scholarly journals Primary lung neoplasms presenting as multiple synchronous lung nodules

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (157) ◽  
pp. 190142
Author(s):  
Subha Ghosh ◽  
Atul C. Mehta ◽  
Sami Abuquyyas ◽  
Shine Raju ◽  
Carol Farver
Keyword(s):  
Lung Neoplasms ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Nodules ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Bilateral Lung ◽  
Diagnostic Work

Multiple synchronous lung nodules are frequently encountered on computed tomography (CT) scanning of the chest and are most commonly either non-neoplastic or metastases from a known primary malignancy. The finding may initiate a search for primary malignancy elsewhere in the body. An exception to this rule, however, is a class of rare primary lung neoplasms that originate from epithelial (pneumocytes and neuroendocrine), mesenchymal (vascular and meningothelial) and lymphoid tissues of the lung. While these rare neoplasms also present as multiple synchronous unilateral or bilateral lung nodules on chest CT, they are often overlooked in favour of more common causes of multiple lung nodules. The correct diagnosis may be suggested by a multidisciplinary team and established on biopsy, performed either as part of routine diagnostic work-up or staging for malignancy. In this review, we discuss clinical presentations, imaging features, pathology findings and subsequent management of these rare primary neoplasms of the lung.

scholarly journals A Clinical Analysis of Pharyngeal Bronchogenic Cysts in the Pharynx of Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xu ◽  
Fugen Han ◽  
Dongjie Seng ◽  
Lan Jiang ◽  
Shengcai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bronchogenic Cysts

Objective: This study was designed to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of pharyngeal bronchogenic cysts in children to help in making the correct diagnosis and developing an appropriate treatment plan.Methods: The clinical data of 13 children with bronchogenic cysts in the pharynx, who were treated in otolaryngology head and neck surgery department between September 2013 and July 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics were evaluated, and the related factors for diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Clinical characteristics and imaging features of three cases whose lesions located in the nasopharyngeal, oropharynx, and laryngopharyngeal were demonstrated.Results: All 13 children were male, the youngest being 4 days old, the oldest 6 years and 6 months, and the median age being 1 year and 4 months. Eight patients were diagnosed during a physical examination, and five patients visited the doctor with different degrees of upper airway obstruction. The mass was located in the nasopharynx in one patient, in the oropharynx in eight patients, and in the laryngopharynx in the other four patients. Computed tomography (CT) scanning, which is helpful for a topical diagnosis, showed a dense homogeneous mass. Electronic nasopharyngoscopy showed cystic masses of different sizes in the pharynx. All the children underwent cyst resection under general anesthesia, and the postoperative pathology result was a bronchogenic cyst. One child was lost to follow-up, but the remaining 12 children were followed up for between 6 months and 6 years, during which no recurrence of a cyst was found.Conclusion: Bronchogenic cysts are a rare cyst of the head and neck, and the most common site of the cyst is the oropharynx. The impact on airway obstruction depends on the location and size of the cyst. CT scanning is of great significance for diagnosis. Surgical treatment should be carried out as soon as possible after diagnosis, as surgery is the most effective way to treat bronchogenic cysts. Follow-ups should be carried out regularly to prevent cyst recurrence.

scholarly journals Arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Grainger ◽  
Charles S. Resnik
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conventional Radiograph ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Hands And Feet

AbstractImaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of joint disease. However, to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of a patient’s arthritis, consideration must be given to the clinical information available as well as to the imaging features of the disease. The pattern of joint involvement in each case is particularly important, with consideration of the number of joints involved, whether or not the joints are affected symmetrically on both sides of the body, and which specific joints are affected. In cases of peripheral arthritis involving the small joints of the hands and feet, the distribution of joint disease detected on the radiograph is often as important in making the correct diagnosis as the radiographic features of the disease.While cross-sectional imaging modalities have an important role to play, the conventional radiograph remains fundamental to the diagnosis of joint disease and is commonly the first imaging investigation undertaken.

scholarly journals Histiocytic Sarcoma: Challenging Course, Dismal Outcome

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Kim Francis Andersen ◽  
Lene Dissing Sjö ◽  
Peter Kampmann ◽  
Torben Bridstrup Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Standardized Treatment ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Work Up

