scholarly journals Silencing long non-coding RNA XIST suppresses drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia through down-regulation of MYC by elevating microRNA-29a expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wang ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Mengya Li ◽  
Weiqiong Wang ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are biomarkers participating in multiple disease development including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated molecular mechanism of X Inactive-Specific Transcript (XIST) in regulating cellular viability, apoptosis and drug resistance in AML. Methods XIST, miR-29a and myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) expression in AML bone marrow cells collected from 62 patients was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Besides, the relationship among XIST, miR-29a and MYC was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter assay, RIP, and RNA pull down assays. AML KG-1 cells were treated with anti-tumor drug Adriamycin. The role of XIST/miR-29a/MYC in cellular viability, apoptosis and drug resistance in AML was accessed via gain- and loss-of-function approaches. At last, we evaluated role of XIST/miR-29a/MYC on tumorigenesis in vivo. Results XIST and MYC were up-regulated, and miR-29a was down-regulated in AML bone marrow cells. Silencing XIST inhibited cellular activity and drug resistance but promoted cellular apoptosis of KG-1 cells by down-regulating MYC. XIST inhibited miR-29a expression to up-regulate MYC. Moreover, silencing XIST inhibited tumorigenesis of AML cells in vivo. Conclusions Overall, down-regulation of XIST decreased MYC expression through releasing the inhibition on miR-29a, thereby reducing drug resistance, inhibiting viability and promoting apoptosis of AML cells.

scholarly journals PAK1 Mediates Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Induced Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banban Li ◽  
Ruinan Jia ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Dongmei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
P21 Activated Kinase ◽  
Acute Myeloid

BackgroundChemoresistance is emerging as a major barrier to successful treatment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) protect leukemia cells from chemotherapy eventually leading to recurrence. This study was designed to investigate the role of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in AML progression and chemosensitivity, highlighting the mechanism of stroma-mediated chemoresistance.MethodsThe GEPIA and TCGA datasets were used to analyze the relationship between PAK1 mRNA expression and various clinical parameters of AML patients. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined to evaluate the role of PAK1 on chemosensitivity in AML by silencing PAK1 with shRNA or small molecular inhibitor. Human BMSC (HS-5) was utilized to mimic the leukemia bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in vitro, and co-culture model was established to investigate the role of PAK1 in BMSC-mediated drug resistance.Resultsp21-activated kinase 1 high expression was shown to be associated with shorter overall survival in AML patients. The silence of PAK1 could repress cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and enhance the sensitivity of AML cells to chemotherapeutic agents. More importantly, BMSCs induced PAK1 up-regulation in AML cells, subsequently activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The effect of BMSC-mediated apoptotic-resistance could be partly reversed by knock down of PAK1.Conclusionp21-activated kinase 1 is a potential prognostic predictor for AML patients. PAK1 may play a pivotal role in mediating BMM-induced drug resistance, representing a novel therapeutic target in AML.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of Microenvironmental Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Enhance the Chemosensitivity of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Takam Kamga ◽  
Giada Dal Collo ◽  
Adriana Cassaro ◽  
Riccardo Bazzoni ◽  
Pietro Delfino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been reported in Acute Myeloid leukemia, but little is known about its significance as a prognostic biomarker and drug target. In this study, we first evaluated the correlation between expression levels of Wnt molecules and clinical outcome. Then, we studied—in vitro and in vivo—the anti-leukemic value of combinatorial treatment between Wnt inhibitors and classic anti-leukemia drugs. Higher levels of β-catenin, Ser675-phospho-β-catenin and GSK-3α (total and Ser 9) were found in AML cells from intermediate or poor risk patients; nevertheless, patients presenting high activity of Wnt/β-catenin displayed shorter progression-free survival (PFS) according to univariate analysis. In vitro, many pharmacological inhibitors of Wnt signalling, i.e., LRP6 (Niclosamide), GSK-3 (LiCl, AR-A014418), and TCF/LEF (PNU-74654) but not Porcupine (IWP-2), significantly reduced proliferation and improved the drug sensitivity of AML cells cultured alone or in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. In vivo, PNU-74654, Niclosamide and LiCl administration significantly reduced the bone marrow leukemic burden acting synergistically with Ara-C, thus improving mouse survival. Overall, our study demonstrates the antileukemic role of Wnt/β-catenin inhibition that may represent a potential new therapeutics strategy in AML.

Stromal-mediated down-regulation of CD13 in bone marrow cells originating from acute myeloid leukemia patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Dybkaer ◽  
Gitte Olesen ◽  
F. Skou Pedersen ◽  
Jørgen Schøler Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Acute Myeloid ◽  
Marrow Cells

scholarly journals SETDB1 Mediated H3K9 Methylation Suppresses MLL-Fusion Target Expression and Leukemic Transformation

