scholarly journals Pyrolysis kinetic modelling of abundant plastic waste (PET) and in-situ emission monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Osman ◽  
Charlie Farrell ◽  
Alaa H. Al-Muhtaseb ◽  
Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh ◽  
John Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Emission Monitoring ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetic

scholarly journals Pyrolysis kinetic modelling of abundant plastic waste (PET) and in-situ emissions monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Osman ◽  
Charlie Farrell ◽  
Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb ◽  
Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh ◽  
John Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

Abstract Background: Recycling the ever-increasing plastic waste has become an urgent global concern. One of the most convenient methods for plastic recycling is pyrolysis, owing to its environmentally friendly nature and its intrinsic properties. Understanding the pyrolysis process and the degradation mechanism is crucial for scale-up and reactor design. Therefore, we studied kinetic modelling of the pyrolysis process for one of the most common plastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The focus was to better understand and predict PET pyrolysis when transitioning to a low carbon economy and adhering to environmental and governmental legislation. This work aims at presenting for the first time, the kinetic triplet (activation energy, pre-exponential constant and reaction rate) for the PET pyrolysis using the differential iso-conversional method. This is coupled with the in-situ online tracking of the gaseous emissions using mass spectrometry.Results: The differential iso-conversional method showed activation energy (Ea) values of 165-195 kJ.mol-1, R2 = 0.99659. While the ASTM-E698 showed 165.6 kJ.mol-1 and integral methods such as Flynn-Wall and Ozawa (FWO) (166-180 kJ.mol-1). The in-situ Mass Spectrometry results showed the pyrolysis gaseous emissions which are C1-hydrocarbon and H-O-C=O along with C2 hydrocarbons, C5- C6 hydrocarbons, acetaldehyde, the fragment of O-CH=CH2, hydrogen and water. Conclusions: From the obtained results herein, thermal predictions (isothermal, non-isothermal and step-based heating) were determined based on the kinetic parameters and can be used at numerous scales with a high level of accuracy compared with the literature.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis kinetic modelling of abundant plastic waste (PET) and in-situ emissions monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Osman ◽  
Charlie Farrell ◽  
Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb ◽  
Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh ◽  
John Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Kinetic Triplet

Abstract Background: Recycling the ever-increasing plastic waste has become an urgent global concern. One of the most convenient methods for plastic recycling is pyrolysis, owing to its environmentally friendly nature and its intrinsic properties. Understanding the pyrolysis process and the degradation mechanism is crucial for scale-up and reactor design. Therefore, we studied kinetic modelling of the pyrolysis process for one of the most common plastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The focus was to better understand and predict PET pyrolysis when transitioning to a low carbon economy and adhering to environmental and governmental legislation. This work aims at presenting for the first time, the kinetic triplet (activation energy, pre-exponential constant and reaction rate) for the PET pyrolysis using the differential iso-conversional method. This is coupled with the in-situ online tracking of the gaseous emissions using mass spectrometry. Results: The differential iso-conversional method showed activation energy (E a ) values of 165-195 kJ.mol -1 , R 2 = 0.99659. While the ASTM-E698 showed 165.6 kJ.mol -1 and integral methods such as Flynn-Wall and Ozawa (FWO) (166-180 kJ.mol -1 ). The in-situ MS results showed the pyrolysis gaseous emissions which are C 1 -hydrocarbon and H-O-C=O along with C 2 hydrocarbons, C 5 - C 6 hydrocarbons, acetaldehyde, the fragment of O-CH=CH 2 , hydrogen and water. Conclusions: The kinetic triplet along with the in-situ monitoring of the gaseous emissions of PET pyrolysis can benefit in the process modelling of this system to help better understand the process at scale. This ultimately aids in reactor optimization and design at scale, as it gives a better insight into the reaction mechanism. This can be used by plastic recyclers worldwide and the predictions made in this study can be used to determine how the rate of reaction changes based on temperature and heating rate beyond experimental results both isothermally, non-isothermally and in stepwise heating regimes.

