scholarly journals Endothelial cells express the interleukin-1 receptor type I

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
D Boraschi ◽  
A Rambaldi ◽  
A Sica ◽  
P Ghiara ◽  
F Colotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Myelomonocytic Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) profoundly affects a number of functions of vascular cells. Two distinct IL-1 receptors (IL-1R) are expressed on different cell types: the 80 Kd IL-1RI on T cells and fibroblasts, and the 68 Kd IL-1RII on B cells and myelomonocytic cells. The presence and functionality of IL-1R on vascular cells has been investigated by using polyomatransformed mouse endothelial cell (EC) lines (sEnd.1 and tEnd.1). These cells expressed specific and saturable binding sites for IL-1 (1,273 sites per cell with kd 9.5 x 10(-11) mol/L for sEnd.1, and 771 sites per cell with kd 8.5 x 10(-11) mol/L for tEnd.1, with radioiodinated IL-1 alpha as ligand). Binding of IL-1 was also evident at single cell level by autoradiography. By cross-linking studies, the molecular weight of the IL-1 binding protein on EC was approximately 80 Kd. This was confirmed by the presence in EC of mRNA for the 80 Kd IL- 1RI. The IL-1RI on EC was apparently functional, since EC responded to IL-1 with IL-6 mRNA expression and IL-6 bioactivity production. These results were extended to human EC and vascular smooth muscle cells, which were also found to express mRNA for IL-1RI.

scholarly journals Endothelial cells express the interleukin-1 receptor type I

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Boraschi ◽  
A Rambaldi ◽  
A Sica ◽  
P Ghiara ◽  
F Colotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Myelomonocytic Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types

Abstract Interleukin-1 (IL-1) profoundly affects a number of functions of vascular cells. Two distinct IL-1 receptors (IL-1R) are expressed on different cell types: the 80 Kd IL-1RI on T cells and fibroblasts, and the 68 Kd IL-1RII on B cells and myelomonocytic cells. The presence and functionality of IL-1R on vascular cells has been investigated by using polyomatransformed mouse endothelial cell (EC) lines (sEnd.1 and tEnd.1). These cells expressed specific and saturable binding sites for IL-1 (1,273 sites per cell with kd 9.5 x 10(-11) mol/L for sEnd.1, and 771 sites per cell with kd 8.5 x 10(-11) mol/L for tEnd.1, with radioiodinated IL-1 alpha as ligand). Binding of IL-1 was also evident at single cell level by autoradiography. By cross-linking studies, the molecular weight of the IL-1 binding protein on EC was approximately 80 Kd. This was confirmed by the presence in EC of mRNA for the 80 Kd IL- 1RI. The IL-1RI on EC was apparently functional, since EC responded to IL-1 with IL-6 mRNA expression and IL-6 bioactivity production. These results were extended to human EC and vascular smooth muscle cells, which were also found to express mRNA for IL-1RI.

scholarly journals scAPAdb: a comprehensive database of alternative polyadenylation at single-cell resolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhu ◽  
Qiwei Lian ◽  
Wenbin Ye ◽  
Wei Qin ◽  
Zhe Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Heterogeneity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Different Cell Types

Abstract Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread regulatory mechanism of transcript diversification in eukaryotes, which is increasingly recognized as an important layer for eukaryotic gene expression. Recent studies based on single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) have revealed cell-to-cell heterogeneity in APA usage and APA dynamics across different cell types in various tissues, biological processes and diseases. However, currently available APA databases were all collected from bulk 3′-seq and/or RNA-seq data, and no existing database has provided APA information at single-cell resolution. Here, we present a user-friendly database called scAPAdb (http://www.bmibig.cn/scAPAdb), which provides a comprehensive and manually curated atlas of poly(A) sites, APA events and poly(A) signals at the single-cell level. Currently, scAPAdb collects APA information from > 360 scRNA-seq experiments, covering six species including human, mouse and several other plant species. scAPAdb also provides batch download of data, and users can query the database through a variety of keywords such as gene identifier, gene function and accession number. scAPAdb would be a valuable and extendable resource for the study of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in APA isoform usages and APA-mediated gene regulation at the single-cell level under diverse cell types, tissues and species.

