scholarly journals Effect of blood donation on iron stores as evaluated by serum ferritin

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Finch ◽  
JD Cook ◽  
RF Labbe ◽  
M Culala
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
First Time

Abstract Serum ferritin was measured in 2982 blood donors. First-time male donors had a geometric mean of 127 microgram/liter and female donors 46 microgram/liter. While values were essentially constant in the women between the ages of 18 and 45, there was a rapid increase in the men between 18 and 30 years of age consistent with the establishment of iron stores during that time. Blood donation was associated with a decrease in serum ferritin. One unit per year, equivalent to an increased requirement of 0.65 mg/day, halved the serum ferritin level in the male. More frequent donations were associated with further decreases. From the data obtained it would appear that male donors, while depleting their iron stores, were able to donate 2–3 U/yr without an appreciable incidence of iron deficiency. Women could donate only about half that amount, and more frequent donations were associated with a high incidence of iron deficiency and donor dropout. These data have provided information on the effect of graded amounts of iron loss through bleeding on iron balance.

scholarly journals Effect of blood donation on iron stores as evaluated by serum ferritin

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Finch ◽  
JD Cook ◽  
RF Labbe ◽  
M Culala
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
First Time

Serum ferritin was measured in 2982 blood donors. First-time male donors had a geometric mean of 127 microgram/liter and female donors 46 microgram/liter. While values were essentially constant in the women between the ages of 18 and 45, there was a rapid increase in the men between 18 and 30 years of age consistent with the establishment of iron stores during that time. Blood donation was associated with a decrease in serum ferritin. One unit per year, equivalent to an increased requirement of 0.65 mg/day, halved the serum ferritin level in the male. More frequent donations were associated with further decreases. From the data obtained it would appear that male donors, while depleting their iron stores, were able to donate 2–3 U/yr without an appreciable incidence of iron deficiency. Women could donate only about half that amount, and more frequent donations were associated with a high incidence of iron deficiency and donor dropout. These data have provided information on the effect of graded amounts of iron loss through bleeding on iron balance.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Ferritin - A Better Screening Test for Blood Donors

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Bindu Garg ◽  
Harsha Vardhan ◽  
AK De ◽  
AP Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rbc Count

Background: Haemoglobin and haematocrit estimation are the commonest methods used worldwide in Blood Banks to screen donors. In order to detect Non-anaemic iron deficient state in repeat donors, these tests are inadequate. Several studies have reported a high incidence of iron deficiency in repeat donors. Aims: The present study was undertaken to assess routine haematological parameters and body iron stores of blood donors in order to identify those who were potentially prone to develop iron deficiency anaemia. Method: Predonation haemoglobin, haemogram and serum ferritin were done in 116 male donors. These were divided into two groups on the basis of number of donations. Results: First time donors (81.07±97.12) had higher mean serum ferritin level than those in repeat donors (46.01±49.09). 10.52% of first time donors and 27.5% of repeat blood donors were found to be iron deficient as indicated by serum ferritin level <12 ng/ml. In addition a higher RBC count, reticulocyte % and lower MCV were noted in repeat donors. Conclusion: We concluded that haemoglobin estimation was not adequate to detect iron deficient non anaemic state in repeat blood donors. Serum ferritin proved to be a better investigation to detect the same and should be done in repeat donors. Iron supplementation for an adequate period post donation is recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12754 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 174-178

scholarly journals A study of serum ferritin levels among voluntary blood donors

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5322
Author(s):  
Deepa Devi G. ◽  
Arumugam P. ◽  
Swathandhran Hamsavardhini ◽  
Radhiga S. T.
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
First Time

