scholarly journals Cytoplasmic and nuclear events controlling Tax-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway: involvement of TAB2, IKKgamma/NEMO and calreticulin

Retrovirology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Bex ◽  
Francesca Avesani ◽  
Maria G Romanelli ◽  
Julie Lodewick ◽  
Marco Turci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Events

The Ultrastructure of the Nuclear Events of Binary Fission in Paramecium bursaria and the Effects of Colchicine on Cell Division

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
L. M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Paramecium Bursaria ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Division Axis

The effects of colchicine on extranuclear microtubules associated with the macronucleus of Paramecium bursaria were studied to determine the possible role that these microtubules play in controlling the shape of the macronucleus. In the course of this study, the ultrastructure of the nuclear events of binary fission in control cells was also studied.During interphase in control cells, the micronucleus contains randomly distributed clumps of condensed chromatin and microtubular fragments. Throughout mitosis the nuclear envelope remains intact. During micronuclear prophase, cup-shaped microfilamentous structures appear that are filled with condensing chromatin. Microtubules are also present and are parallel to the division axis.

scholarly journals Separation of Lanthanide Isotopes from Mixed Fission Product Samples

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Leah M. Arrigo ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Zachary S. Finch ◽  
James M. Bowen ◽  
Staci M. Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fission Product ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Data Production ◽  
Thermal Irradiation ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Lanthanide Separation ◽  
Enriched Uranium ◽  
Fission Yields

The measurement of radioactive fission products from nuclear events has important implications for nuclear data production, environmental monitoring, and nuclear forensics. In a previous paper, the authors reported the optimization of an intra-group lanthanide separation using LN extraction resin from Eichrom Technologies®, Inc. and a nitric acid gradient. In this work, the method was demonstrated for the separation and quantification of multiple short-lived fission product lanthanide isotopes from a fission product sample produced from the thermal irradiation of highly enriched uranium. The separations were performed in parallel in quadruplicate with reproducible results and high decontamination factors for 153Sm, 156Eu, and 161Tb. Based on the results obtained here, the fission yields for 144Ce, 153Sm, 156Eu, and 161Tb are consistent with published fission yields. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the separations for the intended application of short-lived lanthanide fission product analysis requiring high decontamination factors.

scholarly journals Role of CxxC-finger protein 1 in establishing mouse oocyte epigenetic landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Qian Sha ◽  
Ye-Zhang Zhu ◽  
Yunlong Xiang ◽  
Jia-Li Yu ◽  
Xiao-Ying Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
Maternal Genome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Cxxc Finger Protein 1

Abstract During oogenesis, oocytes gain competence and subsequently undergo meiotic maturation and prepare for embryonic development; trimethylated histone H3 on lysine-4 (H3K4me3) mediates a wide range of nuclear events during these processes. Oocyte-specific knockout of CxxC-finger protein 1 (CXXC1, also known as CFP1) impairs H3K4me3 accumulation and causes changes in chromatin configurations. This study investigated the changes in genomic H3K4me3 landscapes in oocytes with Cxxc1 knockout and the effects on other epigenetic factors such as the DNA methylation, H3K27me3, H2AK119ub1 and H3K36me3. H3K4me3 is overall decreased after knocking out Cxxc1, including both the promoter region and the gene body. CXXC1 and MLL2, which is another histone H3 methyltransferase, have nonoverlapping roles in mediating H3K4 trimethylation during oogenesis. Cxxc1 deletion caused a decrease in DNA methylation levels and affected H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1 distributions, particularly at regions with high DNA methylation levels. The changes in epigenetic networks implicated by Cxxc1 deletion were correlated with the transcriptional changes in genes in the corresponding genomic regions. This study elucidates the epigenetic changes underlying the phenotypes and molecular defects in oocytes with deleted Cxxc1 and highlights the role of CXXC1 in orchestrating multiple factors that are involved in establishing the appropriate epigenetic states of maternal genome.

scholarly journals Truncated mammalian Notch1 activates CBF1/RBPJk-repressed genes by a mechanism resembling that of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 952-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Hsieh ◽  
T Henkel ◽  
P Salmon ◽  
E Robey ◽  
M G Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Region ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Epstein Barr

The Notch/Lin-12/Glp-1 receptor family participates in cell-cell signaling events that influence cell fate decisions. Although several Notch homologs and receptor ligands have been identified, the nuclear events involved in this pathway remain incompletely understood. A truncated form of Notch, consisting only of the intracellular domain (NotchIC), localizes to the nucleus and functions as an activated receptor. Using both an in vitro binding assay and a cotransfection assay based on the two-hybrid principle, we show that mammalian NotchIC interacts with the transcriptional repressor CBF1, which is the human homolog of Drosophila Suppressor of Hairless. Cotransfection assays using segments of mouse NotchIC and CBF1 demonstrated that the N-terminal 114-amino-acid region of mouse NotchIC contains the CBF1 interactive domain and that the cdc10/ankyrin repeats are not essential for this interaction. This result was confirmed in immunoprecipation assays in which the N-terminal 114-amino-acid segment of NotchIC, but not the ankyrin repeat region, coprecipitated with CBF1. Mouse NotchIC itself is targeted to the transcriptional repression domain (aa179 to 361) of CBF1. Furthermore, transfection assays in which mouse NotchIC was targeted through Gal4-CBF1 or through endogenous cellular CBF1 indicated that NotchIC transactivates gene expression via CBF1 tethering to DNA. Transactivation by NotchIC occurs partially through abolition of CBF1-mediated repession. This same mechanism is used by Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2. Thus, mimicry of Notch signal transduction is involved in Epstein-Barr virus-driven immortalization.

