scholarly journals Chronic airflow obstruction after successful treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 00026-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Byrne ◽  
Ben J. Marais ◽  
Carole D. Mitnick ◽  
Frances L. Garden ◽  
Leonid Lecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Mdr Tb

Cross-sectional studies reveal an association between tuberculosis (TB) and chronic airflow obstruction, but cannot adequately address confounding. We hypothesised that treated pulmonary TB is an independent risk factor for chronic airflow obstruction.The Pulmones Post TB cohort study enrolled participants from Lima, Peru, aged 10–70 years with a history of drug-susceptible (DS)- or multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB who had completed treatment and were clinically cured. Unexposed participants without TB were randomly selected from the same districts. We assessed respiratory symptoms, relevant environmental exposures, and spirometric lung function pre- and post-bronchodilator.In total, 144 participants with DS-TB, 33 with MDR-TB and 161 unexposed participants were fully evaluated. Compared with unexposed participants, MDR-TB patients had lower lung volumes (adjusted mean difference in forced vital capacity −370 mL, 95% CI −644– −97) and post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.27–18.78). Participants who had recovered from DS-TB did not have lower lung volumes than unexposed participants, but were more likely to have a reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio <0.70 (adjusted OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.01–6.03).Individuals successfully treated for TB may experience long-lasting sequelae. Interventions facilitating earlier TB treatment and management of chronic respiratory disease should be explored.

A comparison of lung volumes between divers and submariners in the Royal Navy

1984 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
G. M. Clifford ◽  
D. J. Smith ◽  
Cardine S. M. Searing
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Job Classification ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Expected Values

SummaryA comparison of spirometric values in divers and submariners of the Royal Navy and their physical characteristics was undertaken. Four hundred and twenty-two subjects were included in the study, of whom 192 were divers and 230 submariners. Measurements of forced vital capacity (FYC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEY1) and FEY1/FYC ratio were made using a single breath wedge spirometer (YitalographR). The data was analysed by multiple linear regression and analysis of variance. FYC and FEY1 increased with height and decreased with age though inclusion of a quadratic age term showed that the decline with age did not begin until the mid-thirties, casting doubt on the validity of predictive equations which assume a linear decrease from age 25. The divers had significantly larger lung volumes than the submariners though in the former this did not correlate with either experience or job classification. The FEY1/FYC ratio declined with age in both groups. It was also shown that those individuals with a large FYC tend to have a relatively lower FEY1/FYC ratio than those with small FYCs. Predictive equations for both divers and submariners were calculated which are more appropriate for determining expected values for the two groups than hose currently in use.

scholarly journals The association between chronic airflow obstruction and poverty in 12 sites of the multinational BOLD study

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601880 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Townend ◽  
Cosetta Minelli ◽  
Kevin Mortimer ◽  
Daniel O. Obaseki ◽  
Mohammed Al Ghobain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

Poverty is strongly associated with mortality from COPD, but little is known of its relation to airflow obstruction.In a cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥40 years from 12 sites (N=9255), participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, poverty was evaluated using a wealth score (0–10) based on household assets. Obstruction, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (%) after administration of 200 μg salbutamol, and prevalence of FEV1/FVC<lower limit of normal were tested for association with poverty for each site, and the results were combined by meta-analysis.Mean wealth scores ranged from 4 in Blantyre (Malawi) and Kashmir (India) to 10 in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), and the prevalence of obstruction, from 16% in Kashmir to 3% in Riyadh and Penang (Malaysia). Following adjustments for age and sex, FEV1/FVC increased by 0.36% (absolute change) (95%CI: 0.22, 0.49; p<0.001) per unit increase in wealth score. Adjustments for other confounders reduced this effect to 0.23% (0.11, 0.34), but even this value remained highly significant (p<0.001). Results were consistent across sites (I2=1%; phet=0.44). Mean wealth scores explained 38% of the variation in mean FEV1/FVC between sites (r2=0.385, p=0.031).Airflow obstruction is consistently associated with poverty at individual and community levels across several countries.

scholarly journals Low Vital Capacity and Electrocardiographic ST-T Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Nakajima ◽  
Yulan Li ◽  
Hiroshi Fuchigami ◽  
Hiromi Munakata
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Past History ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Cross Sectional