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Muntean ◽  
James Ropa ◽  
Nirmalya SAHA ◽  
Hsiang-Yu Hu ◽  
Justin Serio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Leukemic Transformation ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Genes encoding epigenetic proteins are mutated in about 70% of Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients underscoring their role in leukemic transformation. Epigenetic deregulation of the HOXA gene cluster drives transformation of about 50% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as those harboring MLL rearrangements, NPM mutations and others. Indeed, expression of Hoxa9 and its co-factor Meis1 is sufficient to transform bone marrow cells into a lethal AML. We have shown that epigenetic regulation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 is mediated through the Polymerase Associated Factor 1 complex (PAF1c). The PAF1c binds to RNA polymerase II and recruits enzymes that alter epigenetic landscapes and influence gene transcription. We and others have shown that the PAF1c directly binds and recruits MLL and MLL fusion proteins to target genes such as Hoxa9 and Meis1 to deliver H3K4 methylation or H3K79 methylation activity respectively. Importantly, the PAF1c-MLL1 interaction is necessary for the growth of MLL-fusion leukemia cells but appears dispensable for normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) function. This suggests the PAF1c is differentially required in leukemic cells compared to its normal counterparts. Thus, we aimed to 1) define the role of the PAF1c in normal hematopoiesis, and 2) identify mechanisms regulating PAF1c function that may be deregulated in leukemia. To understand the role of the PAF1c in hematopoiesis, we conditionally deleted the PAF1c subunit Cdc73 in HSPCs in hematopoietic cells. Conditional hematopoietic deletion of Cdc73 leads to lethality within a week due to a depletion of c-kit+ cells. Characterization revealed a cell autonomous requirement for Cdc73 to prevent apoptosis in HSPCs. Gene expression profiling on both c-kit+ hematopoietic cells and AML cells revealed that Hoxa9/Meis1 gene programs are differentially responsive to loss of Cdc73. This work revealed an essential role for the PAF1c subunit in maintaining viability of HSPCs and points to AML specific functions for the PAF1c. Thus, we utilized immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectroscopy to identify novel PAF1c interactions in AML cells. We found a novel interaction with several H3K9 methyltransferases including SETDB1. We demonstrate that the PAF1c-SETDB1 interaction reduces expression of Hoxa9 and Meis1 by promoting deposition of H3K9me3. These findings mirrored human AML patient samples that showed SETDB1 expression was inversely correlated with HOXA9 and MEIS1 expression. Further, SETDB1 expression is correlated to disease status and overall survival in AML patients. We recapitulated these findings in mice, where high expression of SETDB1 delayed MLL-AF9 mediated disease progression by promoting differentiation of AML cells. We also explored the biological impact of treating normal and malignant hematopoietic cells with an H3K9 methyltransferase inhibitor, UNC0638. While AML cells demonstrate cytotoxicity to UNC0638 treatment, normal bone marrow cells exhibit an expansion of HSPCs. Consistent with these data, we show that bone marrow treated with UNC0638 is more amenable to transformation by MLL-AF9. Next generation sequencing of AML cells shows that high expression of SETDB1 induces repressive changes to the promoter epigenome and downregulation of genes linked with AML, including Dock1 and the MLL-AF9 target genes Hoxa9, Six1, and others. These data reveal novel targets of SETDB1 in AML that point to a role for SETDB1 in negatively regulating pro-leukemic target genes and suppressing AML. Disclosures Maillard: Genentech: Consultancy; Regeneron: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Leukemia stem cell-bone marrow microenvironment interplay in acute myeloid leukemia development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Yao ◽  
Fenglin Li ◽  
Jiansong Huang ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Huafeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Bone Marrow Microenvironment ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
High Relapse Rate ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Acute Myeloid

AbstractDespite the advances in intensive chemotherapy regimens and targeted therapies, overall survival (OS) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unfavorable due to inevitable chemotherapy resistance and high relapse rate, which mainly caused by the persistence existence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), the home of hematopoiesis, has been considered to play a crucial role in both hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. When interrupted by the AML cells, a malignant BMM formed and thus provided a refuge for LSCs and protecting them from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. In this review, we summarized the alterations in the bidirectional interplay between hematopoietic cells and BMM in the normal/AML hematopoietic environment, and pointed out the key role of these alterations in pathogenesis and chemotherapy resistance of AML. Finally, we focused on the current potential BMM-targeted strategies together with future prospects and challenges. Accordingly, while further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind LSC–BMM interaction, targeting the interaction is perceived as a potential therapeutic strategy to eradicate LSCs and ultimately improve the outcome of AML.

c-Myc plays part in drug resistance mediated by bone marrow stromal cells in acute myeloid leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xia ◽  
Chen Tian ◽  
Shanqi Guo ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Dandan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid

scholarly journals Acute myeloid leukemia induces protumoral p16INK4a-driven senescence in the bone marrow microenvironment

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina M. Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Charlotte Hellmich ◽  
Christopher R. Marlein ◽  
Jayna Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Senescent Phenotype ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an age-related disease that is highly dependent on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. With increasing age, tissues accumulate senescent cells, characterized by an irreversible arrest of cell proliferation and the secretion of a set of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we report that AML blasts induce a senescent phenotype in the stromal cells within the BM microenvironment and that the BM stromal cell senescence is driven by p16INK4a expression. The p16INK4a-expressing senescent stromal cells then feed back to promote AML blast survival and proliferation via the SASP. Importantly, selective elimination of p16INK4a+ senescent BM stromal cells in vivo improved the survival of mice with leukemia. Next, we find that the leukemia-driven senescent tumor microenvironment is caused by AML-induced NOX2-derived superoxide. Finally, using the p16-3MR mouse model, we show that by targeting NOX2 we reduced BM stromal cell senescence and consequently reduced AML proliferation. Together, these data identify leukemia-generated NOX2-derived superoxide as a driver of protumoral p16INK4a-dependent senescence in BM stromal cells. Our findings reveal the importance of a senescent microenvironment for the pathophysiology of leukemia. These data now open the door to investigate drugs that specifically target the “benign” senescent cells that surround and support AML.

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