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare hematopoietic neoplasm derived from non-Langerhans histiocytic cells of the monocyte/macrophage system. With an incidence of 0.17/million individuals and a slight male preference, HS presents with a wide age distribution. Most commonly, it occurs as a primary malignancy. In approximately 25% of the cases a presumed transdifferentiation of a preexisting hematolymphoid disorder can be demonstrated. The clinical presentation varies from a localized solitary mass to severe disseminated disease often with extranodal involvement including skin, soft tissue, the gastrointestinal tract and the hematopoietic system. Systemic symptoms in terms of weight loss, fever and night sweats often occur. The diagnostic work-up of HS is extremely challenging due to the rarity of the disease as well as a wide differential diagnosis in terms of a histologic overlap with diverse mimics. No standardized treatment for HS exists and especially in a disseminated disease the clinical course is overly aggressive with a dismal outcome. The median overall survival from the time of diagnosis is approximately six months. We report a 43-year-old previously healthy Caucasian male admitted to our hospitals with abdominal pain and a feeling of fatigue. We demonstrate both the challenges of a correct diagnosis and an effective treatment as well as the aggressive nature of histiocytic sarcoma.

Ultrastructural diagnosis of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
S. Siew
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Abdominal Discomfort ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Peritoneal Implant ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasia

Mesothelial cells constitute the lining of the three serous sacs of the body i.e. the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. The more common type of malignant neoplasia of the serous sacs is seeding by metastatic tumors and primary malignancy of the mesothelium is unusual. Of the three sacs, the pleura is the most common site of malignant mesothelioma. Involvement of the peritoneum is extremely rare.We report 3 cases of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum. All of them were female. Their ages were 57, 67 and 72 years, respectively. The patients presented with abdominal discomfort and/or ascites. The extent of the tumors ranged from a peritoneal implant to widespread infiltration of the peritoneum and omentum. Histologic examination in Case 1 showed the presence of a diffusely infiltrating papillary mesothelioma without a sarcomatoid component. A mesodermal element was present in the other two cases. In order to establish a morphological diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, the possibility has to be excluded of a metastatic adenocarcinoma.

PEMBELAJARAN SIMULASI PENCITRAAN CT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PRINSIP REKONSTRUKSI CITRA DALAM SOFTWARE MATLAB

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Samuel Gideon
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Image Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Imaging Algorithms

This research was conducted as a learning alternatives for study of CT (computed tomograpghy) imaging using image reconstruction technique which are inversion matrix, back projection and filtered back projection. CT imaging can produce images of objects that do not overlap. Objects more easily distinguishable although given the relatively low contrast. The image is generated on CT imaging is the result of reconstruction of the original object. Matlab allows us to create and write imaging algorithms easily, easy to undersand and gives applied and exciting other imaging features. In this study, an example cross-sectional image recon-struction performed on the body of prostate tumors using. With these methods, medical prac-titioner (such as oncology clinician, radiographer and medical physicist) allows to simulate the reconstruction of CT images which almost resembles the actual CT visualization techniques.Keywords : computed tomography (CT), image reconstruction, Matlab

EXPRESSION OF SOME IMMUNOLOGIC MARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SUSPECTED LYMPHOID LESIONS OF LYMPHOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Mao Nguyen Van ◽  
Thao Le Thi Thu
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunologic Markers ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Poor Differentiation ◽  
Benign Tumours

Background: In practice it was difficult or impossible to have a correct diagnosis for the lymphoid proliferation lesions based on only H.E standard histopathology. In addition to histopathology, the application of immunohistochemistry was indispensable for the definitive diagnosis of the malignant or benign tumours and the origin of the tumour cells as well. Objectives: 1. To describe the gross and microscopic features of the suspected lesions of lymphoma; 2. To asses the expression of some immunologic markers for the diagnosis and classification of the suspected lesions of lymphoma. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional research on 81 patients diagnosed by histopathology as lymphomas or suspected lesions of lymphoma, following with immunohistopathology staining of 6 main markers including LCA, CD3, CD20, Bcl2, CD30 and AE1/3. Results: The most site was lymph node 58.1% which appeared at cervical region 72.3%, then the stomach 14.9% and small intestine 12.4%. The other sites in the body were met with lower frequency. Histopathologically, the most type of the lesions was atypical hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue suspecting the lymphomas 49.4%, lymphomas 34.5%, the other diagnoses were lower including inflammation, poor differentiation carcinoam not excluding the lymphomas, lymphomas differentiating with poor differentiation carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry showed that, LCA, CD3, CD20, Bcl2, CD30 and AE1/3 were all positive depending on such type of tumours. The real lymphomas were 48/81 cases (59.3%), benign ones 35.8% and poor differentiated carcinomas 4.9%. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry with 6 markers could help to diagnose correctly as benign or malignant lesions, classify and determine the origin of the tumour cells as lymphocytes or epithelial cells diagnosed by histopathology as lymphomas or suspected lesions of lymphomas. Key words: histopathology, immunohistochemistry, lymphomas, poor differentiated carcinomas, hyperplasia, atypicality

