scholarly journals Transcription factor regulatory modules provide the molecular mechanisms for functional redundancy observed among transcription factors in yeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hsien Yang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Protein Interaction Data ◽  
Regulatory Modules ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction

Abstract Background Current technologies for understanding the transcriptional reprogramming in cells include the transcription factor (TF) chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments and the TF knockout experiments. The ChIP experiments show the binding targets of TFs against which the antibody directs while the knockout techniques find the regulatory gene targets of the knocked-out TFs. However, it was shown that these two complementary results contain few common targets. Researchers have used the concept of TF functional redundancy to explain the low overlap between these two techniques. But the detailed molecular mechanisms behind TF functional redundancy remain unknown. Without knowing the possible molecular mechanisms, it is hard for biologists to fully unravel the cause of TF functional redundancy. Results To mine out the molecular mechanisms, a novel algorithm to extract TF regulatory modules that help explain the observed TF functional redundancy effect was devised and proposed in this research. The method first searched for candidate TF sets from the TF binding data. Then based on these candidate sets the method utilized the modified Steiner Tree construction algorithm to construct the possible TF regulatory modules from protein-protein interaction data and finally filtered out the noise-induced results by using confidence tests. The mined-out regulatory modules were shown to correlate to the concept of functional redundancy and provided testable hypotheses of the molecular mechanisms behind functional redundancy. And the biological significance of the mined-out results was demonstrated in three different biological aspects: ontology enrichment, protein interaction prevalence and expression coherence. About 23.5% of the mined-out TF regulatory modules were literature-verified. Finally, the biological applicability of the proposed method was shown in one detailed example of a verified TF regulatory module for pheromone response and filamentous growth in yeast. Conclusion In this research, a novel method that mined out the potential TF regulatory modules which elucidate the functional redundancy observed among TFs is proposed. The extracted TF regulatory modules not only correlate the molecular mechanisms to the observed functional redundancy among TFs, but also show biological significance in inferring TF functional binding target genes. The results provide testable hypotheses for biologists to further design subsequent research and experiments.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics analysis of mRNA and miRNA microarray to identify the key miRNA-mRNA pairs in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Xue ◽  
Shupeng Li ◽  
Xianyu Jin ◽  
Lifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mirna Sequence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological malignancy with the highest mortality rate. Cisplatin (DDP) based chemotherapy is a standard strategy for ovarian cancer. Despite good response rates for initial chemotherapy, almost 80% of the patients treated with DDP based chemotherapy will experience recurrence due to drug-resistant, which will ultimately result in fatality. The aim of the present study was to examine the pathogenesis and potential molecular markers of cisplatin-resistant OC by studying the differential expression of mRNAs and miRNAs between cisplatin resistant OC cell lines and normal cell lines. Methods Two mRNA datasets (GSE58470 and GSE45553) and two miRNA sequence datasets (GSE58469 and GSE148251) were downloaded from the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were screened by the NetworkAnalyst. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted to analyze the biological functions of DEGs. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape software to identify the molecular mechanisms of key signaling pathways and cellular activities. FunRich and MiRNATip databases were used to identify the target genes of the DEMs. Results A total of 380 DEGs, and 5 DEMs were identified. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs containing 379 nodes and 1049 edges was constructed, and 4 key modules and 24 hub genes related to cisplatin-resistant OC were screened. Two hundred ninety-nine target genes of the 5 DEMs were found out. Subsequently, one of these 299 target genes (UBB) belonging to the hub genes of GSE58470 and GSE45553 was identified by MCODE and CytoHubba,which was regulated by one miRNA (mir-454). Conclusions One miRNA–mRNA regulatory pairs (mir-454-UBB) was established. Taken together, our study provided evidence concerning the alteration genes involved in cisplatin-resistant OC, which will help to unravel the mechanisms underlying drug resistant.

scholarly journals Interactome of vertebrate GAF/ThPOK reveals its diverse functions in gene regulation and DNA repair

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Srivastava ◽  
Rakesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Protein Interaction Data ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

Evolutionary conservation and lineage-specific diversification of existing proteins forms the basis for evolving complexity of protein-protein interaction networks and presumably, thereby that of the organism. GAGA associated factor (GAF) belongs to BTB/POZ and zinc finger family of transcription factors and it is conserved from flies to humans. Emerging evidence shows indispensable roles of vertebrate GAF (vGAF a.k.a. ThPOK) in functionally divergent developmental processes like hematopoiesis, adipogenesis, and lactation. vGAF is a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor with multiple context-dependent roles in gene activation/repression, enhancer-blocking and more recently, it has shown to be the part of ribonucleoprotein complexes as well. In order to understand the molecular basis of these diverse functions, we analyzed the protein-protein interactome of vGAF. This analysis shows vGAF association with chromatin remodelers, RNA metabolic machinery, transcriptional activators/repressors, and components of DNA repair machinery, thereby provides a plausible explanation for the diverse molecular functions of vGAF. Our findings discern the novel role of vGAF in several molecular processes like DNA repair and RNA metabolism. We further tested the biological significance of our protein-protein interaction data and show a novel function of vGAF in DNA repair and cell survival after UV induced DNA damage. Consistent with these results, analysis of high-throughput RNA-seq data shows the downregulation of vGAF in samples of skin cutaneous melanoma for which the primary cause is UV induced DNA damage. These findings suggest vGAF as an early diagnostic biomarker for skin cutaneous melanoma. Taken together, our study reveals a molecular basis for the diverse functions of vGAF. We uncover its role in DNA repair and provide an explanation for key roles of such evolutionary conserved factors in processes like development and disease.

