3D Hologram Technology in Libyan Educational Institutions in Future: Re-view

Holographic projection is the new wave of technology that will change how we view things in the future; it will have tremendous effects on all fields of life including education and science. Generally, A Hologram is a 3D record of the positive interference of laser light waves. Technology of three-dimensional hologram (3DH) involves spatial displays which detaches the display technology from the user and integrate it into the real environment. This research paper examines the essential information about 3D Hologram technology in or-der to understand the importance of this technology in learning .It highlights uses and advantages of 3D Hologram applications in various fields of education. Overall, this study shows that, 3D Hologram technol-ogy has a positive potential as educational tool and able to catch the students’ attention in learning envi-ronment. This paper is valuable for integrating 3D Hologram technology in Libyan higher education institu-tions. The challenges that facing this technology in implementation and the recommendations for future research are addressed at the end of the paper.

English-Russian Hybrid Words in Translated Text: On Linguistic Interference and Norms of Translation

The article discusses the influence of Russian-English functional bilingualism of IT and tech specialists on the formation of translation norms in the corresponding field. The research is carried out within the framework of sociology of translation and descriptive approach in translation studies. It investigates the patterns in the usage of hybrid lexemes combining Russian and English graphemes, e.g. IoT-устройство (IoT-device), API-интерфейс (API-interface) and Open Source-приложение (open source application) in translations. Methodologically, the study resorts to the theoretical stance of sociology of translation, namely the concepts of translation norm, represented in the works by G. Toury and A. Chesterman, translator's habitus and the field of translation, as well as corpus-based methodology. It utilizes a comparable corpus of translated and non-translated articles published by Russian IT business magazines itWeek, Computerworld and Novosti Elektroniki (Electronics News) in 2017. Hybrids are shown to be more common in non-translated text, which can be viewed as an aspect of the expectancy norm. Qualitative study revealed the following patterns in hybrid usage in translation. Most of the hybrids used in translation are the direct result of the transfer of original English analytical structures. Hybrids are also used in translation as part of pragmatic positive interference, which shows the translator's reliance on the recipient's extensive background knowledge of the subject, as well as command of the English language. Interference, both positive and negative, is argued to be the aspect of the expectancy norm present in the field of technology-oriented media translation.

Comprehensive characterization and resolution of discrepant spectrophotometric bilirubin results in patients on eltrombopag therapy

BackgroundEltrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist used for the treatment of thrombocytopenic conditions. It can cause pH-dependent discoloration of plasma/serum. Eltrombopag is potentially hepatotoxic. It can affect the assessment of hyperbilirubinemia because of its (i) absorbance at ~450 nm (bilirubin), (ii) absorbance at ~550 nm (diazo-bilirubin) and (iii) it can cause yellowish discoloration of the eyes at normal circulating bilirubin levels.MethodsWe collected 66 samples from patients on a range of eltrombopag dosages up to 150 mg daily. Bilirubin was measured using multiple routine spectrophotometric analyzers, the Doumas reference method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma/serum eltrombopag concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Spike-in and admixture experiments delineated the effects of eltrombopag and its metabolites.ResultsForty-nine of 52 samples from patients on ≥50 mg daily eltrombopag therapy showed significantly discrepant inter-analyzer total bilirubin results, a difference up to 64 μmol/L (3.7 mg/dL). In one sample, total bilirubin varied from 8 to 65 μmol/L (0.4–3.8 mg/dL) by different routine analyzers, with direct bilirubin ≤4 μmol/L (0.2 mg/dL). There was a positive correlation between total bilirubin difference and plasma eltrombopag concentration (r = 0.679), and spike-in experiments demonstrated that Beckman AU and Doumas reference methods were susceptible to positive interference. HPLC can quantify bilirubin after separating eltrombopag, and results suggest different analyzers are affected to varying degrees by eltrombopag and its metabolites.ConclusionsEltrombopag and its metabolites can cause positive interference to the spectrophotometric measurements of total bilirubin. Accurate measurements of total bilirubin may improve our understanding of the prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia in patients on eltrombopag therapy.