scholarly journals Unfolding and identification of membrane proteins from native cell membranes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Galvanetto ◽  
Sourav Maity ◽  
Nina Ilieva ◽  
Zhongjie Ye ◽  
Alessandro Laio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Native Cell ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractIs the mechanical unfolding of proteins just a technological feat applicable only to synthetic preparations or can it provide useful information even for real biological samples? Here, we describe a pipeline for analyzing native membranes based on high throughput single-molecule force spectroscopy. The protocol includes a technique for the isolation of the plasma membrane of single cells. Afterwards, one harvests hundreds of thousands SMSF traces from the sample. Finally, one characterizes and identifies the embedded membrane proteins. This latter step is the cornerstone of our approach and involves combining, within a Bayesian framework, the information of the shape of the SMFS Force-distance which are observed more frequently, with the information from Mass Spectrometry and from proteomic databases (Uniprot, PDB). We applied this method to four cell types where we classified the unfolding of 5-10% of their total content of membrane proteins. The ability to mechanically probe membrane proteins directly in their native membrane enables the phenotyping of different cell types with almost single-cell level of resolution.

scholarly journals Visualization of phage DNA degradation by a type I CRISPR-Cas system at the single-cell level

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Guan ◽  
Xu Shi ◽  
Roberto Burgos ◽  
Lanying Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Phage Dna

scholarly journals Single-cell transcriptomic analysis elucidates APOE genotype specific changes across cell types in two brain regions in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Belonwu ◽  
Yaqiao Li ◽  
Daniel Bunis ◽  
Arjun Arkal Rao ◽  
Caroline Warly Solsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Single Nucleus

Abstract Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that gravely affects patients and imposes an immense burden on caregivers. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) has been identified as the most common genetic risk factor for AD, yet the molecular mechanisms connecting APOE4 to AD are not well understood. Past transcriptomic analyses in AD have revealed APOE genotype-specific transcriptomic differences; however, these differences have not been explored at a single-cell level. Here, we leverage the first two single-nucleus RNA sequencing AD datasets from human brain samples, including nearly 55,000 cells from the prefrontal and entorhinal cortices. We observed more global transcriptomic changes in APOE4 positive AD cells and identified differences across APOE genotypes primarily in glial cell types. Our findings highlight the differential transcriptomic perturbations of APOE isoforms at a single-cell level in AD pathogenesis and have implications for precision medicine development in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Separate cis-acting DNA elements of the mouse pro-alpha 1(I) collagen promoter direct expression of reporter genes to different type I collagen-producing cells in transgenic mice.

1995 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rossert ◽  
H Eberspaecher ◽  
B de Crombrugghe
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Level Expression ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

The genes coding for the two type I collagen chains, which are active selectively in osteoblasts, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and some mesenchymal cells, constitute good models for studying the mechanisms responsible for the cell-specific activity of genes which are expressed in a small number of discrete cell types. To test whether separate genetic elements could direct the activity of the mouse pro-alpha 1(I) collagen gene to different cell types in which it is expressed, transgenic mice were generated harboring various fragments of the proximal promoter of this gene cloned upstream of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene. During embryonic development, X-gal staining allows for the precise identification of the different cell types in which the beta-galactosidase gene is active. Transgenic mice harboring 900 bp of the pro-alpha 1(I) proximal promoter expressed the transgene at relatively low levels almost exclusively in skin. In mice containing 2.3 kb of this proximal promoter, the transgene was also expressed at high levels in osteoblasts and odontoblasts, but not in other type I collagen-producing cells. Transgenic mice harboring 3.2 kb of the proximal promoter showed an additional high level expression of the transgene in tendon and fascia fibroblasts. The pattern of expression of the lacZ transgene directed by the 0.9- and 2.3-kb pro-alpha 1(I) proximal promoters was confirmed by using the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter gene. The pattern of expression of this transgene, which can be detected even when it is active at very low levels, paralleled that of the beta-galactosidase gene. These data strongly suggest a modular arrangement of separate cell-specific cis-acting elements that can activate the mouse pro-alpha(I) collagen gene in different type I collagen-producing cells. At least three different types of cell-specific elements would be located in the first 3.2 kb of the promoter: (a) an element that confers low level expression in dermal fibroblasts; (b) a second that mediates high level expression in osteoblasts and odontoblasts; and (c) one responsible for high level expression in tendon and fascia fibroblasts. Our data also imply that other cis-acting cell-specific elements which direct activity of the gene to still other type I collagen-producing cells remain to be identified.

