scholarly journals Population and subspecies diversity at mouse centromere satellites

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma P. Arora ◽  
Caleigh Charlebois ◽  
Raman Akinyanju Lawal ◽  
Beth L. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Satellite Sequence ◽  
Chromatin Domains ◽  
Major Satellite ◽  
Sequence Heterogeneity ◽  
Minor Satellite

Abstract Background Mammalian centromeres are satellite-rich chromatin domains that execute conserved roles in kinetochore assembly and chromosome segregation. Centromere satellites evolve rapidly between species, but little is known about population-level diversity across these loci. Results We developed a k-mer based method to quantify centromere copy number and sequence variation from whole genome sequencing data. We applied this method to diverse inbred and wild house mouse (Mus musculus) genomes to profile diversity across the core centromere (minor) satellite and the pericentromeric (major) satellite repeat. We show that minor satellite copy number varies more than 10-fold among inbred mouse strains, whereas major satellite copy numbers span a 3-fold range. In contrast to widely held assumptions about the homogeneity of mouse centromere repeats, we uncover marked satellite sequence heterogeneity within single genomes, with diversity levels across the minor satellite exceeding those at the major satellite. Analyses in wild-caught mice implicate subspecies and population origin as significant determinants of variation in satellite copy number and satellite heterogeneity. Intriguingly, we also find that wild-caught mice harbor dramatically reduced minor satellite copy number and elevated satellite sequence heterogeneity compared to inbred strains, suggesting that inbreeding may reshape centromere architecture in pronounced ways. Conclusion Taken together, our results highlight the power of k-mer based approaches for probing variation across repetitive regions, provide an initial portrait of centromere variation across Mus musculus, and lay the groundwork for future functional studies on the consequences of natural genetic variation at these essential chromatin domains.

scholarly journals Esterase alleles of inbred mouse strains maintained in The Netherlands

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hilgers ◽  
O. von Deimling ◽  
L. F. M. van Zutphen ◽  
R. ten Berg ◽  
R. Anand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
Esterase Loci ◽  
Quantitative Manner

SummaryFifty-seven mouse strains were examined for genetic variation at 21 esterase loci. Three new alleles were found: Es-6d in strain A/WySna, Es-lle in FTC/CpbU and Es-18c in two WLL/BrA sublines. At most loci there was a single allele found in over 80% of strains, with one or two rare alleles. However, the Es-1, 3, 10, 13, 25 and 27 loci were much more polymorphic. Although several loci were linked on chomosomes 3, 8 and 9, linkage disequilibrium was only found between Es-5 and Es-11 (chromosome 8) and Es-26 and Es-27 (chromosome 3). There was also significant disequilibrium between Es-1 and 3, Es-1 and 10, and Es-3 and 10, which are on different chromosomes, suggesting that the 57 strains are not a random sample of inbred mouse strains. Fifty-four strains were closely related, with the Es-7b, –17a, –18a, –23c set of alleles, which are typical of Mus musculus domesticus. The three exceptional strains were MOL3 (Mus musculus molossinus), WLL/BrA (English–Norwegian origin) and TA2 (Chinese origin). There were 10 groups of strains which were identical at all loci. Sublines of the same strain were usually identical. Sometimes more distantly related strains, such as CBA/Bi, C3H/He, SM and DBA/Li, were identical, and in a few cases strains with no known common ancestry such as C58 and MAS were identical. Attempts to discriminate between a subset of 22 American and 15 European strains were unsuccessful, suggesting that the European strains add only in a quantitative manner to the gene pool of ‘laboratory mice’, whereas wild-derived strains such as MOL3 are genetically quite distinct from other laboratory mice.

Novel structural organisation of a Mus musculus DBA/2 chromosome shows a fixed position for the centromere

1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Mitchell ◽  
L. Nicol ◽  
P. Malloy ◽  
D. Kipling
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Major Satellite ◽  
Satellite Sequences ◽  
Minor Satellite ◽  
Apparent Similarity ◽  
Terminal Block

Chromosome 1 of the inbred mouse strain DBA/2 shows an unusual polymorphism associated with its centromeric satellite DNA sequences. The minor satellite array has undergone amplification and is present as two blocks separated by major satellite sequences. Both minor satellite blocks appear to carry the sequence motif necessary for CENP-B protein binding. Despite this apparent similarity the functional centromere, as defined by the location of CREST antigens, appears to form only within the more terminal block. The two blocks also vary in that sister chromatid association only occurs with this more terminal block.

Ribosomal genes in inbred mouse strains: Interstrain and intrastrain variation of copy number and extent of methylation

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Veiko ◽  
N. O. Shubaeva ◽  
A. M. Malashenko ◽  
T. B. Beskova ◽  
R. K. Agapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains

Physical performance and soleus muscle fiber composition in wild-derived and laboratory inbred mouse strains

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Totsuka ◽  
Yasumitsu Nagao ◽  
Takuro Horii ◽  
Hiromichi Yonekawa ◽  
Hiroshi Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Running Time

