scholarly journals The olfactory secretome varies according to season in female sheep and goat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cann ◽  
Malika Chabi ◽  
Aliénor Delsart ◽  
Chrystelle Le Danvic ◽  
Jean-Michel Saliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Post Translational Modifications

Abstract Background Small ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding, characterised by two successive periods, sexual activity (SA) and sexual rest (SR). Odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the ovulatory cycle of anoestrus females. The plasticity of the olfactory system under these hormonal changes has never been explored at the peripheral level of odours reception. As it was shown in pig that the olfactory secretome (proteins secreted in the nasal mucus) could be modified under hormonal control, we monitored its composition in females of both species through several reproductive seasons, thanks to a non-invasive sampling of olfactory mucus. For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), western-blot with specific antibodies, MALDI-TOF and high-resolution (nano-LC-MS/MS) mass spectrometry, RACE-PCR and molecular modelling were used. Results In both species the olfactory secretome is composed of isoforms of OBP-like proteins, generated by post-translational modifications, as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Important changes were observed in the olfactory secretome between the sexual rest and the sexual activity periods, characterised in ewe by the specific expression of SAL-like proteins and the emergence of OBPs O-GlcNAcylation. In goat, the differences between SA and SR did not come from new proteins expression, but from different post-translational modifications, the main difference between the SA and SR secretome being the number of isoforms of each protein. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014833. Conclusion Despite common behaviour, seasonal breeding, and genetic resources, the two species seem to adapt their olfactory equipment in SA by different modalities: the variation of olfactory secretome in ewe could correspond to a specialization to detect male odours only in SA, whereas in goat the stability of the olfactory secretome could indicate a constant capacity of odours detection suggesting that the hallmark of SA in goat might be the emission of specific odours by the sexually active male. In both species, the olfactory secretome is a phenotype reflecting the physiological status of females, and could be used by breeders to monitor their receptivity to the male effect.

scholarly journals The olfactory secretome varies according to season in female sheep and goat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul CANN ◽  
Malika CHABI ◽  
Aliénor DELSART ◽  
Chrystelle LE DANVIC ◽  
Jean-Michel SALIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Post Translational Modifications

Abstract Abstract: Background : Small ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding, characterised by two successive periods, sexual activity (SA) and sexual rest (SR). Odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the ovulation of anoestrus females. The plasticity of the olfactory system under these hormonal changes has never been explored at the peripheral level of odours reception. As it was shown in pig that the olfactory secretome (proteins secreted in the nasal mucus) could be modified under hormonal control, we monitored its composition in females of both species through several reproductive seasons, thanks to a non-invasive sampling of olfactory mucus. For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), western-blot with specific antibodies, MALDI-TOF and high-resolution (nano-LC-MS/MS) mass spectrometry, RACE-PCR and molecular modelling were used. Results : In both species the olfactory secretome is composed of isoforms of OBP-like proteins, generated by post-translational modifications, as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation and O -GlcNAcylation. Important changes were observed in the olfactory secretome between the sexual rest and the sexual activity periods, characterised in ewe by the specific expression of SAL-like proteins and the emergence of OBPs O- GlcNAcylation. In goat, the differences between SA and SR did not come from new proteins expression, but from different post-translational modifications, the main difference between the SA and SR secretome being the number of isoforms of each protein. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014833. Conclusion : Despite common behaviour, seasonal breeding, and genetic resources, the two species seem to adapt their sensory equipment in SA by different modalities: the variation of olfactory secretome in ewe could correspond to a specialization to detect male odours only in SA, whereas in goat the stability of the olfactory secretome could indicate a constant capacity of odours detection suggesting that the hallmark of SA in goat might be the emission of specific odours by the sexually active male. In both species, the olfactory secretome is a phenotype reflecting the physiological status of females, and could be used by breeders to monitor their receptivity to the male effect.

scholarly journals The olfactory secretome varies according to season in female sheep and goat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul CANN ◽  
Malika CHABI ◽  
Aliénor DELSART ◽  
Chrystelle LE DANVIC ◽  
Jean-Michel SALIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Post Translational Modifications

