scholarly journals Impacts of interpersonal distancing on-board trains during the COVID-19 emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Coppola ◽  
Francesco De Fabiis
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Interpersonal Distancing

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 emergency and the cities lockdown have had a strong impact on transport and mobility. In particular, travel demand has registered an unprecedented overall contraction, dramatically dropping down with peaks of - 90%-95% passengers for public transport (PT). During the re-opening phase, demand is gradually resuming the levels before the crisis, although some structural changes are observed in travel behaviour, and containment measures to reduce the risk of contagion are still being applied, affecting transport supply. Objective This paper aims at assessing to what extent keeping a one-meter interpersonal distancing on-board trains is sustainable for public transport companies. Method The analysis is based on travel demand forecasting models applied to two case-studies in Italy: a suburban railway line and a High-speed Rail (HSR) line, differentiated by demand characteristics (e.g. urban vs. ex-urban) and train access system (free access vs. reservation required). Results In the suburban case, the results show the need of new urban policies, not only limited to the transport domain, in order to manage the demand peaks at the stations and on-board vehicles. In the ex-urban case, the outputs suggest the need for public subsidies in order for the railways undertakings to cope with revenue losses and, at the same time, to maintain service quality levels.

scholarly journals Impacts of interpersonal distancing on-board trains during the COVID-19 emergency: case studies and viewpoints from industry, consultancies and public transportation companies in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Coppola ◽  
Francesco De Fabiis
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Emergency Case ◽  
High Speed Trains ◽  
The Times ◽  
Interpersonal Distancing

Abstract The emergency from COVID-19 and the cities lockdown have had a strong impact on transportation sector. Travel demand, in particular, registered an unprecedented overall contraction, especially in passenger transportation which has dramatically dropped down with peaks of less 90%-95%. In the re-opening phase, travel demand is gradually resuming the levels before the crisis, but some structural changes are observed both in travel behavior and in transportation supply.This paper aims at giving a contribution to the undergoing debate by presenting the results of a study to forecast the impacts of keeping an interpersonal distancing of one-meter between passengers on board (sub-urban and high-speed) trains. The results of the study have been shared and discussed with a panel of chief executives of industries, consultancies in the mobility sector and Public Transportation (PT) companies. It has emerged that interpersonal distancing and the reduced level of capacity on board vehicles are seen as effective to prevent the contagion, but are perceived as not sustainable due to the induced increase in operating costs. This is confirmed by the simulation carried out during the study which have showed the need of new urban policies not only limited to the transportation domain (e.g. changes in the times of schools, commerce and industries) in order to manage the demand peaks at the stations and on-board vehicles.

scholarly journals An Integrated Model for Demand Forecasting and Train Stop Planning for High-Speed Rail

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowei Jin ◽  
Shiwei He ◽  
Jiabin Li ◽  
Yubin Li ◽  
Xiaole Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Line Planning ◽  
Modal Choice ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
The Impact

Studying the interaction between demand forecasting and train stop planning is important, as it ensures the sustainable development of high-speed rail (HSR). Forecasting the demand for high-speed rail (HSR), which refers to modal choice or modal split in this paper, is the first step in high-speed rail (HSR) planning. Given the travel demand and the number of train trips on each route, the train stop planning problem (TSPP) of line planning involves determining the stations at which each train trip stops, i.e., the stop-schedule of each train trip, so that the demand can be satisfied. To integrate and formulate the two problems, i.e., the modal choice problem (MCP) and train stop planning problem (TSPP), a nonlinear model is presented with the objective of maximizing the total demand captured by a high-speed rail system. To solve the model, a heuristic iterative algorithm is developed. To study the relationship between the demand and the service, the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed rail (HSR) corridor in China is selected. The empirical analysis indicates that combining modal choice and train stop planning should be considered for the sustainable design of high-speed rail (HSR) train services. Furthermore, the model simulates the impact of the number of stops on its mode share by reflecting changes in travelers’ behaviors according to HSR train stop planning, and it also provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the adaptability of the service network to travel demand.

Strategies for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Analysis of Best Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the approved strategies for sustainable mobility (sustainable transport) in the world’s leading cities. It is shown that most strategic documents contain similar principles and goals that determine the transformation vectors for cities. The fundamental principles include hierarchy of priorities (not only financial, but also in terms of equitable distribution of urban space, starting from pedestrian and bicycle mobility and public transport and ending with parking); increasing ecomobility, involving the “80:20” principle (fixing the goal of bringing the share of sustainable modes of mobility to 80% and decreasing the share of cars to 20% by 2030); “healthy streets, healthy people” and “complete streets” (reformatting car-oriented streets into bicycle and pedestrian spaces, administrative restrictions for cars, internalization of externalities); development of environmentally friendly high-speed rail public transport and the creation of preferential access rights for public transport; Vision Zero (zero tolerance for road accidents); compactness, polycentricity, and transit-oriented development; smart transport and multimodality; consideration of the transport system as one of the integral parts of the city’s stability (holistic view), etc. It is determined that the analyzed mobility strategies organically integrate into the general trajectory of sustainable long-term development and promotion of real human wellbeing. Most strategies focus on personal experience of their beneficiaries, which lies at the heart of any reform (people-centered approach). An additional benefit resulting from the implementation of sustainable mobility strategies is lower density and safer distancing within cities, which is highly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as reduced freight prices and development of a more just and secure city environment.

