scholarly journals How participatory is parental consent in low literacy rural settings in low income countries? Lessons learned from a community based study of infants in South India

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Rajaraman ◽  
◽  
Nelson Jesuraj ◽  
Lawrence Geiter ◽  
Sean Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
South India ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural Settings

A Systems Approach for Sustainably Reducing Childhood Diarrheal Deaths in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 1208-1227
Author(s):  
Monica Gray
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Sub Saharan

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death and is the major cause of malnutrition in children under age 5 worldwide. More than 50 percent of the cases occur in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Open defecation, substandard fecal disposal systems, and contaminated water supplies are the typical causes of diarrheal diseases. This public health crisis in low income countries mirrors the experiences of today's industrialized nations two centuries ago. The lessons learned from their sanitary evolution can be instructive in charting a sustainable path towards saving the lives of almost 2 million children annually. In this chapter a case study of Cuba's sanitary reformation is also presented to showcase successes, similar to those of developed countries, within a developing country and economically challenging context.

scholarly journals Community-based maternal and newborn care: A concept analysis

Curationis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas R. Guta ◽  
Patrone R. Risenga ◽  
Mary M. Moleki ◽  
Merertu T. Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Care ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Background: Community-based care can serve as a valuable programme in the provision of essential maternal and newborn care, specifically in communities in low-income countries. However, its application in maternal and newborn care is not clearly documented in relation to the rendering of services by skilled birth attendants.Objectives: The purpose of the analysis was to clarify the meaning of the concept ‘community-based maternal and newborn care and its relationship to maternal and newborn health’.Method: Walker and Avant’s and Rodgers and Knafl’s as well as Chin and Kramer’s approaches to concept analysis were followed to analyse community-based maternal and newborn care.Results: The attributes of community-based care in maternal and newborn health include (1) the provision of home- and/or community-level skilled care, (2) linkages of health services and (3) community participation and mobilisation. These attributes are influenced by antecedents as well as consequences.Conclusion: The provision of good maternal and newborn care to all clients is a crucial aspect in provision of maternal and newborn services. In order for low-income countries to promote maternal and newborn health, community-based care services are the best option to follow.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned from Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programmes that Operate in Fragile or Conflict Affected Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert-jan Quak
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Community Based

This rapid review synthesises the literature on how community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes could be adapted in settings of conflict and fragility. It identifies multiple factors affecting the quality and effectiveness of CMAM services including the health system, community engagement and linkages with other programmes, including education, sanitation, and early childhood development. Family MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) is a useful tool to increase community participation and detect early cases of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) more effectively and less likely to require inpatient care. The literature does not say a lot about m-Health solutions (using mobile devises and applications) in data collection and surveillance systems. Many of the above-mentioned issues are relevant for CMAM programmes in settings of non-emergency, emergency, conflict and fragility. However, there are special circumstance in conflict and fragile settings that need adaptation and simplification of the standard protocols. Because of a broken or partly broken health system in settings of conflict and fragility, local governments are not able to fund access to adequate inpatient and outpatient treatment centres. NGOs and humanitarian agencies are often able to set up stand-alone outpatient therapeutic programmes or mobile centres in the most affected regions. The training of community health volunteers (CHVs) is important and implementing Family MUAC. Importantly, research shows that: Low literacy of CHVs is not a problem to achieve good nutritional outcomes as long as protocols are simplified. Combined/simplified protocols are not inferior to standard protocols. However, due to complexities and low funding, treatment is focused on SAM and availability for children with MAM is far less prioritised, until they deteriorate to SAM. There is widespread confusion about combined/simplified protocol terminology and content, because there is no coherence at the global level.

Levels of functional disability in elderly people in Tanzania with dementia, stroke and Parkinson’s disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloyce Kisoli ◽  
William K. Gray ◽  
Catherine L. Dotchin ◽  
Golda Orega ◽  
Felicity Dewhurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Severe Disability ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
People With Dementia

BackgroundDisability is associated with increasing age and poverty, yet there are few reliable data regarding disability amongst the elderly in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to compare disability levels for three of the most common neurological, non-communicable diseases: dementia, stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsWe performed a community-based study of people aged 70 years and over in 12 randomly selected villages in the rural Hai district of Tanzania. Participants underwent disability assessment using the Barthel Index, and clinical assessment for dementia, stroke and PD.ResultsIn a representative cohort of 2232 people aged 70 years and over, there were 54 cases of stroke, 12 cases of PD and estimated (by extrapolation from a sub-sample of 1198 people) to be 112 cases of dementia. People with stroke were the most disabled, with 62.9% having moderate or severe disability. Levels of moderate or severe disability were 41.2% in people with dementia and 50.0% in people with PD. However, the higher prevalence of dementia meant that, at a population level, it was associated with similar levels of disability as stroke, with 18.5% of 249 people identified as having moderate or severe disability having dementia, compared to 13.7% for stroke and 2.4% for PD.ConclusionsLevels of disability from these conditions is high and is likely to increase with demographic ageing. Innovative, community-based strategies to reduce disability levels should be investigated.

scholarly journals Improving Newborn Survival in Low-Income Countries: Community-Based Approaches and Lessons from South Asia

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e1000246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Nair ◽  
Prasanta Tripathy ◽  
Audrey Prost ◽  
Anthony Costello ◽  
David Osrin
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Community Based

Addressing the needs of adolescent mothers and their offspring in Nigeria: a community-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolajoko O. Olusanya ◽  
Olufunke M. Ebuehi
Keyword(s):  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Obstetric Services

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the perinatal profile of adolescent mothers with surviving offspring against the backdrop of limited community-based data on the outcomes of adolescent pregnancy in low-income countries. Methods: A case-control study of adolescent mothers (13–19 years) attending four community-based clinics for routine childhood immunization from July 2005 to March 2008 in Lagos, Nigeria, matched for infant age and sex. Maternal and infant factors associated with adolescent mothers were determined using unconditional and conditional multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 241 adolescent mothers (mean age, 18.2±1.2 years) were consecutively recruited over the study period and matched with 1205 controls (mean age, 27.3±3.9 years). Adolescent mothers in this population were significantly more likely to be unmarried, of the Hausa ethnic tribe, without postsecondary education, unemployed, and primiparous. Although all received antenatal care, they were also more likely to deliver outside hospital without skilled attendants, and their offspring were likely to be undernourished. Conclusions: Socio-demographic profile of adolescent girls who become pregnant is likely to have a significant influence on their health-seeking behavior for obstetric services. Teenagers especially from the most vulnerable ethnic groups in resource-poor countries should be educated on the developmental risks of early childbearing in their surviving offspring.

Assessment of social acceptance and scope of scaling up urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. N. Uddin ◽  
V. S. Muhandiki ◽  
J. Fukuda ◽  
M. Nakamura ◽  
A. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Almost All

A urine diversion dehydration toilet (UDDT) is a kind of toilet which can be used to recover resources such as nutrients and can also be an option to improve the sanitary situation in low income countries. A structured questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, participatory approaches such as focus group discussion (FGD) and mass gathering were carried out in Kenya to assess social acceptance and scope of scaling up of UDDTs. The results showed that almost all respondents among UDDT users and non-users have overcome social and cultural barriers to accept UDDTs. Most UDDT users were applying UDDT products as fertilizers on their farms. It is recommended to promote coordination and networking of local community based organizations in order to replicate UDDTs.

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