The impact of improved sanitation on the diarrhoeal reduction of under-five children in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungman Cha
Keyword(s):  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five children in East Africa. Meta-analysis and systemic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Melaku Getahun Bimrew ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kasie ◽  
Mesfin Kassaw Wudu ◽  
Molla Azmeraw
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Prevalence

Abstract Introduction Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa. Methods Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies. Result A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypothermia in East Africa was 34% (95%CI; 23.80–44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR= 1.53; 95%CI:1.30-1.77; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.465), cook food in living room (AOR= 1.47;95%CI:1.16-1.79; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR= 3.26; 95%CI:1.80-4.72; I 2 = 22.5% ;P=0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR= 2.41; 95%CI:2.00-2.81; I 2 = 51.4% ;P=0.055), Child history of ARTI(AOR= 2.62; 95%CI:1.68-3.56; I 2 = 11.7% ;P=0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia. Conclusions The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.

scholarly journals A Decomposition Analysis of Inequality in Malnutrition among Under-Five Children in Iran: Findings from Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, 2010

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah ALMASIAN KIA ◽  
Sahar GOODARZI ◽  
Heshmatollah ASADI ◽  
Ardeshir KHOSRAVI ◽  
Aziz REZAPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Indices

Background: Nutritional status at the early stages of children’s lives is essential for growth and development not only in infancy but also in adult life. This study aimed to measure the inequality in malnutrition among under-five children in Iran and explore the impact of socioeconomic factors on this inequality using a regression-based decomposition approach. Methods: Data were extracted from Iran's Multiple-Indicator Demographic and Health Survey 2010. The concentration index of stunting, underweight, and wasting were applied in order to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in child malnutrition. Moreover, the concentration indices were decomposed to understand the contribution of socioeconomic variables in childhood malnutrition inequality. Results: The obtained concentration indices of stunting, underweight, and wasting were respectively -0.177, -0.092, and -0.031. Socioeconomic inequality in stunting and underweight was statistically significant, however this socioeconomic gradient was not observed in wasting. More than 50% of the inequality in stunting and about 63% of the inequality in underweight were influenced by socioeconomic status. Furthermore, maternal education was associated with 19% and 22% of inequality in stunting and underweight respectively. Conclusion: The average reduction of malnutrition indices at the national level hides the burden of malnutrition among children in poor families. If government and policymakers seek to solve this problem, they have to take direct and targeted actions to eliminate the existing inequalities in the socioeconomic determinants associated with malnutrition.  

scholarly journals Exposure and use of digital media among under-five children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Shajeeda Babusabgari ◽  
Bhavani Bangarkodi Balakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Background: The use of digital media, such as television, smart phones, tablets, iPod has become a significant part of children’s lives. Children's exposure to digital media is increasing, as are concerns about the impact that screen time has on children and families. The study evaluates the exposure and use of digital media among under five children.Methods: The study was conducted among mothers of under-five children attending Paediatric outpatient department of a hospital. The sample included 150 mothers of under-five children. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on selected demographic variables. A modified rating scale was used to elicit data regarding the exposure and use of digital media among under-five children.Results: Around half of children were exposed to smartphones between 1-2 years of age. During infancy around forty percent of children were exposed to smart phones. More than half the mothers used mobile devices while doing household chores. A higher proportion of under five children had increased screen time and large proportion (65.3%) of under-five children had high levels of exposure to digital media.Conclusions: A significant number of under five children were using the digital media and screen time exposure exceeded than that of recommended limit.

scholarly journals Situation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene and Diarrhoeal Disease After Open Defecation Free Declaration and Associated Factors of Makwanpur District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simrin Kafle ◽  
Bandana Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact

Background: Makwanpur district was declared Open Defecation Free in 2013 as the movement started in Nepal since 2003 to address the high burden of diarrhoeal disease among under five children. As the water supply, sanitation and hygiene situation of the district is not known after the declaration, the need for this study was visualized.Methods: It was a cross sectional study among randomly sampled 178 households using interview and observation. Water, sanitation and hygiene situation was assessed in terms of related facilities, knowledge and practices of mothers. Results were compared with the standard open defecation free criteria of Nepal. Five years trend of diarrhoeal disease was analysed from the health facility records to assess the impact of declaration.Results: Of the total households 92% had toilets and 90% had access to improved water source. About 79% mothers had high knowledge on safe water, sanitation and hygiene and 43% practiced hand washing with soap at critical times. Proper disposal of solid and liquid waste was found among 32% and 46% of households respectively. About 68% of households had good water, sanitation and hygiene situation and was found to be significantly associated with related knowledge among mothers irrespective of their economic status. Diarrhoeal disease among under five children was found declining after open defecation free declaration.Conclusions: Water, sanitation and hygiene status in the study area is found lower than the criteria for open defecation free declaration. However, diarrhoeal disease among children under five is declining after the declaration.

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