Studies have shown that low forced vital capacity (LFVC) is associated with atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether LFVC is associated with resting electrocardiographic ST-T abnormalities, a common finding that is prognostic for cardiovascular events. Therefore, pulmonary functions, ST-T abnormalities defined with Minnesota Code, and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined in a cross-sectional study of 1,653 asymptomatic adults without past history of coronary heart diseases. The prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and ST-T abnormalities significantly increased with decreasing percent of predicted forced vital capacity (%PFVC). ST-T abnormalities were observed in 73 subjects (4.4% in total). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the highest quartile of %PFVC (≥99.7%), the lowest quartile of %PFVC (≤84.2%) was persistently associated with ST-T abnormalities even after further adjustment for diabetes or metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (95%CI): 2.44 (1.16–5.14) and 2.42 (1.15–5.10), resp.). Similar trends were observed when subjects were divided into quartiles according to percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), but not the ratio of FEV1/FVC. In conclusion, LFVC may be associated with ST-T abnormalities independent of metabolic abnormalities in asymptomatic adults, suggesting a plausible link between impaired pulmonary defects and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Validity of a Portable Spirometer in the Communities of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Xiao ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Zihui Wang ◽  
Jianmin Chen ◽  
Huajing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Interclass Correlation

Abstract Background: The lack of simple and affordable spirometry has led to the missed and delayed diagnoses of chronic respiratory diseases in communities. The PUS201P is a portable spirometry developed to solve this problem.Objective: We aimed to verify the consistency of the PUS201P spirometer with conventional Jaeger spirometer.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we randomly recruited 202 subjects aged ＞40 years. Testing with the portable spirometry and conventional spirometry were performed on all participants. We compared forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC measured by the PUS201P device with the conventional spirometer. Pearson correlation coefficient and Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were assessed to confirm the consistency of the measures from two instruments. Bland–Altman graph was created to assess the agreement of the measures from two devices.Results: 202 participants were included in this study. The ICC on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC measured by the portable spirometer and the conventional spirometer were 0.95[95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94-0.96], 0.92(95%CI: 0.90-0.94), 0.93(95%CI: 0.91-0.95), respectively. The Bland-Altman plots showed that the mean difference between the measures from two spirometers are always located in the 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Conclusions: Our results support that the measures from the portable spirometer and the conventional spirometer have a good agreement and reproducibility. And the portable spirometer is a reliable tool to screen and diagnose chronic airway diseases in the primary care settings.

scholarly journals Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
André F.S. Amaral ◽  
David P. Strachan ◽  
Francisco Gómez Real ◽  
Peter G.J. Burney ◽  
Deborah L. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

Little is known about the effect of cessation of menstruation on lung function. The aims of the study were to examine the association of lung function with natural and surgical cessation of menstruation, and assess whether lower lung function is associated with earlier age at cessation of menstruation.The study was performed in 141 076 women from the UK Biobank, who had provided acceptable and reproducible spirometry measurements and information on menstrual status. The associations of lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), spirometric restriction (FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN)), airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC <LLN)) with cessation of menstruation and age at cessation of menstruation were assessed using regression analysis.Women who had natural cessation of menstruation showed a lower FVC (−42 mL; 95% CI −53– −30) and FEV1 (−34 mL; 95% CI −43– −24) and higher risk of spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.18–1.37) than women still menstruating. These associations were stronger in women who had had a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. The earlier the natural cessation of menstruation, the lower the lung function. There was no clear association of lung function with age at hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. Airflow obstruction was not associated with cessation of menstruation.Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation, especially if it occurs early in life.

Maximal Expiratory Flow and Lung Volume Changes Associated with Exercise-Induced Asthma in Children and the Effect of Breathing a Low-Density Gas Mixture

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Benatar ◽  
P. König
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Expiratory Flow