Background: The frequent blood donations may lead on to iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. Estimation of haemoglobin and hematocrit levels alone in voluntary blood donors may not be adequate. Hence this study was taken to estimate the serum ferritin level among voluntary blood donors with different frequency of donation and compare with hemoglobin levels.Methods: A Cross sectional study consisted of 314 voluntary blood donors, they were grouped into control groups donating blood for the first time and group donating blood once, twice and thrice in a year. The red cell parameters were measured by automatic cell count analyzer and estimation of serum ferritin by ELISA method.Results: There were 88.2% males and 11.8% females. The distribution of donors on the basis of the frequency of donation per year were 50% first time, 23.9% once a year, 19.7% twice a year and 6.4% thrice a year donation. A statistically significant correlation was seen between frequency of donation and total number of life time donations and serum ferritin levels. Distribution on the basis of number of donations per year and serum ferritin <15 ng/ml in male donors were 6.9 % in first time, 19.4 % in once a year, 26.7% in twice a year and 50% in thrice year donation. Among female donors 40.7% in first time, 50% in once a year, 50% in twice a year donation had serum ferritin levels <15 ng/ml.Conclusions: In this study, there was a definite correlation between dwindling of serum Ferritin level and the frequency of donation. As a part of donor haemovigilance program, our study suggests estimation of serum ferritin level, iron supplementation and donor health education on balanced nutritious diet for at least female donors and regular male donors to maintain adequate donor pool.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Ferritin Levels in Blood Donors and its Association with Frequency of Blood Donation and Blood Indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita S Kumar ◽  
A Geetha ◽  
Jim Joe ◽  
Arun Mathew Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Blood donation is one of the most significant contributions that a person can make towards the society. A donor generally donates maximum 450 mL of blood at the time of donation. If 450 mL of blood is taken in a donation, men lose 242±17 mg and women lose 217±11 mg of iron. Hence, adequate iron stores are very important in maintenance of the donor’s health. Aim: To assess the influence of frequency of blood donation on iron levels of blood donors by estimating Haemoglobin (Hb) and other blood indices which reflect iron status of blood and serum ferritin which reflects body iron stores. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study, conducted on 150 blood donors, 18-40 years of age presenting to the Blood Bank in Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India, between December 2016 to December 2017. Total of 150 donors were divided into four groups according to the number of donations per year. Group I were the first time donors with no previous history of blood donation, Group II- included those with history of donation once in the previous year, Group III- those donors with history of donation twice in the previous year and Group IV- those having history of donation thrice in the previous year. Six ml of whole blood collected from each donor, two ml was used for estimating Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hb (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) in haematology analyser. Serum separated from remaining four mL of blood underwent ferritin analysis by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method. Iron stores were considered normal at serum ferritin value from 23.9-336ng/mL in males and 11-307ng/mL in females. Statistical analysis was performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and Pearson correlation test were used to find association between various parameters and collected data. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant correlation between serum ferritin level and frequency of blood donation. MCH, MCHC showed significant association (p-value 0.039 and 0.007, respectively) with frequency of blood donation. Low positive correlation was seen between Hb and PCV with serum ferritin levels (r=0.381, p-value <0.001 and r=0.354, p-value <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There is no significant association between frequency of blood donation and serum ferritin levels.

scholarly journals Serum ferritin and red blood cell indices in infants of diabetic mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Baki ◽  
Shahida Akhter ◽  
Jebun Nahar ◽  
Fauzia Mohsin ◽  
Shareen Khan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Background: Fetal iron stores are affected by maternal diabetes and it is lower at birth in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). Risks for developing iron deficiency and neurocognitive impairment are reported in IDMs. This study was done to assess serum ferritin and red cell indices in IDMs and to compare the values with infants born to mothers without diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at BIRDEM General Hospital from March to October, 2018. Total 102 full term neonates were included in this study. Among them 70 neonates were IDMs and 32 were infants born to mother without diabetes mellitus. Serum ferritin and red cell indices like hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW) were measured within 48 hours of birth. Comparison of red cell indices and serum ferritin level were done between IDMs and infants of non-diabetes mothers. Statistical analysis was performed by using Epi info, and p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: IDMs had significantly higher value of Hb% (19.00 vs 17.47 g/dl), PCV (57.60 vs 52.67 %) and RDW (20.09 vs17.77 %) than infant of non-diabetic mother (p <0.05). But there was no significant difference regarding the values of MCV, MCH and MCHC between IDMs and infants of non-diabetic mothers (p >0.05). Serum ferritin level was found significantly low in IDMs (94.51 vs 307.50 ng/ml, p <0.001). Conclusion: Iron stores of IDMs were found significantly lower at birth despite higher hemoglobin content, as indicated by lower serum ferritin level. Further studies and long-term follow up are needed to determine whether these infants are at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia or iron-deficient neurocognitive disorder Birdem Med J 2020; 10(3): 182-186

scholarly journals Thyroid Status in Patients with Low Serum Ferritin Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S Akhter ◽  
ZU Nahar ◽  
S Parvin ◽  
A Alam ◽  
S Sharmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Iron ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Significant Difference

