scholarly journals Studying polymorphic variants of the NAT2 gene (NAT2*5 and NAT2*7) in Nenets populations of Northern Siberia

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Pavlovna Tiis ◽  
Ludmila Pavlovna Osipova ◽  
Daria Veniaminovna Lichman ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Voronina ◽  
Maxim Leonidovich Filipenko
Keyword(s):  
Native People ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Northern Siberia ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nat2 Gene ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

Abstract Background N-acetyltransferase 2 plays a crucial role in the metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics, including many drugs, carcinogens, and other chemicals in the human environment. The article presents for the first time data on the frequency of two important “slow” variants of NAT2 gene (NAT2*5, rs1801280 and NAT2*7, rs1799931), which significantly affect the rate of xenobiotics acetylation, among representatives of indigenous populations of Forest and Tundra Nenets in Northern Siberia. The aim of this study was to identify the frequencies of these variants and compare them with frequencies in other ethnic populations. Results NAT2*5 (T341C) genotyping revealed frequencies of 28,0% and 38,6% for Tundra and Forest Nenets, respectively. The frequencies of NAT2*7 (G857A) variant were 9,8% and 8,2% for Tundra and Forest Nenets, respectively. Polymorphic variants frequencies for Nenets are intermediate between those in populations of Europeans and Asians. These results can probably be explained by the presence of both European and Asian components in Nenets gene pools. Conclusions The results of this study expand the knowledge of NAT2 polymorphism in world populations. These data may also help assess the genetic predisposition of Nenets to multifactorial diseases associated with polymorphism in the NAT2 gene and, in general, contribute to the development of personalized medicine in reference to native people of Siberia.

The Gods of Indian Country

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Graber
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Native People ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Racial Ideologies ◽  
Indian Country ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Racial Hierarchies ◽  
Indian Nations ◽  
Physical Displacement

During the nineteenth century, Americans sought the cultural transformation and the physical displacement of American Indian nations. Native people resisted these efforts. Though this process is often understood as a clash of rival economic systems or racial ideologies, it was also a profound spiritual struggle. The conflict over Indian Country sparked crises for both Natives and Americans. In the end, the experience of intercultural encounter and conflict over land produced religious transformations on both sides. This book focuses on Kiowa Indians during Americans’ hundred-year effort to acquire, explore, and seize their homeland between 1803 and 1903. Kiowas had known struggle and dislocation before. But the forces bearing down on them in the form of soldiers, missionaries, and government representatives were unrelenting. Under increasing pressure, Kiowas adapted their rituals in the hopes of using sacred power more effectively. They drew on a wide range of sources and shifted significantly as circumstances demanded. With Indian Country under assault, Kiowas exercised creative improvisation to sustain their lands and people. Against Kiowas stood Protestants and Catholics who hoped to remake Indian Country. These activists asserted the primacy of white Christian civilization and the need to transform the lives of Native peoples. They also saw themselves as the Indian’s friend, teacher, and protector. But as Kiowas resisted their plans, these Christian representatives supported policies that broke treaties and appropriated Native lands. They argued that the benefits of Christianity and civilization outweighed the costs. In order to secure Indian Country and control indigenous populations, they sanctified the economic and racial hierarchies of their day.

Wide Range Underground Water Level Dynamic Information Monitoring Network System

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
Wen Li ◽  
Xiao Mei Wang ◽  
Xue Ke Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Network System ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Information Monitoring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underground Water Level

In order to solve data lack of underground water research and monitoring situation, a wide range underground water lever dynamic information monitoring network system was designed. Remote monitoring terminal based on the techniques of embedded and wireless transmission monitored the change of underground water level; Monitoring analysis center based on the JAVA technology of B/S architecture was designed to inquiry the real-time data,set parameter and analyze data, etc. An approximate water level point was obtained by adopting the modified small period prediction model and the weight distribution method. This enhances reliability of monitored data. By utilizing the technology of GPRS wireless data transmission and Ethernet technology, a remote and real-time data transmission channel was build. Large area application in Shanxi Province shows that the system has the stable performance and the reasonable structure. System can provide long-term reliable data for underground water research.

scholarly journals A General Fitting Function to Estimate Apparent Reaction Orders of Kinetic Profiles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pollice
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reaction Orders

