scholarly journals The relationship between knowledge of malaria transmission and malaria prevention and the risk of malaria infection in the coastal region of Batam City in Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Susanna ◽  
Tris Eryando
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
The Relationship

The Dynamics of Malaria Clinical Symptoms with very Strong Emphasis on Asymptomatic Malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3502-3503
Author(s):  
Fareeha Cheema ◽  
Sabahat Fatima ◽  
Unber Naaz
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The Relationship

In the developed world, malaria is a dangerous parasite that contributes to high morbidity and mortality. The disease is variable and its clinical presence varies from extreme to complex, normal, and difficult malaria, asymptomatic malaria. Malaria pathogenesis is complex. Our current research was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from May 2019 to February 2020. Despite several clinical severities trials the disorder is still poorly known for asymptomatic malaria infection. Malaria remains a problem for asymptomatic malaria, as it has a significant impact on the dynamic of transmission. In order to develop various therapeutic results, a thorough understanding of the relationship between hosts and parasites is important. Problems and obstacles to asymptomatic malaria study and management are addressed in this study. Man and parasite are identified and methods for management and recovery are presented for differential clinical outcomes. They are exposed to disease prevention. In the context of prospective studies to create more efficient malaria prevention methods, important lacunae in the understanding of asymptomatic malaria are further illustrated. Keywords: Malaria Clinical Symptoms, Strong Emphasis, Asymptomatic Malaria.

scholarly journals The relationship between markers of antenatal iron stores and birth outcomes differs by malaria prevention regimen—a prospective cohort study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger W. Unger ◽  
Valentina Laurita Longo ◽  
Andie Bleicher ◽  
Maria Ome-Kaius ◽  
Stephan Karl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Twofold Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Iron deficiency (ID) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal anaemia, and altered susceptibility to infection. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), monthly treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine plus azithromycin (SPAZ) prevented low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g) through a combination of anti-malarial and non-malarial effects when compared to a single treatment with SP plus chloroquine (SPCQ) at first antenatal visit. We assessed the relationship between ID and adverse birth outcomes in women receiving SPAZ or SPCQ, and the mediating effects of malaria infection and haemoglobin levels during pregnancy. Methods Plasma ferritin levels measured at antenatal enrolment in a cohort of 1892 women were adjusted for concomitant inflammation using C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein. Associations of ID (defined as ferritin <15 μg/L) or ferritin levels with birth outcomes (birthweight, LBW, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birthweight [SGA]) were determined using linear or logistic regression analysis, as appropriate. Mediation analysis assessed the degree of mediation of ID-birth outcome relationships by malaria infection or haemoglobin levels. Results At first antenatal visit (median gestational age, 22 weeks), 1256 women (66.4%) had ID. Overall, ID or ferritin levels at first antenatal visit were not associated with birth outcomes. There was effect modification by treatment arm. Amongst SPCQ recipients, ID was associated with a 81-g higher mean birthweight (95% confidence interval [CI] 10, 152; P = 0.025), and a twofold increase in ferritin levels was associated with increased odds of SGA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25; 95% CI 1.06, 1.46; P = 0.007). By contrast, amongst SPAZ recipients, a twofold increase in ferritin was associated with reduced odds of LBW (aOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67, 0.94; P = 0.009). Mediation analyses suggested that malaria infection or haemoglobin levels during pregnancy do not substantially mediate the association of ID with birth outcomes amongst SPCQ recipients. Conclusions Improved antenatal iron stores do not confer a benefit for the prevention of adverse birth outcomes in the context of malaria chemoprevention strategies that lack the non-malarial properties of monthly SPAZ. Research to determine the mechanisms by which ID protects from suboptimal foetal growth is needed to guide the design of new malaria prevention strategies and to inform iron supplementation policy in malaria-endemic settings. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01136850.

Overdiagnosis of Malaria Illness in an Endemic Setting: A Facility-Based Surveillance Study in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Peterson ◽  
Atupele Kapito-Tembo ◽  
Andrew Bauleni ◽  
Osward Nyirenda ◽  
Paul Pensulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
School Age ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Outpatient Settings

