL, AIRC, FIRB 2006, Strategico di Ateneo, GIMEMA Onlus. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Cord Blood Transplantation Is an Effective Treatment Option in Patients with Myelodysplastic and Myeloproliferative Syndromes

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2048-2048
Author(s):  
Laura Roberts ◽  
Rachel B. Salit ◽  
Lauren Longo ◽  
Elisabetta Xue ◽  
Corinne Summers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Cord Blood Transplantation ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Blood Transplantation ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Very High

Background: Few registry studies have investigated the use of cord blood transplantation (CBT) for treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative disorders (MPN). To date, the outcomes reported have been not encouraging with excess of graft failures [1] and poor disease-free survival (DFS) [2]. The major obstacle to the success of CBT in this high-risk population has been related to the high rate of non-relapse mortality (NRM) due to the delayed time to engraftment. In this single-center study we retrospectively investigated clinical outcomes in patients with MDS and MPN undergoing a CBT. Methods: We reviewed clinical outcomes in 65 consecutive patients with either MDS (n=42) or MPN (n=23) who received a CBT at our institution between 2006 and 2018. The conditioning regimens used consisted of Cyclophosphamide (CY), Fludarabine (FLU), and total body irradiation (TBI) 13.2 Gy (n=16); Treosulfan, FLU, and TBI 2 Gy (n=26); Busulfan, CY, and FLU (n=6); or CY, FLU, and TBI (2 to 4 Gy) (n=17). All patients received Cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Cord blood units were HLA-typed at the antigen level for HLA-A and B, and high resolution for HLA-DRB1. Disease risk was classified as low to intermediate (n=37) and high to very high (n=28). Cytogenetics risk at diagnosis was favorable, intermediate and unfavorable in 11 (17%), 33 (51%) and 21 (32%) patients, respectively. Among patients with MDS, the R-IPSS score was low in 6 (14%), intermediate in 18 (43%), high in 8 (19%), and very-high in 10 (24%). Engraftment, relapse, NRM, and acute GVHD were calculated using cumulative incidence estimates adjusting for the appropriate competing risks. DFS and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. Median follow-up was 4.2 years (range, 0.5-12). The median age and weight were 46 years (range, 1-71) and 71 kg (range, 10-116). Six (9%) patients had failed a prior HCT. 56 (86%) patients received 2 cord blood units to achieve the required cryopreserved cell dose. The median cell doses infused were 2.6 x 107 (range, 1.4-15) TNC/kg and 0.12 x 106 (range, 0.02-0.78) CD34+ cells/kg. Neutrophils (>500 for 3 days) and platelet (>20x109/L for 7 days transfusion free) engraftment occurred at a median time of 20 days (range, 6-89) and 35 days (range, 13-85), respectively. There were only 4 (6%) cases of primary graft failure, 2 of which were patients with MDS and 2 patients with MPN, and no cases of secondary graft failures. 76% of MDS patients and 52% of MPN patients achieved platelet engraftment by day 100. OS at 3 years was 60% (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 47-71) and specifically was 63% (95% CI: 47-76) for MDS patients and 55% (95% CI: 32-73) for MPN patients. Disease free survival at 3 years was 54% (95% CI: 41-66) with a cumulative incidence of relapse of 21% (95% CI: 11-32). The cumulative incidence of NRM at day 100 and at 3 years were 9% (95% CI: 4-17) and 25% (95% CI: 15-36), respectively. No differences in DFS, relapse incidence, and NRM were seen between MDS and MPN patients (Table 2). The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD grade II-IV and III-IV were 74% (95% CI: 61-82) and 21% (95% CI: 12-32), respectively. Seventeen (26%) patients developed late acute GVHD at a median time of 186 days (range, 101-379), and 10 (15%) had overlap syndrome. Twenty-three (35%) patients were diagnosed with classical chronic GVHD: 18 (27%) with mild, 3 (5%) with moderate, and only two (3%) with severe grade. Conclusions: The results presented herein demonstrate that in patients with MDS and MPN undergoing CBT sustained engraftment was achievable without excessive graft failures. The rates of OS and DFS at 3 years were extremely encouraging and similar to what was observed after matched related and unrelated donors' transplants. [3,4]. Overall, our data suggest that CBT should be considered as a valid option for this high-risk population in case of lack of conventional donors. Disclosures Delaney: Biolife Solutions: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Nohla Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Milano:ExCellThera: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.