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Uncommon Hepatic Mesenchymal Tumours: Haemangioendothelioma and Angiosarcoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cieszanowski ◽  
Agnieszka Anysz-Grodzicka ◽  
Joanna Podgorska ◽  
Beata Jagielska ◽  
Jakub Pałucki
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Hepatobiliary Phase ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Aged Woman ◽  
High Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumours

<P>Background: Primary Hepatic Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma (HEHE) and Primary Hepatic Angiosarcoma (PHA) are rare mesenchymal tumours with different malignant potential. Whereas HEHE demonstrates low to intermediate malignant potential, PHA is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. The knowledge of typical imaging features of these lesions may facilitate correct diagnosis; however, the ultimate diagnosis of HEHE and PHA is based on histopathologic examination. </P><P> Discussion: The most typical findings helpful in diagnosing HEHE are: Presence of multiple, confluent nodules located at the liver periphery (in young to middle-aged woman), retraction of the liver capsule, marked hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, “target-sign” appearance, progressive centripetal contrast enhancement, and relatively high Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values. More than &#8805;50% of nodules are hyper- or isointense on Hepatobiliary Phase (HBP) images. Conclusion: The imaging features suggestive of PHA are: Occurrence of metastases (lungs, spleen) at the time of diagnosis, presence of a large dominant mass with smaller satellites, heterogeneity and areas of haemorrhage in a dominant mass, progressive contrast enhancement, slightly elevated ADC values as compared to other malignant liver tumours.</P>

scholarly journals Congenital Craniofacial Plexiform Neurofibroma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Antonella Cacchione ◽  
Alessia Carboni ◽  
Mariachiara Lodi ◽  
Rita De Vito ◽  
Andrea Carai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Plexiform Neurofibroma ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Radiological Methods

We present a case demonstrating the performance of different radiographical imaging modalities in the diagnostic work-up of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibroma (PN). The newborn boy showed an expansive-infiltrative cervical and facial mass presented with macrocrania, craniofacial disfigurement, exophthalmos and glaucoma. A computer tomography (CT) and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. The CT was fundamental to evaluate the bone dysmorphisms and the MRI was crucial to estimate the mass extension. The biopsy of the lesion confirmed the suspicion of PN, thus allowing the diagnosis of NF1. PN is a variant of neurofibromas, a peripheral nerves sheath tumor typically associated with NF1. Even through currently available improved detection techniques, NF1 diagnosis at birth remains a challenge due to a lack of pathognomonic signs; therefore congenital PN are recognized in 20% of cases. This case highlights the importance of using different radiological methods both for the correct diagnosis and the follow-up of the patient with PN. Thanks to MRI evaluation, it was possible to identify earlier the progressive increasing size of the PN and the possible life threatening evolution in order to perform a tracheostomy to avoid airways compression.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus as a Possible Reversible Cause of Dementia, Neuroimaging Findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S629-S630 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zacharzewska-Gondek ◽  
T. Gondek ◽  
M. Sąsiadek ◽  
J. Bladowska
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Central Brain ◽  
Flow Void ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

IntroductionNormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) occurs in 0.5% of persons over 65 years old. The etiology of NPH is still unknown. Clinically NPH is characterised by cognitive deterioration, gait impairment and urinary incontinence. NPH is a possible reversible cause of dementia. Neuroimaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow to assess typical brain changes in this disorder.The objectives are to present the typical findings of NPH on CT and MRI and to demonstrate differences between NPH and central brain atrophy in neuroimaging.ResultsThe imaging features of NPH include: supratentorial ventriculomegaly with callosal angle less than 90o, tight sulci at the vertex and considerable out of proportion enlargement of Sylvian fissures. In case of central brain atrophy there may be a predominance of ventriculomegaly and/or widened sulci without crowding of the gyri at the vertex and callosal angle greater than 90o. In both entities, the decrease of density in periventricular region may be seen: in NPH could be a sign of transependymal oedema or in brain atrophy as an accompanying leukoaraiosis. Additionally, it is possible to assess changes in flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on MRI: in NPH an increased pulsatile CSF circulation in aqueduct as flow void sign may be observed.ConclusionsCorrect diagnosis of NPH on CT or MRI in relation to clinical data is very important. Treatment with ventriculoperitoneal shunt or third ventriculostomy may partially improve the quality of life in some patients with cognitive impairment due to NPH.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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