Iron deficiency is the most important but preventable nutritional problem in Bangladesh. Thyroid peroxidase, an iron containing enzyme, is essential for initial two steps of thyroid hormone synthesis which is a component of tissue iron. Tissue iron diminishes early in the course of iron deficiency. So thyroid hormone level may be altered in iron deficient patients. This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from July 2006 to June 2007. This study was done to find out the changes of thyroid hormonal activity in iron deficiency.In this study 72 subjects were selected from the out-patient department of the hospital. Patients with low serum ferritin level <12 mgm/L were selected as cases (n=36) and healthy persons with normal serum ferritin level were taken as controls. Serum ferritin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were measured in all study subjects. Values were expressed as mean ± SD. Unpaired 't' test and Pearson's correlation test were performed to see the level of significance and p value <0.05 was taken as significant. Serum ferritin level in cases and controls were 6.78±4.05 mgm/L and 79.04±28.08 mgm/L respectively which showed significant difference (P<0.0001).Serum TSH concentration in cases and controls were 3.32±1.54 mIU/L and 1.89±0.86 mIU/L respectively. Serum FT4 concentration in cases and controls were 11.66±1.77 pmol/L and 13/10±1.36 pmol/L respectively and that of FT3 were 3.00±0.68 and 3.31±0.61 pmol/L respectively. All showed significant difference between groups.Serum ferritin and Serum TSH showed significant negative correlation in controls whereas in cases they showed negative correlation which was not statistically significant.Both serum FT4 and FT3 revealed positive correlation with serum ferritin but that too was not significant statistically.Though the study failed to show any significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and thyroid hormones, lower level of thyroid status in iron deficient patients suggest that it could be a reflection of disturbed activities of iron dependent enzymes such as thyroid peroxidase that impairs thyroid hormone synthesis. However, a large scale study is recommeded to establish the fact.This study showed that there was significant difference in thyroid hormonal status between iron deficient patients and normal healthy persons. Therefore it can be concluded that iron deficiency may impair normal thyroid hormone status. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v5i1.13424 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2012; 5(1): 5-11

The Effect of Repeated Blood Donations on the Iron Status of Iranian Blood Donors Attending the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Tirang R. Neyestani ◽  
Jamil Bateni ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Loss ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
Group Frequency

Objective: Blood donation leads to substantial iron loss, as about 0.5 mg iron is lost per each milliliter of blood donated. If not compensated for efficiently, the iron loss may eventually lead to anemia, though non-anemic iron deficiency per se may be problematic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood donation, and its frequency over a year’s time, on iron status of Iranian male blood donors attended blood transfusion stations of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). Design and setting: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic study was conducted. 91 male volunteer blood donors aged from 20 to 50 years attending three IBTO stations located in central areas of Tehran, and 63 apparently healthy controls that were matched for age, gender, monthly income, height, and weight, were included in the study. Blood donors were divided into 4 groups according to the frequency of blood donation per year; i.e. 1, 2, 3, and 4 with 20, 30, 26, and 15 persons in each group, respectively. Just before blood donation, 10 mL venous blood sample was taken and divided into heparinized and non-heparinized tubes for determination of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, transferrin saturation (TS), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Dietary assessment was also done using 3 different questionnaires; i.e. general health, food frequency, and 24hr recall. Results: The levels of Hb, Hct, and iron status indices were all significantly lower in the subjects than in controls and a gradual but significant decrease in iron status indices in each time of blood donation was found. Serum ferritin showed significant correlations with age (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) and body-mass index (BMI) (r = 0.26, p = 0.03) only in the control group. Frequency of blood donation per year was also inversely correlated with Hb (r = -0.67, p < 0.001), Hct (r = -0.65, p < 0.001), MCHC (r = -0.56, p < 0.001), serum ferritin (r = -0.38, p < 0.001), SI (r = -0.62, p < 0.001), and TS (r = -0.61, p < 0.001), but was directly correlated with TIBC (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Interestingly in blood donors, but not in healthy controls, serum ferritin levels showed weak but statistically significant correlations with daily intake of iron (r = 0.17, p < 0.05) and energy (r = 0.20, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Though repeated blood donations might diminish iron status, it could be safe to donate 2–3 U/year without an appreciable incidence of iron deficiency, provided that the pre-donation Hb and ferritin values are ≥ 14.7 g/dL and 58.9 μg/L, respectively. The male volunteers with Hb ≥ 14.2 g/dL and serum ferritin ≥ 57.2 μg/L could donate 1–2 U/year and those with Hb ≥ 13.1 g/dL and serum ferritin ≥ 35.3 μg/L could donate just once a year. Volunteers who undergo (repeated) blood donation should receive special nutritional care, especially in terms of iron and energy.