1. Lung volumes and maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves were measured before and after exercise and after a bronchodilator in eight asthmatic children. 2. Exercise produced significant changes in all volumes and flow rates measured, but the most sensitive measurement was of flow rate at an absolute volume in the terminal portion of the forced vital capacity. Of the more simply obtained measurements maximal flow at 50% of the exhaled vital capacity was the most sensitive, but reductions in forced expiratory volume at 1 s and peak flow rate were almost as marked. 3. The marked reductions in flow rates at low lung volumes after exercise were accompanied by large increases in residual volume and a reduction in the slope of the MEFV curve. These changes suggest functional closure of some lung units and an increase in the time-constant of emptying of other units. 4. The response of flow to breathing helium—oxygen (79:21, v/v) was assessed in the dilated state (before exercise or after bronchodilator) and the constricted state (after exercise) in five of the subjects. 5. An increase in density-dependence of flow rates at all lung volumes during constriction is evidence that, despite the reduction in flow rates, convective acceleration and turbulent flow constitute a greater proportion of the total upstream resistance after exercise than before exercise. The implication is that the cross-sectional area at equal pressure points (EPP) is smaller after exercise than before exercise. This could result from either bronchoconstriction with no change in the location of EPP, or from progression of the EPP further upstream to a region where loss of airways or reduction in their diameter has rendered the total cross-sectional area considerably smaller than under normal circumstances.

Forced expirations and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves during sustained microgravity on SLS-1

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Elliott ◽  
G. K. Prisk ◽  
H. J. Guy ◽  
J. M. Kosonen ◽  
J. B. West
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Supine Posture ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Gravity is known to influence the mechanical behavior of the lung and chest wall. However, the effect of sustained microgravity (microG) on forced expirations has not previously been reported. Tests were carried out by four subjects in both the standing and supine postures during each of seven preflight and four postflight data-collection sessions and four times during the 9 days of microG exposure on Spacelab Life Sciences-1. Compared with preflight standing values, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was significantly reduced by 12.5% on flight day 2 (FD2), 11.6% on FD4, and 5.0% on FD5 but returned to standing values by FD9. The supine posture caused a 9% reduction in PEFR. Forced vital capacity and forced expired volume in 1 s were slightly reduced (approximately 3-4%) on FD2 but returned to preflight standing values on FD4 and FD5, and by FD9 both values were slightly but significantly greater than standing values. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were both reduced in the supine posture (approximately 8-10%). Forced expiratory flows at 50% and between 25 and 75% of vital capacity did not change during microG but were reduced in the supine posture. Analysis of the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve showed that microG caused no consistent change in the curve configuration when individual in-flight days were compared with preflight standing curves, although two subjects did show a slight reduction in flows at low lung volumes from FD2 to FD9. The interpretation of the lack of change in curve configuration must be made cautiously because the lung volumes varied from day to day in flight. Therefore, the flows at absolute lung volumes in microG and preflight standing are not being compared. The supine curves showed a subtle but consistent reduction in flows at low lung volumes. The mechanism responsible for the reduction in PEFR is not clear. It could be due to a lack of physical stabilization when performing the maneuver in the absence of gravity or a transient reduction in respiratory muscle strength.

Prevalence of airflow obstruction and reduced forced vital capacity in an Aboriginal Australian population: The cross-sectional BOLD study

Respirology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathania A.J.B. Cooksley ◽  
David Atkinson ◽  
Guy B. Marks ◽  
Brett G. Toelle ◽  
David Reeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Effects of rapid saline infusion on lung mechanics and airway responsiveness in humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Pellegrino ◽  
Raffaele Dellacà ◽  
Peter T. Macklem ◽  
Andrea Aliverti ◽  
Stefania Bertini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Residual Capacity

Lung mechanics and airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) were studied in seven volunteers before and after a 20-min intravenous infusion of saline. Data were compared with those of a time point-matched control study. The following parameters were measured: 1-s forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, flows at 40% of control forced vital capacity on maximal (V̇m40) and partial (V̇p40) forced expiratory maneuvers, lung volumes, lung elastic recoil, lung resistance (Rl), dynamic elastance (Edyn), and within-breath resistance of respiratory system (Rrs). Rl and Edyn were measured during tidal breathing before and for 2 min after a deep inhalation and also at different lung volumes above and below functional residual capacity. Rrs was measured at functional residual capacity and at total lung capacity. Before MCh, saline infusion caused significant decrements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s, V̇m40, and V̇p40, but insignificantly affected lung volumes, elastic recoil, Rl, Edyn, and Rrs at any lung volume. Furthermore, saline infusion was associated with an increased response to MCh, which was not associated with significant changes in the ratio of V̇m40 to V̇p40. In conclusion, mild airflow obstruction and enhanced airway responsiveness were observed after saline, but this was not apparently due to altered elastic properties of the lung or inability of the airways to dilate with deep inhalation. It is speculated that it was likely the result of airway wall edema encroaching on the bronchial lumen.

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