In endemic settings where asymptomatic malaria infections are common, malaria infection can complicate fever diagnosis. Factors influencing fever misdiagnosis, including accuracy of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) and the malaria-attributable fraction of fevers (MAF), require further investigation. We conducted facility-based surveillance in Malawi, from January 2012 through December 2013 in settings of high perennial (Chikhwawa), high seasonal (Thoylo), and moderate seasonal (Ndirande) malaria transmission. Consecutive patients presenting to outpatient departments were screened; those with suspected malaria illness were tested by mRDT or routine thick-smear microscopy. Test positivity rates (TPRs), positive predictive value (PPVs) of mRDTs, and MAFs were calculated by site, age, and season. Of 41,471 patients, 10,052 (24.2%) tested positive for malaria. The TPR was significantly greater in Chikhwawa (29.9%; 95% CI, 28.6–30.0) compared with Thyolo (13.2%; 95% CI, 12.5–13.7) and Ndirande (13.1%; 95% CI, 12.2–14.4). The overall PPV was 77.8% (95% CI, 76.8–78.7); it was lowest among infants (69.9%; 95% CI, 65.5–74.2) and highest among school-age children (81.9%; 95% CI, 80.3–83.4). Malaria infection accounted for about 50% of fevers in children younger than 5 years old with microscopy-confirmed Plasmodium falciparum infection, and less than 20% of such fevers in school-age children. Outpatient settings in Malawi had a high burden of malaria illness, but also possible overdiagnosis of malaria illness. Interventions to reduce malaria transmission and rapid testing for other common febrile illness may improve diagnostic clarity among outpatients in malaria endemic settings.

scholarly journals Association of Malnutrition Measures with the Risk of Malaria in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 908-908
Author(s):  
Caroline Smerdon ◽  
Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives This study examined the relationship between malnutrition and malaria among children under five in Sierra Leone. It was predicted that children who displayed anthropometric indicators for malnutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight) would be at a higher risk for contracting malaria than children who did not. Methods Data on height, weight, malaria status and use of malaria prevention measures were collected from patients aged 1 month to 60 months at Magbenteh Community Hospital in Makeni, Sierra Leone using a survey in July 2019 (n = 153). Multivariate regression models were used in order to determine the association between nutritional status and risk of contracting malaria. Results Participants who were underweight were found to be 18.56% more likely to contract malaria (p-value = 0.029). Non-statistically significant positive correlations were also found between stunting and risk of contracting malaria (7.15% more likely, p-value = 0.446) and wasting and risk of contracting malaria (5.82% more likely, p-value = 0.528). Conclusions The outcomes of this study would contribute to a better understanding of the risk factors for malaria and the relationship between nutritional status and malaria. Understanding this relationship is essential for developing public health interventions in geographic locations where these conditions co-exist. Funding Sources N/A.

A Malaria Transmission Model Predicts Holoendemic, Hyperendemic, and Hypoendemic Transmission Patterns Under Varied Seasonal Vector Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-584
Author(s):  
Vardayani Ratti ◽  
Dorothy I Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Entomological Inoculation Rate ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A model is developed of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) transmission in vector (Anopheles gambiae) and human populations that include the capacity for both clinical and parasite suppressing immunity. This model is coupled with a population model for Anopheles gambiae that varies seasonal with temperature and larval habitat availability. At steady state, the model clearly distinguishes uns hypoendemic transmission patterns from stable hyperendemic and holoendemic patterns of transmission. The model further distinguishes hyperendemic from holoendemic disease based on seasonality of infection. For hyperendemic and holoendemic transmission, the model produces the relationship between entomological inoculation rate and disease prevalence observed in the field. It further produces expected rates of immunity and prevalence across all three endemic patterns. The model does not produce mesoendemic transmission patterns at steady state for any parameter choices, leading to the conclusion that mesoendemic patterns occur during transient states or as a result of factors not included in this study. The model shows that coupling the effect of varying larval habitat availability with the effects of clinical and parasite-suppressing immunity is enough to produce known patterns of malaria transmission.

scholarly journals PO 8590 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IGG RESPONSES TO RECOMBINANT Qβ PHAGE DISPLAYED MSP3 AND UBO5 IN DUAL HIV/MALARIA-CO-INFECTED ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A59.2-A59
Author(s):  
Godwin Nchinda ◽  
Abel Lissom ◽  
Herve Ouambo ◽  
Malachy I Okeke ◽  
Thibeau F Tchouangueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
Malaria Transmission Intensity ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundImmunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific responses against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens such as the merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) and UBO5 are known to play critical roles in parasitaemia control and protection from symptomatic illness. However, when there is intense perennial malaria transmission coupled with concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), knowledge of IgG antibody response profiles is limited.In this study we assessed the impact of dual HIV/malaria infections on IgG subclass responses to MSP3 (QβMSP3) and UBO5 (QβUB05) in individuals living in two areas of Cameroon differing in malaria transmission intensity.MethodsIgG and IgG subclass responses specific to either MSP3 or UBO5 were determined in plasma from study participant by ELISA. To improve reactivity with their respective antibodies the antigens were displayed upon the surface of the RNA coliphage Qβ.ResultsWe observed differences in antigen-specific IgG and IgG subclass responses which were dependent upon the antigen type, malaria transmission intensity, HIV infection, malaria infection and dual HIV/malaria infections. Individuals living in areas with high malaria transmission, had irrespective of HIV or malaria status significantly higher IgG responses to both antigens (p=0.0001 for QβMSP3, p=0.0001 for QβUB05) than their counterpart from areas with low transmission. When dual HIV/malaria infection is considered, significantly higher QβMSP3 specific IgG1 (p=0.0001) and IgG3 (p=0.04) responses in double-negative individuals was associated with protection against malaria in areas with low transmission. Superior QβUBO5 specific IgG1 responses (p=0.0001) in double-negative individuals were associated with protection in areas with high transmission in contrast to significantly higher IgG3 responses to QβUBO5 (p=0.0001) which were more relevant to protection in areas with low malaria transmission in the same population.ConclusionThus, understanding immune responses to QβUBO5 and QβMSP3 could facilitate the development of immunotherapeutic strategies suitable for areas differing in malaria transmission intensity.