Forecast of domestic air travel demand change by opening the high speed rail

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Whan Kim ◽  
Hyun Yeal Seo ◽  
Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Air Travel Demand

scholarly journals CUSTOMER PERCEPTION OF SERVICE QUALITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Grujičić ◽  
Ivan Ivanović ◽  
Jadranka Jović ◽  
Vladimir Đorić
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
System Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Process

This paper presents the research and analysis process showing that transport system customers have a specific perception of service quality, as an indicator of transport system. Determining satisfactory level of service quality implies knowledge of travel demand and travel behaviour. There are a lot of elements that define the transport system quality. The goal of this paper is to identify the public transport system’s service quality elements that should be primarily acted on, in order to increase the level of service quality from transport system users’ (public transport users’ and non-users’) point of view, with minimal investment. The paper describes a specifically defined research methodology for determining service quality elements that should be primarily acted on, from the transport system users’ point of view. Methodology involves the use of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) which is upgraded with the state preferences analysis. Presented methodology, which is used to determine user perception of service quality, can be considered to be universal. This methodology can be applied in other cities, with additional research that must precede its use. The methodology was tested on transport system users in Belgrade.

Energy and Transport: Strategies for Energy Conservation in Urban Passenger Transport

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Schou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Energy Constraints ◽  
Transport Modes

Before proceeding to explore potential strategies for energy conservation in urban passenger transport, this paper presents some evidence on energy efficiencies of various transport modes and on travel behaviour under energy constraints. Knowledge of the relative energy efficiencies of different modes of transport is evidently necessary for analysing and developing policies for fuel conservation. Although the automobile does appear to be significantly more energy-intensive than public transport modes, this does not automatically indicate that a policy to attract people to public transport would lead to the maximum possible fuel savings. Available evidence on travel behaviour under energy constraints indicates that the elasticity of travel demand is very small. Increasing prices, within the range expected, are not likely to result in satisfactory fuel savings, and it is therefore necessary to consider alternative strategies. The strategies to be considered here may be outlined as follows: (1) improving fuel efficiency of automobiles by modifying driving habits, reducing speeds, improving traffic flows, and keeping vehicles properly maintained; (2) increasing efficiency of automobile travel by promoting higher occupancies; (3) attracting car travellers to public transport; (4) shifting to smaller, more fuel-efficient vehicles, changing vehicle and engine designs such as to improve the inherent fuel efficiency of the automobile; (5) technological change: new propulsion systems, alternative fuels, and rapid personal transport; (6) reducing travel needs by changing land-use patterns and improving communications. These strategies are discussed in turn and, given the available information about travel patterns and behaviour, an attempt is made to assess their likely impact. Clearly those strategies should be selected which offer the maximum potential fuel savings and which can be introduced with minimum sacrifice.

Intermodal Connection of High-Speed Rail with Interregional Bus Services in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 674-684
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Yashiro ◽  
Hironori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Intermodal Transportation ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services

An intermodal transportation service consisting of high-speed rail (HSR) and an interregional bus service is one policy option for rural areas where interregional travel demand is too low to justify the construction of HSR. This study reviews current interregional bus services connecting with interregional rail, particularly HSR, in Japan, and analyzes the market potential for improving intermodal transportation by integrating HSR with an interregional bus service. It reviews the current interregional transportation network and related travel demand, including for air, rail, and bus. It also analyzes the connectivity of rail+bus intermodal transportation. The analysis showed poor connectivity of HSR and interregional bus services in Japan. Next, an interregional travel mode choice model is estimated with a nested-logit model using data from the Interregional Travel Survey 2010. Then, origin–destination pairs constituting the potential travel demand of the rail+bus option are identified using simple market analysis. This revealed that origin–destination pairs connecting prefectural cities along the Tohoku Shinkansen (HSR) with Kofu City could gain modal shift from other travel modes to rail+bus through improvement in the connection or introduction of a new interregional bus service connected with HSR. Expected changes in modal shares for rail+bus are estimated through a case study where a connection at the HSR station is hypothetically improved by a newly introduced interregional bus service. This suggests that improvements in connectivity at the HSR station could encourage the intermodal transportation service of rail+bus, even for areas not connected with the HSR network.

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