scholarly journals Estimating the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness in the community in Gansu Province, northwest China, 2012–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Lai Sang ◽  
Xiao-Cheng Liang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jian-Dong Li ◽  
Jing-Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu Province, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
Ming-Yang Yin ◽  
Guang-Yao Song ◽  
Qi-Dong Tan ◽  
Jin-Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract Background Little information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwest China is available. Therefore, the objective of the study was to quantify faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and coccidia) in free-range yaks from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Results Parasites were detected in 290 of 733 (39.56%) faecal samples. The results showed that Strongylidae, Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected all year round, Strongyloides papillosus was detected in autumn and summer, and Nematodirus spp. was detected in both autumn and spring. In contrast, Fasciola spp. was only detected in spring. The prevalence rates of parasitic infections in different seasons were significantly different. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu, China. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, specifically GN infections, in yaks in GTAP and these infections can cause economic losses to the local cattle industry.

scholarly journals Viruses in Nondisinfected Drinking Water from Municipal Wells and Community Incidence of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Borchardt ◽  
Susan K. Spencer ◽  
Burney A. Kieke ◽  
Elisabetta Lambertini ◽  
Frank J. Loge
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness

Acute gastrointestinal illness following a prolonged community-wide water emergency

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 2766-2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. GARGANO ◽  
A. L. FREELAND ◽  
M. A. MORRISON ◽  
K. STEVENS ◽  
L. ZAJAC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness

SUMMARYThe drinking water infrastructure in the United States is ageing; extreme weather events place additional stress on water systems that can lead to interruptions in the delivery of safe drinking water. We investigated the association between household exposures to water service problems and acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) and acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Alabama communities that experienced a freeze-related community-wide water emergency. Following the water emergency, investigators conducted a household survey. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for self-reported AGI and ARI by water exposures. AGI was higher in households that lost water service for ⩾7 days (aPR 2·4, 95% CI 1·1–5·2) and experienced low water pressure for ⩾7 days (aPR 3·6, 95% CI 1·4–9·0) compared to households that experienced normal service and pressure; prevalence of AGI increased with increasing duration of water service interruptions. Investments in the ageing drinking water infrastructure are needed to prevent future low-pressure events and to maintain uninterrupted access to the fundamental public health protection provided by safe water supplies. Households and communities need to increase their awareness of and preparedness for water emergencies to mitigate adverse health impacts.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors ofChlamydia abortusInfection in Tibetan Sheep in Gansu Province, Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
Ming-Yang Yin ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
Dong-Hui Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Xuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Different Seasons

Chlamydia abortus, an important pathogen in a variety of animals, is associated with abortion in sheep. In the present study, 1732 blood samples, collected from Tibetan sheep between June 2013 and April 2014, were examined by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, aiming to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors ofC. abortusinfection in Tibetan sheep. 323 of 1732 (18.65%) samples were seropositive forC. abortusantibodies at the cut-off of 1 : 16. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with seroprevalence, which could provide foundation to prevent and controlC. abortusinfection in Tibetan sheep. Gender of Tibetan sheep was left out of the final model because it is not significant in the logistic regression analysis (P>0.05). Region, season, and age were considered as major risk factors associated withC. abortusinfection in Tibetan sheep. Our study revealed a widespread and high prevalence ofC. abortusinfection in Tibetan sheep in Gansu province, northwest China, with higher exposure risk in different seasons and ages and distinct geographical distribution.

scholarly journals How Does Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy Influence Residents’ Perceptions of Rural Living Conditions? A Study of 16 Villages in Gansu Province, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meimei Wang ◽  
Yongchun Yang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Mengqin Liu ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
The Impact