We compared four inbred mouse strains in their physical performance, measured as a maximal treadmill running time, characteristics of soleus muscle, anatomic character, and growth. The strains used were Mus musculus domesticus [C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c], Mus musculus molossinus (MSM/Ms), and Mus spretus. Maximal running time was significantly different among these four mouse strains. Running time until exhaustion was highest in MSM/Ms and lowest in M. spretus. Maximal times for the laboratory mouse strains were nearly identical. Soleus muscle fiber type and cross-sectional area also differed significantly among the species. In particular, M. spretus was significantly different from the other inbred mouse strains. Growth in the wild-derived inbred mice appeared to be complete earlier than in the laboratory mice, and the body size of the wild strains was about half that of the laboratory strains. From these results, we propose that wild-derived inbred mouse strains are useful models for enhancing phenotypic variation in physical performance and adaptability.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Mammalian Meiotic Recombination. I. Variation in Exchange Frequencies Among Males From Inbred Mouse Strains

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara E Koehler ◽  
Jonathan P Cherry ◽  
Audrey Lynn ◽  
Patricia A Hunt ◽  
Terry J Hassold
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Genetic Background Effects ◽  
Exchange Patterns ◽  
Positive Interference

AbstractGenetic background effects on the frequency of meiotic recombination have long been suspected in mice but never demonstrated in a systematic manner, especially in inbred strains. We used a recently described immunostaining technique to assess meiotic exchange patterns in male mice. We found that among four different inbred strains—CAST/Ei, A/J, C57BL/6, and SPRET/Ei—the mean number of meiotic exchanges per cell and, thus, the recombination rates in these genetic backgrounds were significantly different. These frequencies ranged from a low of 21.5 exchanges in CAST/Ei to a high of 24.9 in SPRET/Ei. We also found that, as expected, these crossover events were nonrandomly distributed and displayed positive interference. However, we found no evidence for significant differences in the patterns of crossover positioning between strains with different exchange frequencies. From our observations of >10,000 autosomal synaptonemal complexes, we conclude that achiasmate bivalents arise in the male mouse at a frequency of 0.1%. Thus, special mechanisms that segregate achiasmate chromosomes are unlikely to be an important component of mammalian male meiosis.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE THAT TWO LOCI PREDOMINANTLY DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE HIGH PRESSURE NEUROLOGIC SYNDROME TYPE I SEIZURE IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-307
Author(s):  
R D McCall ◽  
D Frierson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Major Locus ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Most mammals tested, when exposed to increasing pressure in helium/oxygen atmospheres, exhibit progressive motor disturbances culminating in two, usually successive, well-differentiated convulsive seizures. The seizures are highly reproducible components of the constellation of events that collectively constitute the High Pressure Neurologic Syndrome (HPNS). In the present study, we present evidence that the mean difference in seizure threshold pressures of the first seizure to occur (HPNS Type I) between inbred mouse strains DBA/2J and C57BL/6J is predominantly determined (> 60%) by the expression of a major locus—possibly linked to the H-2 locus on chromosome 17—and a minor locus, probably unlinked. This outcome is derived from applications of the maximum likelihood modeling procedure of Elston and Stewart (1973) and Stewart and Elston (1973) to eleven models of genetic determinacy and tests (including breeding tests) of "preferred" models so derived using BXD recombinant inbred strains that show the following: The major locus exhibits conditional dominance characteristics depending upon compression rate and minor locus genotype. At a constant mean compression rate of 100 atm hr-1, the major locus manifests strong, though incomplete, dominance apparently independent of minor locus genotype. Its expression is, however, highly sensitive to compression rate, losing its dominance altogether at a linear rate of 1,000 atm hr-1. The major locus interacts with the weakly dominant and relatively compression-rate-insensitive minor locus to retain dominance at fast compression only when the dominant alleles of both loci are present. A principal finding of this study is that employing two compression rates permits fuller genetic characterization of murine high-pressure seizure susceptibility differences than could be achieved by use of a single compression rate.

scholarly journals THE Ah PHENOTYPE. SURVEY OF FORTY-EIGHT RAT STRAINS AND TWENTY INBRED MOUSE STRAINS

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Daniel W Nebert ◽  
Nancy M Jensen ◽  
Hisashi Shinozuka ◽  
Heinz W Kunz ◽  
Thomas J Gill
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Ah Receptor ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Inbred Rat

ABSTRACT Forty-four inbred and four randombred rat strains and 20 inbred mouse strains were examined for their Ah phenotype by determining the induction of liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity (EC 1.14.14.1) by intraperitoneal treatment with either β-naphthoflavone or 3-methylcholanthrene. All 48 rat strains were found to be Ah-responsive. The maximally induced hydroxylase specific activities of the ALB/Pit, MNR/Pit, MR/Pit, SHR/Pit, and Sprague-Dawley strains were of the same order of magnitude as the basal hydroxylase specific activities of the ACI/Pit, F344/Pit, OKA/Pit, and MNR/N strains. Six of the 20 mouse strains were Ah-nonresponsive (i.e. lacking the normal induction response and presumably lacking detectable amounts of the Ah receptor). The basal hydroxylase specific activities of the BDL/N, NFS/N, STAR/N, and ST/JN mouse strains were more than twice as high as the maximally induced hydroxylase specific activity of the CBA/HT strain.——To date, 24 Ah-nonresponsive mouse strains have been identified, out of a total of 68 known to have been characterized. The reasons for not finding a single Ah-nonresponsive inbred rat strain—as compared with about one Ah-nonresponsive inbred mouse strain found for every three examined—remain unknown.

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