Abstract Abstract: Background : Small ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding, characterised by two successive periods, sexual activity (SA) and sexual rest (SR). Odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the ovulation of anoestrus females. The plasticity of the olfactory system under these hormonal changes has never been explored at the peripheral level of odours reception. As it was shown in pig that the olfactory secretome (proteins secreted in the nasal mucus) could be modified under hormonal control, we monitored its composition in females of both species through several reproductive seasons, thanks to a non-invasive sampling of olfactory mucus. For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), western-blot with specific antibodies, MALDI-TOF and high-resolution (nano-LC-MS/MS) mass spectrometry, RACE-PCR and molecular modelling were used. Results : In both species the olfactory secretome is composed of isoforms of OBP-like proteins, generated by post-translational modifications, as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation and O -GlcNAcylation. Important changes were observed in the olfactory secretome between the sexual rest and the sexual activity periods, characterised in ewe by the specific expression of SAL-like proteins and the emergence of OBPs O- GlcNAcylation. In goat, the differences between SA and SR did not come from new proteins expression, but from different post-translational modifications, the main difference between the SA and SR secretome being the number of isoforms of each protein. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014833. Conclusion : Despite common behaviour, seasonal breeding, and genetic resources, the two species seem to adapt their sensory equipment in SA by different modalities: the variation of olfactory secretome in ewe could correspond to a specialization to detect male odours only in SA, whereas in goat the stability of the olfactory secretome could indicate a constant capacity of odours detection suggesting that the hallmark of SA in goat might be the emission of specific odours by the sexually active male. In both species, the olfactory secretome is a phenotype reflecting the physiological status of females, and could be used by breeders to monitor their receptivity to the male effect.

scholarly journals The olfactory secretome varies according to season in female sheep and goat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul CANN ◽  
Malika CHABI ◽  
Aliénor DELSART ◽  
Chrystelle LE DANVIC ◽  
Jean-Michel SALIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Post Translational Modifications

Abstract Abstract: Background : Small ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding, characterised by two successive periods, sexual activity (SA) and sexual rest (SR). Odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the ovulation of anoestrus females. The plasticity of the olfactory system under these hormonal changes has never been explored at the peripheral level of odours reception. As it was shown in pig that the olfactory secretome (proteins secreted in the nasal mucus) could be modified under hormonal control, we monitored its composition in females of both species through several reproductive seasons, thanks to a non-invasive sampling of olfactory mucus. For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), western-blot with specific antibodies, MALDI-TOF and high-resolution (nano-LC-MS/MS) mass spectrometry, RACE-PCR and molecular modelling were used. Results : In both species the olfactory secretome is composed of isoforms of OBP-like proteins, generated by post-translational modifications, as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation and O -GlcNAcylation. Important changes were observed in the olfactory secretome between the sexual rest and the sexual activity periods, characterised in ewe by the specific expression of SAL-like proteins and the emergence of OBPs O- GlcNAcylation. In goat, the differences between SA and SR did not come from new proteins expression, but from different post-translational modifications, the main difference between the SA and SR secretome being the number of isoforms of each protein. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014833. Conclusion : Despite common behaviour, seasonal breeding, and genetic resources, the two species seem to adapt their sensory equipment in SA by different modalities: the variation of olfactory secretome in ewe could correspond to a specialization to detect male odours only in SA, whereas in goat the stability of the olfactory secretome could indicate a constant capacity of odours detection suggesting that the hallmark of SA in goat might be the emission of specific odours by the sexually active male. In both species, the olfactory secretome is a phenotype reflecting the physiological status of females, and could be used by breeders to monitor their receptivity to the male effect.

scholarly journals The olfactory secretome varies according to season in female sheep and goat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul CANN ◽  
Malika CHABI ◽  
Aliénor DELSART ◽  
Chrystelle LE DANVIC ◽  
Jean-Michel SALIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Post Translational Modifications

Abstract Background: Small ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding, characterised by two successive periods, sexual activity (SA) and sexual rest (SR). Odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the ovulation of anoestrus females. The plasticity of the olfactory system under these hormonal changes has never been explored at the peripheral level of odours reception. As it was shown in pig that the olfactory secretome (proteins secreted in the nasal mucus) could be modified under hormonal control, we monitored its composition in females of both species through several reproductive seasons, thanks to a non-invasive sampling of olfactory mucus. For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), western-blot with specific antibodies, MALDI-TOF and high-resolution (nano-LC-MS/MS) mass spectrometry, RACE-PCR and molecular modelling were used. Results: In both species the olfactory secretome is composed of isoforms of OBP-like proteins, generated by post-translational modifications, as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Important changes were observed in the olfactory secretome between the sexual rest and the sexual activity periods, characterised in ewe by the specific expression of SAL-like proteins and the emergence of OBPs O-GlcNAcylation. In goat, the differences between SA and SR did not come from new proteins expression, but from different post-translational modifications, the main difference between the SA and SR secretome being the number of isoforms of each protein. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014833. Conclusion: Despite common behaviour, seasonal breeding, and genetic resources, the two species seem to adapt their sensory equipment in SA by different modalities: the variation of olfactory secretome in ewe could correspond to a specialization to detect male odours only in SA, whereas in goat the stability of the olfactory secretome could indicate a constant capacity of odours detection suggesting that the hallmark of SA in goat might be the emission of specific odours by the sexually active male. In both species, the olfactory secretome is a phenotype reflecting the physiological status of females, and could be used by breeders to monitor their receptivity to the male effect.

