scholarly journals Novel approach for identification of influenza virus host range and zoonotic transmissible sequences by determination of host-related associative positions in viral genome segments

BMC Genomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kargarfard ◽  
Ashkan Sami ◽  
Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh ◽  
Esmaeil Ebrahimie
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Virus Host Range

scholarly journals Novel Flu Viruses in Bats and Cattle: “Pushing the Envelope” of Influenza Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kuchipudi ◽  
Ruth Nissly
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
Major Infectious Disease ◽  
Virus Host Range

Influenza viruses are among the major infectious disease threats of animal and human health. This review examines the recent discovery of novel influenza viruses in bats and cattle, the evolving complexity of influenza virus host range including the ability to cross species barriers and geographic boundaries, and implications to animal and human health.

scholarly journals Influenza Virus Sequence Feature Variant Type Analysis: Evidence of a Role for NS1 in Influenza Virus Host Range Restriction

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 5857-5866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Noronha ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
R. B. Squires ◽  
B. E. Pickett ◽  
B. G. Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Sequence Feature ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Range Restriction ◽  
Variant Type ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Host Range Restriction ◽  
Virus Host Range

The Use of TMAH to Etch Silicon and Expose Metal Bridging Failures

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Morris ◽  
James Mohr ◽  
Esteban Ortiz ◽  
Steven Englebretson
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Failure Location ◽  
Metal Etching ◽  
Plastic Mold

Abstract Determination of metal bridging failures on plastic encapsulated devices is difficult due to the metal etching effects that occur while removing many of the plastic mold compounds. Typically, the acids used to remove the encapsulation are corrosive to the metals that are found within the device. Thus, decapsulation can result in removal of the failure mechanism. Mechanical techniques are often not successful due to damage that results in destruction of the die and failure mechanism. This paper discusses a novel approach to these types of failures using a silicon etch and a backside evaluation. The desirable characteristics of the technique would be to remove the silicon and leave typical device metals unaffected. It would also be preferable that the device passivation and oxides not be etched so that the failure location is not disturbed. The use of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (TMAH), was found to fit these prerequisites. The technique was tested on clip attached Schottky diodes that exhibited resistive shorting. The use of the TMAH technique was successful at exposing thin solder bridges that extruded over the edge of the die resulting in failure.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS OF FREEZING AND DRYING BY VACUUM SUBLIMATION

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Greiff ◽  
Henry Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Virus Suspension ◽  
Vacuum Sublimation ◽  
End Point ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Time Required

A vacuum sublimation apparatus is described which will permit, (a) the removal of water from virus suspensions at temperatures ranging down to –80°C., (b) continuous operation with a minimum of attention from the investigator, (c) sealing off of samples at operating pressures (10–5 mm. Hg), (d) simultaneous lyophilization of aliquot samples at different temperatures, (e) isolation of a portion of the apparatus without disturbing the remainder of the system, and (f) determination of the end-point of sublimation without disturbing the samples. The time required for drying 0.1 ml. of influenza virus suspension was shown to increase markedly with decrease of temperature, 8 days being required for dehydration at –80°C. in contrast to 2 days at –30°C. and 1 day at 0°C.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Virus Host Range E2 Transmembrane Deletion Mutants Induce Protective Immunity against Challenge in C57BL/6J Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 6748-6757 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Piper ◽  
M. Ribeiro ◽  
K. M. Smith ◽  
C. M. Briggs ◽  
E. Huitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Virus Host Range

Preservation for diverse users: digital preservation and the “Designated Community” at the Ontario Jewish Archives

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Moles
Keyword(s):  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
User Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Archival Information System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Unique Approach

PurposeConventional approaches to digital preservation posit that archives should define a Designated Community, or future user group, for whom they preserve digital information. Archivists can then use their knowledge of these users as a reference to help them deliver digital information that is intelligible and usable. However, this approach is challenging for archives with mandates to serve wide and diverse audiences; these archives risk undermining their efforts by focusing on the interests of a narrow user group.Design/methodology/approachA unique approach to this challenge was developed in the context of a project to build a digital preservation program at the Ontario Jewish Archives (OJA). It draws from previous research on this topic and is based on a combination of practical and theoretical considerations.FindingsThe approach described here replaces the reference of a Designated Community with three core components: a re-articulation of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) mandatory responsibilities; the identification of three distinct tiers of access for digital records; and the implementation of an access portal that allows digital records to be accessed and rendered online. Together with supplemental shifts in reference points, they provide an alternative to the concept of a Designated Community in the determination of preservation requirements, the identification of significant properties, the creation of Representation Information and in the evaluation of success.Originality/valueThis article contributes a novel approach to the ongoing conversation about the Designated Community in digital preservation, its application and its limitations in an archival context.

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