scholarly journals In situelectro-sequencing in three-dimensional tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Zuwan Lin ◽  
Ren Liu ◽  
Xin Tang ◽  
Jiahao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Cell Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Gene

AbstractPairwise mapping of single-cell gene expression and electrophysiology in intact three-dimensional (3D) tissues is crucial for studying electrogenic organs (e.g., brain and heart)1–5. Here, we introducein situelectro-sequencing (electro-seq), combining soft bioelectronics within situRNA sequencing to stably map millisecond-timescale cellular electrophysiology and simultaneously profile a large number of genes at single-cell level across 3D tissues. We appliedin situelectro-seq to 3D human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) patches, precisely registering the CM gene expression with electrophysiology at single-cell level, enabling multimodalin situanalysis. Such multimodal data integration substantially improved the dissection of cell types and the reconstruction of developmental trajectory from spatially heterogeneous tissues. Using machine learning (ML)-based cross-modal analysis,in situelectro-seq identified the gene-to-electrophysiology relationship over the time course of cardiac maturation. Further leveraging such a relationship to train a coupled autoencoder, we demonstrated the prediction of single-cell gene expression profile evolution using long-term electrical measurement from the same cardiac patch or 3D millimeter-scale cardiac organoids. As exemplified by cardiac tissue maturation,in situelectro-seq will be broadly applicable to create spatiotemporal multimodal maps and predictive models in electrogenic organs, allowing discovery of cell types and gene programs responsible for electrophysiological function and dysfunction.

scholarly journals Single Cell Gene Transcriptome Analysis of Ovarian Mature Teratomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Shin ◽  
Youn Jin Choi ◽  
Seung-Hyun Jung ◽  
Yeun-Jun Chung ◽  
Sug Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Gene

Teratoma is a type of germ cell tumor that originates from totipotential germ cells that are present in gonads, which can differentiate into any of the cell types found in adult tissues. Ovarian teratomas are usually mature cystic teratomas (OMCTs, also known as dermoid cysts). Chromosome studies in OMCTs show that the chromosomes are uniformly homozygous with karyotype of 46, XX, indicating that they may be parthenogenic tumors that arise from a single ovum after thefirst meiotic division. However, the tissues in OMCTs have been known to be morphologically and immunophenotypically identical to the orthotopic tissues. Currently, expression profiles of tissue components in OMCTs are not known. To identify whether OMCT tissues are expressionally similar to or different from the orthotopic tissues, we adopted single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and analyzed transcriptomes of individual cells in heterogenous tissues of two OMCTs. We found that transcriptome profiles of the OMCTs at single cell level were not significantly different from those of normal cells in orthotopic locations. The present data suggest that parthenogeneticlly altered OMCTs may not alter expression profiles of inrivirual tissue components in OMCTs.

Computer Reconstructions of Normal Human Alveoli From Serial Sections

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Saundra C. Parra ◽  
Ricky Burnette ◽  
Timothy Takaro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Random Sections ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Matrix

Portions of two adjacent normal human alveoli were reconstructed from serial sections in order to examine normal alveolar organization, including anatomical relationships among the different cell types, the connective tissue matrix and gaps in the alveolar septum. Computer reconstructions were prepared from montaged electron micrographs of serial sections. Rotation of these reconstructions in the x, y or z axes allowed examination of the alveoli from many different aspects other than the actual plane of sectioning. Anatomical relationships “between Type I and Type II epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and pores of Kohn that could not he deduced from a single plane of the section (random sections) were revealed.

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