Application of Epoxy Resin for Improvement of the Banana Stem-Acoustic Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Azril Riduan ◽  
Mohd Jumain Jalil ◽  
Intan Suhada Azmi ◽  
Afifudin Habulat ◽  
Danial Nuruddin Azlan Raofuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
To Come

Background: Greener epoxidation by using vegetable oil to create an eco-friendly epoxide is being studied because it is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly commodity that is safer than non-renewable materials. The aim of this research is to come up with low-cost solutions for banana trunk acoustic panels with kinetic modelling of epoxy-based palm oil. Method: In this study, the epoxidation of palm oleic acid was carried out by in situ performic acid to produce epoxidized palm oleic acid. Results: Banana trunk acoustic panel was successfully innovated based on the performance when the epoxy was applied. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed by using the numerical integration of the 4th order Runge-Kutta method, and the results showed that there is a good agreement between the simulation and experimental data, which validates the kinetic model. Conclusion: Overall, the peracid mechanism was effective in producing a high yield of epoxy from palm oleic acid that is useful for the improvement of acoustic panels based on the banana trunk.

Quantitative Spectrographic Analysis for in Situ Continuous Emission Monitoring

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Shlifshteyn ◽  
Fred D. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Frequency Domain Method ◽  
Continuous Emission ◽  
Emission Monitoring ◽  
Software Algorithms ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Continuous Emission Monitoring

To determine the thermal efficiency and the effluent flow rates of fossil-fired boilers, Exergetic Systems has developed an in situ, dispersive interferometer. This Emissions Spectral Radiometer/Fuel Flow instrument (ESR/FF) can measure effluent concentrations with the high accuracies needed to make efficiency determinations and to meet environmental control requirements. This paper discusses the software algorithms developed to process the data from these instruments to provide accurate peak-to-peak normalization of measured absorbance data to HITRAN-generated data. After implementation of both signal-domain and frequency-domain normalization, the frequency-domain method was chosen because it was significantly faster to process. With the use of this analysis method and the pre-installation calibration method described herein, flue gas compounds are quantified with a sensitivity of 10 Δppm. This inexpensive and reliable instrument yields accurate quantitative analysis of flue gases for continuous emission monitoring (CEM) of fossil-fired boilers.

Molecular nitrogen from coal pyrolysis: Kinetic modelling

1995 ◽  
Vol 126 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Boudou ◽  
J. Espitalié
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetic

Devolatilization behaviour and pyrolysis kinetic modelling of Spanish biomass fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Granada ◽  
P. Eguía ◽  
J. A. Comesaña ◽  
D. Patiño ◽  
J. Porteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetic

Time-Resolved Optical Studies of Amorphous CoSi Thin-Film Crystallization

1992 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Libera ◽  
T. Kim ◽  
K. Siangchaew ◽  
L. Clevenger ◽  
Q. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Optical Studies ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Measurements ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTTime-resolved reflection and transmission measurements during heating are coupled with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the crystallization of amorphous 75nm Co49Si51 films. The reflection decreases and the transmission increases upon crystallization. Optical data are converted to a measure of the fraction crystallized, χ=χ(T,t). A Kissinger analysis gives an activation energy for crystallization of 1.1 eV. TEM analysis of films crystallized in-situ show they are principally CoSi2 with a small amount of CoSi2. These results are being used for kinetic modelling of crystallization of amorphous Co-silicide films for potential use in Si mosfet and bipolar technologies.

scholarly journals Graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysis: the hydroperoxyl radical role revealed by kinetic modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Velo-Gala ◽  
André Torre Torres Pinto ◽  
Cláudia Gomes Silva ◽  
Bunsho Ohtani ◽  
Adrián M.T. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Hydroperoxyl Radical ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism

Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is an optical semiconductor with the advantage of in situ H2O2 generation parallel to pollutant removal. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism using GCN is attributed to...

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