The rapid development of analytical methods in recent decades has resulted in a wide range of readily available and accurate reaction-monitoring techniques, which allow for easy determination of high-quality concentration-time data of chemical reactions. However, while the acquisition of kinetic data has become routine in the development of new chemical reactions and the study of their mechanisms, not all the information contained therein is utilized because of a lack of suitable analysis tools which unnecessarily complicates mechanistic studies. Herein, we report on a general method to analyze a single concentration-time profile of chemical reactions and extract information regarding the reaction order with respect to substrates, the presence of multiple kinetic regimes, and the presence of kinetic complexities, such as catalyst deactivation, product inhibition, and substrate decomposition.<br>

scholarly journals Analysis of the mutational spectrum of the SLC26A4 gene and its contribution to the etiology of inherited hearing loss in the indigenous population of Southern Siberia

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
В.Ю. Данильченко ◽  
М.В. Зыцарь ◽  
Е.А. Маслова ◽  
М.С. Бады-Хоо ◽  
И.В. Морозов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Slc26a4 Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Tyva Republic

Мутации в гене SLC26A4 являются частой причиной потери слуха во многих регионах мира. В работе приводятся результаты молекулярно-генетического анализа (с использованием секвенирования по Сэнгеру) последовательности гена SLC26A4, впервые проведенного в выборке пациентов с потерей слуха неустановленной этиологии (n=232) из Республик Тыва и Алтай. Установлены контрастные различия патогенетического вклада мутаций в гене SLC26A4 в этиологию нарушения слуха у коренных жителей этих географически близких регионов: 28,2% - для тувинцев и 4,3% - для алтайцев. Выявлены как уже известные, так и новые патогенные варианты, а также широкий спектр полиморфных вариантов гена SLC26A4. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene are a common cause of hearing loss in many regions of the world. This paper presents the results of molecular genetic analysis (by Sanger sequencing) of the SLC26A4 sequence, first performed in the sample of patients with hearing loss of unknown etiology (n=232) from the Tyva Republic and the Altai Republic. Contrast differences of the pathogenic contribution of SLC26A4 mutations to the etiology of hearing impairment were revealed in the indigenous peoples of these geographically close regions: 28.2% for Tuvinians and 4.3% for Altaians. Both known and novel pathogenic variants as well as a wide range of polymorphic variants were found in the SLC26A4 gene sequence.

Optimization in Military Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gokhan Metin ◽  
Serol Bulkan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Resource Allocation Problem ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
Real Time Data

In recent years, advancing technology has introduced a wide range of resources for military forces. This rapid improvement in the number and types of military resources also led to difficulties in the management of resource allocation issues in combat missions. The general resource allocation problem can be defined as determining the optimal sequence of resource usage allocations while maximizing the kills on the enemy's forces or minimizing casualties. In this chapter, the authors investigate the resource allocation problems and solution approaches observed in planning military missions. Theoretical background information and some examples based on real-time data are provided to illustrate the chosen problem types.

The Institute of Evolution Wild Cereal Gene Bank at the University of Haifa

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Krugman ◽  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
Alex Beharav ◽  
Hanan Sela ◽  
Tzion Fahima
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University

The Institute of Evolution Wild Cereal Gene Bank (ICGB) at the University of Haifa, Israel, harbors extensive collections of wild emmer wheat (WEW), Triticum dicoccoides, and wild barley (WB), Hordeum spontaneum, the primary progenitors of wheat and barley, respectively. The ICGB also includes minor collections of 10 species of Aegilops, wild oat (Avena barbata), and Brachypodium stacei and B. hybridum (previously distachyon). Here, we describe the WEW and WB collections, explain sampling strategies, and introduce related studies. Natural populations were sampled across Israel along aridity gradients, occurring from north to south and from west to east, and in local microsites with variable (or contrasting) ecological factors. The collection sites varied greatly in terms of climatic (rainfall, temperature and humidity), edaphic (soil types), and topography (altitude, slope) variables. Thus, the ICGB collections represent wild cereals adapted to a wide range of habitats and eco-geographical conditions. We have collected and preserved these unique gene pools since mid-70th, and further used them for theoretical and applied studies in population genetics, evolution, domestication, adaptation to local and regional habitats, and coping mechanisms for a plethora of biotic and abiotic stresses. Our studies revealed that WEW and WB populations from Israel harbor high adaptive genetic diversity that can serve as a reservoir of beneficial alleles to improve important agronomic traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance and improved grain protein content. These mostly untapped genetic resources could contribute to increasing world food production for the constantly rising human population.

scholarly journals Emergence of power laws in the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel due to competing saturable processes.