scholarly journals Hormonal control of motivational circuitry orchestrates the transition to sexuality in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Ethan H. Glantz ◽  
Dragana Rogulja ◽  
Michael A. Crickmore
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Motivation ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Circuit Elements ◽  
And Behavior

SUMMARYNewborns and hatchlings of many species perform incredibly sophisticated behaviors, but all vertebrates and many invertebrates selectively abstain from sexual activity at the beginning of life. Hormonal changes have long been associated with adolescence, but it is not clear how these circulating factors create a new motivation and drive its associated behaviors. We show that the transition to sexuality in male Drosophila is controlled by juvenile hormone, which spikes at eclosion and declines over days as the propensity for courtship gradually increases. Juvenile hormone directly inhibits the activity of at least three courtship-motivating circuit elements, ensuring the complete suppression of sexual motivation and behavior. Blocking or overriding these inhibitory mechanisms evokes immediate and robust sexual behavior from very young and otherwise asexual males. These results provide a first example of hormonal changes gating the transition to sexuality by activating latent, but largely developed and functional, motivational circuitry.

scholarly journals Older Adult Sexuality, Partnership, and Health: Cohort Comparisons of Baby Boomers and Traditionalists

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 499-499
Author(s):  
Winnie Tong ◽  
Linda Waite
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Older Adult Sexuality

Abstract This paper updates prior work on older adult sexuality, partnership, and health by examining the most current wave of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2015-16), a population-based study of health and social factors on a national scale. Comparing data from Wave I, Cohort 1 (2005-06) and Wave I, Cohort 2 (2015-16), we ask whether there are differences in partnership, sexual behaviors and health outcomes between two cohorts (‘Traditionalists’ vs. ‘Baby Boomers’). Additionally, we examine whether sexual frequency is related to physical health, particularly the health conditions of arthritis, diabetes, cognitive impairment, and prior stroke, in both cohorts. We find significant differences between cohorts through a logistic model. For Traditionalists, age, gender, education level, partnership status and diabetes were all significantly related to sexual activity (p < 0.001). Older adults were less sexually active; men were more sexually active; the higher educated were more sexually active; diabetes patients were less sexually active; and partnered were more sexually active. For Baby Boomers, only age and partnership status were significantly related to sexual activity (p < 0.001); gender and diabetes diagnosis were also related (p <0.005). Significantly, partnership status for Boomers is negatively related to sexual activity; the other three relationships – age is related to less sexual activity, men have slightly higher sexual activity, and diabetes was related to less sexual activity – were as expected. Importantly, our findings may imply that partnership or marriage is not as significant to sexual activity, or to health outcomes, as previously believed.

scholarly journals Mixed Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Possible Interaction Mechanisms between Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta Inducing Jiaobai Stem-Gall Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12258
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ping Zhang ◽  
Si-Xiao Song ◽  
Yan-Cheng Liu ◽  
Xin-Rui Zhu ◽  
Yi-Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Ustilago Esculenta

The smut fungus Ustilago esculenta infects Zizania latifolia and induces stem expansion to form a unique vegetable named Jiaobai. Although previous studies have demonstrated that hormonal control is essential for triggering stem swelling, the role of hormones synthesized by Z. latifolia and U. esculenta and the underlying molecular mechanism are not yet clear. To study the mechanism that triggers swollen stem formation, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of both interacting organisms during the initial trigger of culm gall formation, at which time the infective hyphae also propagated extensively and penetrated host stem cells. Transcriptional analysis indicated that abundant genes involving fungal pathogenicity and plant resistance were reprogrammed to maintain the subtle balance between the parasite and host. In addition, the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis of U. esculenta obviously decreased during stem swelling, while a large number of genes related to the synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction of hormones of the host plant were stimulated and showed specific expression patterns, particularly, the expression of ZlYUCCA9 (a flavin monooxygenase, the key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis pathway) increased significantly. Simultaneously, the content of IAA increased significantly, while the contents of cytokinin and gibberellin showed the opposite trend. We speculated that auxin produced by the host plant, rather than the fungus, triggers stem swelling. Furthermore, from the differently expressed genes, two candidate Cys2-His2 (C2H2) zinc finger proteins, GME3058_g and GME5963_g, were identified from U. esculenta, which may conduct fungus growth and infection at the initial stage of stem-gall formation.