scholarly journals Meandering Subtropical Jet and Precipitation over Summertime East Asia and the Northwestern Pacific

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Horinouchi ◽  
Ayumu Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
The West ◽  
Subtropical Jet ◽  
Low Level Jets ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Quasigeostrophic Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Q Vector ◽  
Precipitation Enhancement

Abstract It has been revealed that in summertime, precipitation is enhanced to the south of the upper-level tropopausal potential vorticity contours, which are accompanied by instantaneous jets, over the eastern coastal region of China to the northwestern Pacific. It is frequently exhibited as precipitation bands ranging in size from over a thousand to several thousands of kilometers long. In this study, an analysis was conducted to quantify the relationship depending on the phase of upper-level disturbances. With composite analysis, it is shown that the enhancement along the contours occurs at all phases; it occurs not only to the east but also to the west of the upper-level troughs, although it is weaker. The midtropospheric distributions of upwelling and the Q-vector convergence are collocated with the precipitation enhancement, suggesting the importance of dynamical induction by geostrophic flow at all phases. The effects of upper-level disturbances and low-level jets (LLJs) with a southerly component are investigated by using an idealized nondimensional quasigeostrophic model supporting latent heating. While upper-level waves induce upwelling and downwelling to the east and west, respectively, of the upper-level troughs, LLJs tend to offset the downwelling, enabling precipitation to the west too. Both in the observational composite and the idealized model with LLJ, confluence and diffluence contribute to the Q-vector convergence to induce upwelling along the subtropical jet irrespective of upper-level disturbance phases. This induction is explained as a general feature of a veered jet where geopotential isolines rotate clockwise with height without requiring wind variation along the jet.

scholarly journals Complement activation, placental malaria infection, and birth weight in areas characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Alim ◽  
Naser E.Bilal ◽  
Awad-Elkareem Abass ◽  
Elhassan M Elhassan ◽  
Ahmed A Mohmmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Central Sudan

scholarly journals Penerapan Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids dan Pemeriksaan DDR (Drike Drupple) dalam Upaya Pencegahan Malaria pada Anak SD Advent Doyo Baru Sentani (The Application of Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids and DDR (Drike Drupple) Examination in the Prevention of Malaria to Students of SD Advent Doyo Baru Sentani)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Ruth Yogi ◽  
Wiwiek Mulyani ◽  
Eka Setyaning Suci ◽  
Roganda Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Students ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Peer Educators ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Prevention Behavior

Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids adalah sebuah metode yang dilakukan dengan mendidik siswa SD sebagai pendidik teman sebaya agar mampu membiasakan perilaku pencegahan malaria di lingkungan sekolah, dan di lingkungan rumah tempat tinggalnya. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kepada guru sekolah SD Advent Doyo Baru Sentani tentang cara pencegahan malaria, kemudian dilakukan pendidikan kepada para siswa sehingga mereka bisa melakukan upaya pencegahan malaria di lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan rumah. Kemudian orang tua dari siswa tersebut juga diberikan penyuluhan dan evaluasi tentang bagaimana perilaku polisi jentik nyamuk kids di rumah dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan penularan malaria.Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids is a method carried out by educating elementary students as peer educators to be able to familiarize malaria prevention behavior in the school environment, and in the home environment where they live. After counseling to Adventist Doyo Baru Sentani elementary school teachers on how to prevent malaria, education is then given to students so that they can make efforts to prevent malaria in the school and home environment. Then the parents of these students were also given counseling and evaluation on how the behavior of the kids mosquito larvae at home in preventing malaria transmission.

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