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A Tuszynski ◽  
Rebeccah E. Marsh ◽  
Michael B. Sawyer ◽  
Kenneth J.E. Vos
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Power Exponent ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose: This study presents the results of power law analysis applied to the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel. Emphasis is placed on the role that the power exponent can play in the investigation and quantification of nonlinear pharmacokinetics and the elucidation of the underlying physiological processes. Methods: Forty-one sets of concentration-time data were inferred from 20 published clinical trial studies, and 8 sets of area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) values as a function of dose were collected. Both types of data were tested for a power law relationship using least squares regression analysis. Results: Thirty-nine of the concentration-time curves were found to exhibit power law tails, and two dominant fractal exponents emerged. Short infusion times led to tails with a single power exponent of -1.57 ± 0.14, while long infusion times resulted in steeper tails characterized by roughly twice the exponent. The curves following intermediate infusion times were characterized by two consecutive power laws; an initial short slope with the larger alpha value was followed by a crossover to a long-time tail characterized by the smaller exponent. The AUC and Cmax parameters exhibited a power law dependence on the dose, with fractional power exponents that agreed with each other and with the exponent characterizing the shallow decline. Computer simulations revealed that a two- or three-compartment model with both saturable distribution and saturable elimination can produce the observed behaviour. Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence that the nonlinear dose-dependence is correlated with the power law tails. Conclusion: Assessment of data from published clinical trials suggests that power laws accurately describe the concentration-time curves and non-linear dose-dependence of paclitaxel, and the power exponents provide insight into the underlying drug mechanisms. The interplay between two saturable processes can produce a wide range of behaviour, including concentration-time curves with exponential, power law, and dual power law tails.

Automatic Weather Stations: Tools for Managing and Monitoring Potential Impacts to Coral Reefs

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Berkelmans ◽  
Jim C. Hendee ◽  
Paul A. Marshall ◽  
Peter V. Ridd ◽  
Alan R. Orpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weather Stations

With recent technological advances and a reduction in the cost of automatic weather stations and data buoys, the potential exists for significant advancement in science and environmental management using near real-time, high-resolution data to predict biological and/or physical events. However, real-world examples of how this potential wealth of data has been used in environmental management are few and far between. We describe in detail two examples where near real-time data are being used for the benefit of science and management. These include a prediction of coral bleaching events using temperature, light and wind as primary predictor variables, and the management of a coastal development where dynamic discharge quality limits are maintained with the aid of wind data as a proxy for turbidity in receiving waters. We argue that the limiting factors for the use of near real-time environmental data in management is frequently not the availability of the data, but the lack of knowledge of the quantitative relationships between biological/physical processes or events and environmental variables. We advocate renewed research into this area and an integrated approach to the use of a wide range of data types to deal with management issues in an innovative, cost-effective manner.

SUPDUT: An Environment to Implement Logic Control Applications for Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz F. de J. Bernardo ◽  
Eliane A. Cid ◽  
Paulo de T. A. Correia ◽  
Ruy L. Milidiu´ ◽  
Frederico dos S. Liporace
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Object Oriented Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Applications

The reliable operation of product transfers in pipelines is essential to the economic results of a pipeline company. This operation heavily depends on calculations performed over real time raw and historical data to assure the expected level of confidence in the operational results. This paper describes the development of a software environment, SUPDUT (abbreviation for the portuguese term Supervisor de Oleodutos, or Pipeline Supervisor), to be used in the development, organization, execution and maintenance of operational applications and to support their communication with other corporate and basic real time systems (SCADA). Application in this context means all kinds of operational or corporate calculations that require information from SCADA. The main advantage of the SUPDUT architecture is that it simplifies the application development and maintenance process, by providing a server that deals with all the complexity related to SCADA communication and application scheduling. The application developer therefore does not need to be concerned with those issues. It also makes the application development independent from the SCADA that collects real time data. The environment is designed to facilitate a simple and rapid implementation of new applications with a minimal impact on the system. Other important SUPDUT environment features are: complete object-oriented design, planned support for distributed applications and reliable application scheduling, support for a wide range of application scheduling options, support for multiple SCADA, support for multiple languages for application development (FORTRAN, C, C++ and Java) and robustness to the addition of new applications. The SUPDUT environment requirements definition and design are completed, and it is in its coding phase as this paper is being written. The first production version of the software is expected to be delivered by the end of 2002.

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