Microbiological Contamination of Carcasses Related to Hygiene Practice and Facilities on Slaughtering Lines

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2), Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

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Occurrence and distribution of enteric viruses in shallow ground water and factors affecting well vulnerability to microbiological contamination in Worcester and Wicomico counties, Maryland

10.3133/wri014147 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Factors Affecting

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Determination of microbiological activity during the processing of frost damaged sugar beets

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si15450 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 228-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maciej Wojtczak ◽

Aneta Antczak-Chrobot ◽

Edyta Chmal-Fudali ◽

Agnieszka Papiewska

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Microbiological Activity ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Bacterial Metabolites ◽

Kinetics Of

The aim of the study is to evaluate the kinetics of the synthesis of dextran and other bacterial metabolites as markers of microbiological contamination of sugar beet.

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Daytime Sleepiness, Sleep Hygiene Practice, myths and concepts about sleep in Indian adolescents – A Public Health Concern

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH ◽

10.21522/tijph.2013.08.03.art032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 295-301

Author(s):

Deepesh Vaidya

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Sleep Hygiene ◽

Health Concern ◽

Hygiene Practice ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Indian Adolescents

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Meeting the Salinity Requirements of the Bivalve Mollusc Crassostrea gigas in the Depuration Process and Posterior Shelf-Life Period to Improve Food Safety and Product Quality

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1126

Author(s):

João A. Silvestre ◽

Sílvia F. S. Pires ◽

Vitória Pereira ◽

Miguel Colaço ◽

Ana P. L. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Crassostrea Gigas ◽

Storage Period ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Bivalve Molluscs ◽

Antioxidant Defences ◽

Life Period ◽

Microbiological Analyses ◽

Depuration Process

Microbiological contamination of bivalve molluscs is one of the major concerns inherent to food safety, thus depuration is frequently needed to assure food safety levels associated with their consumption. Salinity plays an important role in the metabolic activity of bivalves and as such can influence their depuration capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity (25, 30, 35 and 40) on the efficiency of the depuration process, along with the quality and shelf-life of Crassostrea gigas. For this, a 24-h depuration was carried out, followed by a storage period at 5 ± 1 °C for six days. Microbiological analyses and biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress response were analysed. Escherichia coli load was reduced in only 24 h, disregarding the salinity of the system. After the shelf-life period, the activity of the antioxidant defences at salinities 35 and 40 is higher but is still not sufficient to avoid lipid peroxidation. Over time, there is a decrease in oyster metabolism probably due to being chilled and to the action of exposure to air. In sum, this study suggests salinities between 25 and 30 as preferential for the depuration process of C. gigas and subsequent quality during shelf-life.

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An Investigation of the General Population’s Self-Reported Hand Hygiene Behaviour and Compliance in a Cross-European Setting

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2402

Author(s):

Aaron Lawson ◽

Marie Vaganay-Miller ◽

Robert Cameron

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Hygiene Practice ◽

Hygiene Behaviour ◽

Level Of Understanding ◽

The Uk ◽

Travel Abroad ◽

And Control

Every year, thousands of people from the UK travel to other countries for work and leisure. Europe, and particularly Spain, is one of the most popular travel destinations for people from the UK. However, it is known that travel to other countries can enhance the risk of communicable disease transmission from person to person, especially when a new one emerges. Adequate hand hygiene behaviour and compliance is widely accepted as being a simple, effective method in preventing the spread of communicable diseases that may be contracted during travel abroad. There is a well-established body of work investigating hand hygiene practice and compliance in community settings, but no recent studies have examined the hand hygiene practice and compliance of the general population when travelling abroad or in a cross-European context. The findings of this study indicated that most UK members of the general population when travelling abroad have a good level of understanding of the importance of adequate hand hygiene practice and compliance and its role regarding communicable disease prevention and control. As such, self-reported levels of compliance were high. Similar findings were made for Spanish members of the general population. However, while self-reported perceptions of adequacy of hand hygiene performance were relatively high, particularly among UK respondents, this was not supported by responses specifically focused on hand hygiene behaviour. However, differences in self-reported adequacy regarding the importance of handwashing versus hand drying, the number of steps that should be followed and the length of time that should be spent washing and drying hands were found for each group. This suggests that self-reported compliance may reflect intention to practice hand hygiene rather than true compliance. It also suggests that there are gaps in knowledge regarding the adequate method of hand hygiene among the cohort as a whole, and indeed these differences may account be a factor in for the high transmission rates of communicable disease when travelling abroad.

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Initial study on removing cellular residues from hydrostatic high-pressure treated allogeneic tissue using ultrasound

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2020-3045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 176-179

Author(s):

Christoph Drobek ◽

Janine Waletzko ◽

Michael Dau ◽

Bernhard Frerich ◽

Volker Weißmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Dna Content ◽

Bone Allograft ◽

Initial Study ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Test Setup ◽

Allograft Tissue ◽

Bone Allografts ◽

Content Determination

AbstractHydrostatic high-pressure technology (HHD) devitalizes tissue quickly and gently, without negatively affecting the structural properties. HHD-treated tissues must be cleaned from devitalized cells. A partially automated, gentle, reproducible and timesaving rinsing test setup utilizing ultrasound is demonstrated in this study. The test setup is used to clean HHD-treated bone allografts of tissue residues and prevent microbiological contamination. A rinsing procedure is investigated. Residual DNA content determination is utilized to analyze cleaned bone allograft tissue for rinsing procedure evaluation.

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