Rural living conditions (RLCs) in China are influential on the overall development and stability of regions, particularly for populations in distant poverty-stricken villages. This paper takes 16 villages of Chedao town in Gansu province, Northwest China (NWC) as our case study. Using data from the Poverty Alleviation and Assistance (PAA) project launched by Lanzhou University in June 2017, and the perceptions of residents of Chedao, we pinpoint RLC changes in the targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) process. The three main results show that: (1) From the residents’ perceptions, the impact of alleviation measures on RLC is mainly reflected in improved housing conditions, infrastructure, and public services. We find no significant effect on cultural conditions. However, eco-environmental conditions have obviously weakened. (2) Housing size, accessibility, distance to shops, and safe drinking water are the most significant factors in housing conditions, infrastructure, public services, and eco-environmental conditions, respectively. (3) Out of the different levels of rural poverty households (RPHs), severe rurality villages are more strongly aware of the positive changes in RLC than residents of mild rurality villages. Moreover, in residents’ view, housing conditions are most improved in severe rurality villages, infrastructure is most improved in moderate rurality villages, and public services are most improved in mild rurality villages. Eco-environmental conditions worsen across all levels. Our findings shed light on the perceptions of residents on changes occurring in rural living conditions, and provide a basis for subsequent studies of RLC in Northwest China.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Adoption Preferences for Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Nong ◽  
Changbin Yin ◽  
Xiaoyan Yi ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Hsiaoping Chien
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Best Worst Scaling ◽  
Structure Adjustment ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

In the highest soil erosion regions of arid and semiarid northwest China, water resource deficits and farmland misuse have further exacerbated soil degradation. Therefore, understanding how farmers in diverse agroclimatic zones perceive and respond to different conservation practices is important to the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices (SAPs). To this end, this study uses a best–worst scaling approach to examine the adoption preferences for nine SAPs among grain and cash crop farmers and investigates the influence of farm and climatic characteristics on adoption preferences based on a face to face survey of 554 households in Gansu province, which is classified as an arid and semiarid area in northwest China. Both grain and cash crop farmers had stronger preferences for the practices of using organic instead of chemical fertilizers and of improving irrigation practices. In addition, while cash crop farmers also had strong preferences for cover crop-related practices, they preferred long-term fallows least. Household income, livestock, and precipitation influence the potential perceived importance of SAPs. The different perceived importance of these practices suggests new possible combinations or packages for a sustainable agriculture program during the cropping structure adjustment in Gansu.

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness due toGiardia, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, E. coliO157 and norovirus associated with private wells and small water systems in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 1355-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. MURPHY ◽  
M. K. THOMAS ◽  
P. J. SCHMIDT ◽  
D. T. MEDEIROS ◽  
S. McFADYEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Small Water

SUMMARYWaterborne illness related to the consumption of contaminated or inadequately treated water is a global public health concern. Although the magnitude of drinking water-related illnesses in developed countries is lower than that observed in developing regions of the world, drinking water is still responsible for a proportion of all cases of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in Canada. The estimated burden of endemic AGI in Canada is 20·5 million cases annually – this estimate accounts for under-reporting and under-diagnosis. About 4 million of these cases are domestically acquired and foodborne, yet the proportion of waterborne cases is unknown. There is evidence that individuals served by private systems and small community systems may be more at risk of waterborne illness than those served by municipal drinking water systems in Canada. However, little is known regarding the contribution of these systems to the overall drinking water-related AGI burden in Canada. Private water supplies serve an estimated 12% of the Canadian population, or ~4·1 million people. An estimated 1·4 million (4·1%) people in Canada are served by small groundwater (2·6%) and surface water (1·5%) supplies. The objective of this research is to estimate the number of AGI cases attributable to water consumption from these supplies in Canada using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. This provides a framework for others to develop burden of waterborne illness estimates for small water supplies. A multi-pathogen QMRA ofGiardia, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, E. coliO157 and norovirus, chosen as index waterborne pathogens, for various source water and treatment combinations was performed. It is estimated that 103 230 AGI cases per year are due to the presence of these five pathogens in drinking water from private and small community water systems in Canada. In addition to providing a mechanism to assess the potential burden of AGI attributed to small systems and private well water in Canada, this research supports the use of QMRA as an effective source attribution tool when there is a lack of randomized controlled trial data to evaluate the public health risk of an exposure source. QMRA is also a powerful tool for identifying existing knowledge gaps on the national scale to inform future surveillance and research efforts.

Comparison and modification of equations for calculating evapotranspiration (ET) with data from Gansu Province, Northwest China

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxin Zhai ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Qisen Li ◽  
Cundong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province
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