Comparison between Iberet Folic® and Zincofer® in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azrai Abu ◽  
Azniza Suriati Borhan ◽  
Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim ◽  
Mohd Faizal Ahmad ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the effect of Iberet Folic® and Zincofer® on haemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin level; and its adverse effect.MethodsThis randomised controlled trial conducted from January 2018 until December 2018. Pregnant women below 34 weeks of gestation, with Hb concentration less than 11 g/dL and serum ferritin level less than 12 ug/L were randomised to receive either one tablet Zincofer® or one tablet Iberet Folate® daily for four weeks. Both groups were compared in terms of effect on Hb level, serum ferritin level, and other haematological indices adverse effect related to treatment, and treatment cost.ResultsHundred and thirty patients were recruited in this study with 68 patients in Iberet Folic group and 62 patients in Zincofer group. The change in the Hb and serum ferritin level from baseline to day 30 did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The mean (±SD) change from baseline to day 30 was 2.15 (±0.59) g/dL in the Iberet Folic group, and 1.98 (±0.49) in the Zincofer (p value = 0.08). Mean serum ferritin at day 30 was 17.2 (±3.68) ug/L and 16.7 (±4.28) ug/L with 8.44 (±3.41) and 8.55 (±3.50) difference, respectively (p = 0.86). Adverse events were comparable in between groups, with p value >0.05. GI intolerance and constipation were among the common side effects, occurred in 34.6 and 29.2% cases, respectively.ConclusionsZincofer® offers equivalent efficacy and side effect profile in comparison with Iberet Folic® for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy, but with lower cost.

scholarly journals The prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia and their impact on survival in patients at a cardio-oncology clinic

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Čiburienė ◽  
J. Čelutkienė ◽  
S. Aidietienė ◽  
G. Ščerbickaitė ◽  
A. R. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Iron deficiency (ID) and anemia are common in both heart failure (HF) and cancer patients and are associated with poor quality of life and survival. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the prevalence, types, and confounding factors of ID and anemia in patients referred to cardio-oncology clinic, and (2) identify the association between iron metabolism parameters and survival of cardio-oncology patients. Methods We assessed iron, ferritin, hemoglobin concentrations, transferrin saturation (TSAT), cancer type, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), kidney function, cardiovascular risk factors and survival in 599 patients who were referred to cardio-oncology clinic from 2011 to 2017. ID was defined by a TSAT < 20%, absolute iron deficiency (AID) with a serum ferritin level < 100 μg/L while serum ferritin level of ≥ 100 μg/L was considered as functional iron deficiency (FID) and TSAT ≥ 20% was considered as no ID. Results The prevalence of ID, AID, and FID was 46, 31, and 15% of study patients, respectively. Anemia was present in approximately half (54%) of the patients with any ID. Multivariate Cox analyses showed that male gender (HR 1.704 [1.207–2.404] p = 0.002); previous cancer history (HR 1.879 [1.079–3.272] p = 0.026); elevated BNP (HR 2.126 [1.258–3.590] p = 0.005); TSAT< 20% (HR 1.721 [1.214–2.439] p = 0.002); ferritin ≥ 100 μg/L (HR 2.008 [1.088–3.706] p = 0.026); serum iron concentration < 12 μmol/L (HR 2.292 [1.614–3.255] p < 0.001); FID (HR 2.538 [1.1618–3.981] p < 0.001) and anemia (HR 2.462 [1.734–3.495] p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause death. Conclusions About half of cardio-oncology patients had anemia and iron deficiency, with the absolute type being twice as prevalent as the functional one. Patients with breast, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary cancer were affected more often. Both anemia and iron deficiency independently predicted all-cause mortality. Future studies are required to confirm ID as a risk factor and evaluate the clinical benefits of iron replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Relationship of Menstrual Patterns with Serum Ferritin Levels in Brides-to-Be in Padang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Rahmani Welan ◽  
Verty Ratna Monika ◽  
Yulistini .
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age

Background: Among the causes of high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is anemia. Iron deficiency anemia, the most common type of anemia, frequently occurs in women of childbearing age because they experience menstruation each month. To diagnose iron deficiency, serum ferritin level could be used as one of the indicators. This study aims to know whether there is an association between menstruation patterns and serum ferritin level in brides-to-be in Padang. Method: This study was conducted using an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. A Total of seventy samples of brides-to-be aged 20-30 years were gathered using a consecutive sampling technique. This study was conducted from November 2019 until April 2020. Data on menstruation patterns were collected through a questionnaire. Data of serum ferritin levels were acquired from venous blood sampling and measurement of serum ferritin levels with The Electro Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (ECLIA) method. Bivariate analysis of this study used Independent T-test. Results: This study showed sixty-eight point six percent of respondents were experiencing abnormal menstruation patterns while the mean of serum ferritin levels was normal (sixty-two point zero seven ± thirty-nine point forty-five ng/ml). The Independent T-test showed p-value = 0,921. Conclusion: There was no significant association between menstruation pattern and serum ferritin level in brides-to-be in Padang. Keywords: iron deficiency anemia, women of childbearing age, menstruation patterns, serum ferritin levels.

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