Ommochrome pathway genes kynurenine 3-hydroxylase and cardinal participate in eye pigmentation in Plutella xylostella

Abstract Background Eye pigmentation genes have been utilized as visible markers for constructing genetic control prototypes in several insect vectors of human disease. Here, orthologs of two ommochrome pathway genes, kynurenine 3-hydroxylase (kmo) and cardinal, were investigated in Plutella xylostella, a globally distributed, economically important pest of Brassica crops. Results Both somatic mosaic and germline mutations were efficiently created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and null mutant strains of Pxkmo and Pxcardinal were obtained. A frame-shift mutation in Pxkmo caused yellow compound eyes at adult stage while an in-frame mutation lacking two amino acids resulted in a hypomorphic red eye phenotypes. In contrast, Pxcardinal-deficient moths with a frame-shift mutation exhibited yellow eye pigmentation in newly emerged adults which turned to red as the adults aged. Additionally, differences were observed in the coloration of larval ocelli, brains and testes in Pxkmo and Pxcardinal yellow-eye mutant lines. Conclusions Our work identifies the important roles of Pxkmo and Pxcardinal in P. xylostella eye pigmentation and provides tools for future genetic manipulation of this important crop pest.

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Identification of a Novel Frame-Shift Mutation in PRSS1 Gene in Han Patients with Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524013666131118114432 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 340-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. Gao ◽

Y. Li ◽

C. Wang ◽

Z. Zhuang ◽

Q.C. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Pancreatitis ◽

Frame Shift ◽

Frame Shift Mutation

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The plastocyanin-deficient phenotype of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Ac-208 results from a frame-shift mutation in the nuclear gene encoding preapoplastocyanin.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53033-7 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 268 (11) ◽

pp. 7832-7841

Author(s):

J. Quinn ◽

H.H. Li ◽

J. Singer ◽

B. Morimoto ◽

L. Mets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Frame Shift ◽

Frame Shift Mutation

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Radiation Research with Pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan): Results on X3 and X4 Generations

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v46i1.12291 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

R. Abrams ◽

J. Vélez-Fortuño

Keyword(s):

Commercial Variety ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Testing Procedures ◽

Standard Testing ◽

Parent Variety ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Γ Rays ◽

Mutant Lines ◽

Radiation Research ◽

Better Than

A number of agronomically desirable mutant strains of pigeonpeas were isolated from seed of Kaki variety irradiated with γ rays and neutrons. Some were earlier than the parent variety while others were later in date of flowering during the X3 and X4 generations tests. Many of the mutant lines also yielded better than the parent variety and late commercial variety Saragateado. The results from the X3 and X4 generations indicate that 1, Irradiation resulted in mutations which conditioned a yield increase in selected pigeonpea lines; 2, mutation effect in yield was large enough to be detected with the standard testing procedures; and 3, it is possible to fix some of the genetic variability in the irradiated families by repeated single plant selections, as in the case of flowering date.

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Mutagenesis development of actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and screening for acarbose production

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/14/4/12310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 753-760

Author(s):

Do Thi Tuyen ◽

Nguyen The Duong ◽

Le Thanh Hoang

Keyword(s):

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Wild Type Strain ◽

Fermentation Medium ◽

Original Strain ◽

Wild Type ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Mutant Lines ◽

Layer Chromatography

Acarbose has been widely used in the therapy of type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent) because it controls blood sugar contents of patients after meals. Acarbose, a pseudo-oligosaccharide, acts as a competitive -glucosidase inhibitor. Acarbose is produced by the strains of Bacillus, Streptomyces and Actinoplanes sp. The aim of this study was to develop mutagenesis for an Actinoplanes sp. strain and screening for acarbose production. The spores of Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 strain were subjected to be mutated by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) for screening and finding mutant strains that were capable of production of higher acarbose (an inhibitor of α-glucosidase) higher than wild type strain. Firstly, the original NTG solution was prepared in phosphate buffer 0.05 M, pH 6.9 and the safety concentration of NTG was determined at 5 mg/ml. Then, the spores were incubated with different NTG amounts and duration. The living colonies were transferred to fermentation medium. The results obtained showed that 15 mutant strains were produced higher acarbose than wild type when used thin layer chromatography method for analysis and comparing with standard acarbose (Sigma). Three cell lines among total tested 15 mutant lines of Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 produced acarbose at a higher level or indicated a higher inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase than the original strain. Enzymatic inhibitory ativity of α-glucosidase of three mutant strains (Actinoplanes sp. KCTC- L4, L11, L14) was increased 1.3 fold higher than wild type and Actinoplanes sp. KCTC spores were very sensitive to NTG toxic, 98% spores could not survive at the treatment condition of 50 µg NTG for 30 minutes. In addition, an applicable protocol for mutating Actinoplanes sp. using NTG was suggested for further research.