scholarly journals Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analyses to Reveal the Developmental Regulation of Metorchis orientalis: A Neglected Trematode With Potential Carcinogenic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Feng Gao ◽  
Qing-Bo Lv ◽  
Rui-Feng Mao ◽  
Yun-Yi Sun ◽  
Ying-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Metorchis orientalis is a neglected zoonotic parasite of the gallbladder and bile duct of poultry, mammals, and humans. It has been widely reported in Asian, including China, Japanese, and Korea, where it is a potential threat to public health. Despite its significance as an animal and human pathogen, there are few published transcriptomic and proteomics data available. Transcriptome Illumina RNA sequencing and label-free protein quantification were performed to compare the gene and protein expression of adult and metacercariae-stage M. orientalis, resulting in 100,234 unigenes and 3,530 proteins. Of these, 13,823 differentially expressed genes and 1,445 differentially expressed proteins were identified in adult versus metacercariae. In total, 570 genes were differentially expressed consistent with the mRNA and protein level in the adult versus metacercariae stage. Differential gene transcription analyses revealed 34,228 genes to be expressed in both stages, whereas 66,006 genes showed stage-specific expression. Compared with adults, the metacercariae stage was highly transcriptional. GO and KEGG analyses based on transcriptome and proteome revealed numerous up-regulated genes in adult M. orientalis related to microtubule-based processes, microtubule motor activity, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. The up-regulated genes in metacercariae M. orientalis were mainly related to transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity, transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway. Transcriptome and proteome comparative analyses showed numerous up-regulated genes in adult stage were mainly enriched in actin filament capping, spectrin, and glucose metabolic process, while up-regulated genes in metacercariae stage were mainly related to cilium assembly, cilium movement, and motile cilium. These results highlight changes in protein and gene functions during the development of metacercariae into adults, and provided evidence for the mechanisms involved in morphological and metabolic changes at both the protein and gene levels. Interestingly, many genes had been proved associated with liver fibrosis and carcinogenic factors were identified highly expressed in adult M. orientalis, which suggests that M. orientalis is a neglected trematode with potential carcinogenic implications. These data provide attractive targets for the development of therapeutic or diagnostic interventions for controlling M. orientalis.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis thaliana PeptideAtlas; harnessing world-wide proteomics data for a comprehensive community proteomics resource

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas Jan van Wijk ◽  
Eric W Deutsch ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Zhi Sun ◽  
Tami Leppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Splice Variants ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Arabidopsis Proteome ◽  
Metadata Annotation ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Protein Splice ◽  
Splice Forms

We developed a new resource, the Arabidopsis PeptideAtlas (www.peptideatlas.org/builds/arabidopsis/), to solve central questions about the Arabidopsis proteome, such as the significance of protein splice forms, post-translational modifications (PTMs), or simply obtain reliable information about specific proteins. PeptideAtlas is based on published mass spectrometry (MS) analyses collected through ProteomeXchange and reanalyzed through a uniform processing and metadata annotation pipeline. All matched MS-derived peptide data are linked to spectral, technical and biological metadata. Nearly 40 million out of ~143 million MSMS spectra were matched to the reference genome Araport11, identifying ~0.5 million unique peptides and 17858 uniquely identified proteins (only isoform per gene) at the highest confidence level (FDR 0.0004; 2 non-nested peptides ≥ 9 aa each), assigned canonical proteins, and 3543 lower confidence proteins. Physicochemical protein properties were evaluated for targeted identification of unobserved proteins. Additional proteins and isoforms currently not in Araport11 were identified, generated from pseudogenes, alternative start, stops and/or splice variants and sORFs; these features should be considered for updates to the Arabidopsis genome. Phosphorylation can be inspected through a sophisticated PTM viewer. This new PeptideAtlas is integrated with community resources including TAIR, tracks in JBrowse, PPDB and UniProtKB. Subsequent PeptideAtlas builds will incorporate millions more MS data.

Hormones in Salmon

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-48
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Hormones are important signaling molecules produced and secreted in the endocrine system that show interesting close similarities between humans and salmon. They are transported to target organs where they bind to their receptors and control physiological regulation and behavioral activity to maintain homeostasis via feedback mechanisms. Various hormones control freshwater and seawater adaptations to maintain water and salt balances. The juvenile imprinting migration and adult homing migration of salmon are mainly controlled by the brain (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)-pituitary (thyrotropin)-thyroid (thyroid hormones) axis and the brain (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)-pituitary (gonadotropin)-gonad (steroid hormones) axis, respectively. This chapter describes hormone species and actions, hormonal control of freshwater and seawater adaptations, and hormonal changes during juvenile imprinting migration and adult homing migration in salmon.

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