scholarly journals Distinct Subcellular Localization Patterns Contribute to Functional Specificity of the Cln2 and Cln3 Cyclins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Miller ◽  
Frederick R. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Cytoplasmic Localization ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Functional Specificity ◽  
Biochemical Fractionation ◽  
Nuclear Events

ABSTRACT The G1 cyclins of budding yeast drive cell cycle initiation by different mechanisms, but the molecular basis of their specificity is unknown. Here we test the hypothesis that the functional specificity of G1 cyclins is due to differential subcellular localization. As shown by indirect immunofluorescence and biochemical fractionation, Cln3p localization appears to be primarily nuclear, with the most obvious accumulation of Cln3p to the nuclei of large budded cells. In contrast, Cln2p localizes to the cytoplasm. We were able to shift localization patterns of truncated Cln3p by the addition of nuclear localization and nuclear export signals, and we found that nuclear localization drives a Cln3p-like functional profile, while cytoplasmic localization leads to a partial shift to a Cln2p-like functional profile. Therefore, forcing Cln3p into a Cln2p-like cytoplasmic localization pattern partially alters the functional specificity of Cln3p toward that of Cln2p. These results suggest that there are CLN-dependent cytoplasmic and nuclear events important for cell cycle initiation. This is the first indication of a cytoplasmic function for a cyclin-dependent kinase. The data presented here support the idea that cyclin function is regulated at the level of subcellular localization and that subcellular localization contributes to the functional specificity of Cln2p and Cln3p.

scholarly journals Unique N-Terminal Interactions Connect F-BOX STRESS INDUCED (FBS) Proteins to a WD40 Repeat-like Protein Pathway in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2228
Author(s):  
Edgar Sepulveda-Garcia ◽  
Elena C. Fulton ◽  
Emily V. Parlan ◽  
Lily E. O’Connor ◽  
Anneke A. Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Wd40 Repeat ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Scf Complex ◽  
Protein Target ◽  
The Core ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Nuclear Events

SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases provide specificity to numerous selective protein degradation events in plants, including those that enable survival under environmental stress. SCF complexes use F-box (FBX) proteins as interchangeable substrate adaptors to recruit protein targets for ubiquitylation. FBX proteins almost universally have structure with two domains: A conserved N-terminal F-box domain interacts with a SKP protein and connects the FBX protein to the core SCF complex, while a C-terminal domain interacts with the protein target and facilitates recruitment. The F-BOX STRESS INDUCED (FBS) subfamily of plant FBX proteins has an atypical structure, however, with a centrally located F-box domain and additional conserved regions at both the N- and C-termini. FBS proteins have been linked to environmental stress networks, but no ubiquitylation target(s) or biological function has been established for this subfamily. We have identified two WD40 repeat-like proteins in Arabidopsis that are highly conserved in plants and interact with FBS proteins, which we have named FBS INTERACTING PROTEINs (FBIPs). FBIPs interact exclusively with the N-terminus of FBS proteins, and this interaction occurs in the nucleus. FBS1 destabilizes FBIP1, consistent with FBIPs being ubiquitylation targets SCFFBS1 complexes. This work indicates that FBS proteins may function in stress-responsive nuclear events, and it identifies two WD40 repeat-like proteins as new tools with which to probe how an atypical SCF complex, SCFFBS, functions via FBX protein N-terminal interaction events.

Nuclear Events at High Energies

1954 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1724-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Lepore ◽  
Richard N. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
High Energies ◽  
Nuclear Events

Recent Advances in Medical Device Triage Technologies for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Events

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal Lansdowne ◽  
Christopher G. Scully ◽  
Loriano Galeotti ◽  
Suzanne Schwartz ◽  
David Marcozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Medical Apps ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Medical Countermeasures

AbstractIn 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland USA) created the Medical Countermeasures Initiative with the mission of development and promoting medical countermeasures that would be needed to protect the nation from identified, high‐priority chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) threats and emerging infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to promote regulatory science research of medical devices and to analyze how the devices can be employed in different CBRN scenarios. Triage in CBRN scenarios presents unique challenges for first responders because the effects of CBRN agents and the clinical presentations of casualties at each triage stage can vary. The uniqueness of a CBRN event can render standard patient monitoring medical device and conventional triage algorithms ineffective. Despite the challenges, there have been recent advances in CBRN triage technology that include: novel technologies; mobile medical applications (“medical apps”) for CBRN disasters; electronic triage tags, such as eTriage; diagnostic field devices, such as the Joint Biological Agent Identification System; and decision support systems, such as the Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management Intelligent Syndromes Tool (CHEMM-IST). Further research and medical device validation can help to advance prehospital triage technology for CBRN events.LansdowneK, ScullyCG, GaleottiL, SchwartzS, MarcozziD, StraussDG. Recent advances in medical device triage technologies for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):1-4

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