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Laboratory evaluations of a wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris as a management tool for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2004328 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 509-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jian-hua Lu ◽

Shu-sheng Liu ◽

A.M. Shelton

Keyword(s):

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Management Tool ◽

Trap Crop ◽

Barbarea Vulgaris ◽

Dead End ◽

Trap Cropping ◽

Important Pest

AbstractThe term ‘dead-end trap cropping’ has recently been proposed to identify a plant that is highly attractive for oviposition by an insect pest, but on which offspring of the pest cannot survive. The potential of the wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. to allure and serve as a dead-end trap crop for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, was examined in laboratory experiments. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris, and Chinese cabbage Brassica campestris (L.), in one arena, adult moths laid 2.5–6.8 times more eggs on the former than on the latter. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris and common cabbage Brassica oleracea L., adult moths laid virtually all their eggs on the former and ignored the latter. Nearly all P. xylostella eggs laid on the three species of plants hatched successfully, but nearly all individuals on plants of B. vulgaris died as neonates or early instar larvae, while 87–100% of the larvae on Chinese cabbage and common cabbage survived to pupation. Dual choice tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed that volatiles from B. vulgaris were much more attractive to P. xylostella adults than those from common cabbage. The results demonstrate that B. vulgaris has a great potential as a dead-end trap crop for improving management of P. xylostella. Factors that may influence the feasibility of using B. vulgaris as a trap crop in the field are discussed, and ways to utilize this plant are proposed.

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Novel frame-shift mutation in Slc5a2 encoding SGLT2 in a strain of senescence-accelerated mouse SAMP10

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.039 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 454 (1) ◽

pp. 89-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Keiko Unno ◽

Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽

Masateru Toda ◽

Shiori Hagiwara ◽

Kazuaki Iguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frame Shift ◽

Frame Shift Mutation ◽

Senescence Accelerated Mouse

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Development of new bread wheat resistant mutants for Ug99 rust disease (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici).

10.1079/9781789249095.0032 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 312-319

Author(s):

Abdulwahid Saif ◽

Aref Al-Shamiri ◽

Abdulnour Shaher

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Rust Diseases ◽

Mutant Lines

Abstract M3 derived mutants from two bread wheat varieties, namely, 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', were screened for resistance to the rust Ug99 at two locations in Njoro (Kenya) and in Tihama (Yemen). At Tihama, two mutants of 'Giza 186' (G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52) and four mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12, S-M2-2010-21-13, S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were seen to be resistant at both seedling and adult stages while their parents were resistant at seedling stage and susceptible at adult stage. In Kenya, the resistance score of the mutants was slightly different from those obtained at Tihama. The mutants G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52 were stable in their level of resistance recorded at Tihama, but only two mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were resistant at both growth stages. S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-21-13 were resistant at the seedling stage while susceptible at adult stage. Further selection on these mutants for yield potential, agronomic performance and yellow rust disease resistance, as well as on selected mutants of both 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', at M5-M6 stages identified superior mutant lines compared with the two parents 'Saha 93' and 'Giza 186'. These included the line Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40, which ranked first in yield (3768 kg/ha), followed by the lines Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19, Erra-010-GM2w-1-28-18 and Erra-010-SwM2-22-14-6. Moreover, it can be concluded that Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40 and Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19 are highly recommended for their resistance to stem and yellow rust diseases as well as for yield potential and preference by farmers. Therefore, efforts are in progress to increase their seeds for dissemination over a wide range of farmers and wheat areas where rust diseases are an epidemic, and for registration of the lines as improved mutant varieties.

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Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1093/jisesa/ieaa066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nian-Meng Wang ◽

Jing-Jing Li ◽

Ze-Yu Shang ◽

Qi-Tong Yu ◽

Chao-Bin Xue

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Cruciferous Vegetables ◽

Transcriptional Expression ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Important Pest ◽

Resistant Strains

Abstract The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.

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