scholarly journals Multi-omic regulatory networks capture downstream effects of kinase inhibition in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert T. Young ◽  
Xavier Carette ◽  
Michaela Helmel ◽  
Hanno Steen ◽  
Robert N. Husson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Protein Interaction Data ◽  
Kinase Inhibition ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Regulate Cell Growth ◽  
Regulatory Effects

AbstractThe ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to adapt to diverse stresses in its host environment is crucial for pathogenesis. Two essential Mtb serine/threonine protein kinases, PknA and PknB, regulate cell growth in response to environmental stimuli, but little is known about their downstream effects. By combining RNA-Seq data, following treatment with either an inhibitor of both PknA and PknB or an inactive control, with publicly available ChIP-Seq and protein–protein interaction data for transcription factors, we show that the Mtb transcription factor (TF) regulatory network propagates the effects of kinase inhibition and leads to widespread changes in regulatory programs involved in cell wall integrity, stress response, and energy production, among others. We also observe that changes in TF regulatory activity correlate with kinase-specific phosphorylation of those TFs. In addition to characterizing the downstream regulatory effects of PknA/PknB inhibition, this demonstrates the need for regulatory network approaches that can incorporate signal-driven transcription factor modifications.

scholarly journals Correction: Rational design of a stapled JAZ9 peptide inhibiting protein–protein interaction of a plant transcription factor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaho Suzuki ◽  
Yousuke Takaoka ◽  
Minoru Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Inhibiting Protein

Correction for ‘Rational design of a stapled JAZ9 peptide inhibiting protein–protein interaction of a plant transcription factor’ by Kaho Suzuki et al., RSC Chem. Biol., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00204f.

scholarly journals Decoding the molecular mechanism of parthenocarpy in Musa spp. through protein–protein interaction network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suthanthiram Backiyarani ◽  
Rajendran Sasikala ◽  
Simeon Sharmiladevi ◽  
Subbaraya Uma
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
The Difference

AbstractBanana, one of the most important staple fruit among global consumers is highly sterile owing to natural parthenocarpy. Identification of genetic factors responsible for parthenocarpy would facilitate the conventional breeders to improve the seeded accessions. We have constructed Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network through mining differentially expressed genes and the genes used for transgenic studies with respect to parthenocarpy. Based on the topological and pathway enrichment analysis of proteins in PPI network, 12 candidate genes were shortlisted. By further validating these candidate genes in seeded and seedless accession of Musa spp. we put forward MaAGL8, MaMADS16, MaGH3.8, MaMADS29, MaRGA1, MaEXPA1, MaGID1C, MaHK2 and MaBAM1 as possible target genes in the study of natural parthenocarpy. In contrary, expression profile of MaACLB-2 and MaZEP is anticipated to highlight the difference in artificially induced and natural parthenocarpy. By exploring the PPI of validated genes from the network, we postulated a putative pathway that bring insights into the significance of cytokinin mediated CLAVATA(CLV)–WUSHEL(WUS) signaling pathway in addition to gibberellin mediated auxin signaling in parthenocarpy. Our analysis is the first attempt to identify candidate genes and to hypothesize a putative mechanism that bridges the gaps in understanding natural parthenocarpy through PPI network.

scholarly journals Structural basis for activation of trimeric Gi proteins by multiple growth factor receptors via GIV/Girdin

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 3654-3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsheng Lin ◽  
Jason Ear ◽  
Krishna Midde ◽  
Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez ◽  
Nicolas Aznar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Factor Receptors ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction

A long-standing issue in the field of signal transduction is to understand the cross-talk between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heterotrimeric G proteins, two major and distinct signaling hubs that control eukaryotic cell behavior. Although stimulation of many RTKs leads to activation of trimeric G proteins, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain elusive. We discovered a unifying mechanism that allows GIV/Girdin, a bona fide metastasis-related protein and a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Gαi, to serve as a direct platform for multiple RTKs to activate Gαi proteins. Using a combination of homology modeling, protein–protein interaction, and kinase assays, we demonstrate that a stretch of ∼110 amino acids within GIV C-terminus displays structural plasticity that allows folding into a SH2-like domain in the presence of phosphotyrosine ligands. Using protein–protein interaction assays, we demonstrated that both SH2 and GEF domains of GIV are required for the formation of a ligand-activated ternary complex between GIV, Gαi, and growth factor receptors and for activation of Gαi after growth factor stimulation. Expression of a SH2-deficient GIV mutant (Arg 1745→Leu) that cannot bind RTKs impaired all previously demonstrated functions of GIV—Akt enhancement, actin remodeling, and cell migration. The mechanistic and structural insights gained here shed light on the long-standing questions surrounding RTK/G protein cross-talk, set a novel paradigm, and characterize a unique pharmacological target for uncoupling GIV-dependent signaling downstream of multiple oncogenic RTKs.

scholarly journals Rational design of a stapled JAZ9 peptide inhibiting protein–protein interaction of a plant transcription factor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaho Suzuki ◽  
Yousuke Takaoka ◽  
Minoru Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Inhibiting Protein

A rationally designed stapled JAZ peptide selectively inhibited MYCs, master-regulators of the jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. It is proposed as a novel chemical tool for the analysis of MYC related jasmonate signaling.

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