IKZF1 (Ikaros) Deletions in BCR-ABL1–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Are Associated With Short Disease-Free Survival and High Rate of Cumulative Incidence of Relapse: A GIMEMA AL WP Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 5202-5207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Martinelli ◽  
Ilaria Iacobucci ◽  
Clelia Tiziana Storlazzi ◽  
Marco Vignetti ◽  
Francesca Paoloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

Purpose The causes of the aggressive nature of BCR-ABL1–positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are unknown. To identify, at the submicroscopic level, oncogenic lesions that cooperate with BCR-ABL1 to induce ALL, we performed an investigation of genomic copy number alterations using single nucleotide polymorphism array, genomic polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of candidate genes. Patients and Methods Eighty-three patients with de novo adult Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) –positive ALL were enrolled onto institutional (n = 17) or Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto Working Party delle Leucemia Acute (n = 66) clinical trials. Treatments included tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) alone, conventional chemotherapy, or a combination of TKI and chemotherapy. Results A 7p12 deletion of IKZF1 (Ikaros) was identified in 52 (63%) of 83 patients. The pattern of deletion varied among different patients, but the two most common deletion types were loss of exons 4 to 7 in 31 (37%) of 83 patients and loss of exons 2 to 7 in 17 (20%) of 83 patients. Disease-free survival (DFS) was shorter in patients with IKZF1 deletion versus patients with IKZF1 wild type (10 v 32 months, respectively; P = .02). Furthermore, a significantly shorter cumulative incidence of relapse was recorded in patients with IKZF1 deletion versus patients with IKZF1 wild type (10.1 v 56.1 months, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the negative prognostic impact of IKZF1 deletion on DFS (P = .04). Conclusion We conclude that IKZF1 deletions are likely to be a genomic alteration that significantly affects the prognosis of Ph-positive ALL in adults.

scholarly journals Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with intensive cyclical chemotherapy: a follow-up report

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2814-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Linker ◽  
LJ Levitt ◽  
M O'Donnell ◽  
SJ Forman ◽  
CA Ries
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract We treated 109 patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed by histochemical and immunologic techniques. Patients were excluded only for age greater than 50 years and Burkitt's leukemia. Treatment included a four-drug remission induction phase followed by alternating cycles of noncrossresistant chemotherapy and prolonged oral maintenance therapy. Eighty-eight percent of patients entered complete remission. With a median follow-up of 77 months (range, 48 to 111 months), 42% +/- 6% (SEM) of patients achieving remission are projected to remain disease-free at 5 years, and disease-free survival for all patients entered on study is 35% +/- 5%. Failure to achieve remission within the first 4 weeks of therapy and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome are associated with a 100% risk of relapse. Remission patients with neither of these adverse features have a 48% +/- 6% probability of remaining in continuous remission for 5 years. Patients with T-cell phenotype have a favorable prognosis with 59% +/- 13% of patients achieving remission remaining disease-free compared with 31% +/- 7% of CALLA-positive patients. Intensive chemotherapy may produce prolonged disease-free survival in a sizable fraction of adults with ALL. Improved therapy is needed, especially for patients with adverse prognostic features.

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission: a cooperative study of the Groupe d'Etude de la Greffe de Moelle Osseuse.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bordigoni ◽  
J P Vernant ◽  
G Souillet ◽  
E Gluckman ◽  
D Marininchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

Thirty-two children ranging in age from 1.5 to 16 years with poor-prognosis acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were treated with myeloablative immunosuppressive therapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (CPM) and total body irradiation (TBI) followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) while in first complete remission (CR). The main reasons for assignment to BMT were WBC count greater than 100,000/microL, structural chromosomal abnormalities, and resistance to initial induction therapy. All children were transplanted with marrow from histocompatible siblings. Twenty-seven patients are alive in first CR for 7 to 82 months post-transplantation (median, 30 months). The actuarial disease-free survival rate is 84.4% (confidence interval, 7.2% to 29%) and the actuarial relapse rate is 3.5% (confidence interval, 0.9% to 13%). Four patients died of transplant-related complications, 16 developed low-grade acute graft-v-host disease (GVHD), and six developed chronic GVHD. The very low incidence of relapse (one of 28 long-term survivors) precluded the determination of the prognostic significance of the different poor-outcome features. Moreover, two infants treated with busulfan, CPM, and cytarabine (Ara-C) relapsed promptly in the marrow. In summary, as a means of providing long-term disease-free survival and possible cure, BMT should be considered for children with ALL presenting poor-prognostic features, particularly certain chromosomal translocations [t(4;11), t(9;22)], very high WBC counts, notably if associated with a non-T immunophenotype, and, perhaps, a poor response to initial therapy with corticosteroids (CS), or infants less than 6 months of age.

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