Sowing ratio, NS fertilisation and interactions of Lolium sp. and Festulolium grown in mixtures with Trifolium repens

Current ecological trends for production of forage for livestock indicate a need for small usage of fertilisers while increasing productivity. The study aimed to assess yield and interactions of selected Lolium and Festulolium species grown in mixtures with Trifolium repens and fertilised with NS, regarding mutual interactions based on available indicators. A two-year field study (2016–2017) was carried out in southern Poland and the research objects were designed on degraded chernozems. The highest yield was observed for mixtures: L. multiflorum + T. repens and L. × boucheanum + T. repens sown in the proportion 50 : 50, fertilised with N₅₀S₁₅. The mean dry matter yield was higher in the 1^st year of the study, in all variants of fertilisation and types of mixtures. The land equivalent ratio differed for species in individual objects, for individual cuts and study years, and was most often higher than 1.0, which points to a positive interference between species in mixtures. Also, the competitive ratio index was often higher than 1.0, which means that grass species were more competitive than white clover. However, in the second year of study T. repens was dominant in multiple objects.

In Vitro Demonstration of Drug–Reagent Interactions Among Commonly Used Parenteral Drugs in Cardiology

Background: Drug–drug interactions are undesirable, as they reduce drug bioavailability. Drug–reagent interactions in biochemical tests may directly affect the accuracy of test results. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of drug–reagent interactions of drugs used in cardiology on different cardiac markers (troponin I, Nt-proBNP, CK-MB mass, CK, AST, and LDH) and the D-dimer test. Method: Eleven drugs (enoxaparin, tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate, diltiazem, glyceryl trinitrate, metoprolol, epinephrine, heparin sodium, atropine sodium, furosemide, norepinephrine tartrate, and amiodarone HCl) were tested in an interference study. The interference protocol was applied to the control material of troponin I, CK-MB mass, Nt-proBNP, CK, AST, LDH tests with 11 different drugs and performed with analyzers. Cardiac Markers Plus Control (Bio-Rad, Irvine, CA, USA; Lot: 23662) materials were used to assess the impact of drug–reagent interactions on the accuracy of tests of cardiac markers based on immunoassay methods. The bias rate, defined as the extent of deviation from the target value (bias %), in the interference study was calculated in each test. Results: For all 11 drugs, positive interference in the range of 43.58% to 130.06% occurred in the CK-MB mass test, whereas positive interference in the range of 11.98% to 107.44% occurred in the troponin I test. All the drugs, except enoxaparin sodium, led to negative interference in the range of -84.21 to -29.6% in the Nt-proBNP test. In the D-dimer test, amiodarone HCl and diltiazem caused interference (122.87% and 28.08%, respectively). The percentage of interference caused by the other drugs ranged from -1.27% to 11.44%. Minimal deviations the target values (between -3.31% and 3.86%) were observed in the CK, AST, and LDH tests measured using spectrophotometric methods. Conclusion: Parenteral drugs used in cardiology can significantly interfere with troponin I, CK-MB mass, Nt-proBNP, and D-dimer tests in the analytical phase because of drug–reagent interactions. Minimal deviations in the CK, AST, and LDH tests were observed using spectrophotometric methods. Thus, changes in test results may be due to drug interference rather than the treatment itself. Clinicians should consider the possibility of drug interference in cases of doubtful cardiac test results that do not comply with the diagnosis.

Effects of Morus nigra L. in Bone Healing

Morus nigra L., popularly known as blackberry, mulberry or blackberry bush, is a plant species widely used by folk medicine. Although there are few scientific studies that denote its therapeutic features, an important highlight of black mulberry is the recurrent use of tea leaves in popular environment for treatment of climacteric because it is considered a source of substances with estrogenic activity, which, if deficient, decreases osteoblastic action. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of the infusion of the leaves of M. nigra L. on bone repair experimental models. Twenty female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), ∼ 100 days old, were submitted to fracture with bone loss in the left fibula. After that, they ingested tea leaves of M. nigra L. for 30 days without interruption. The animals suffered euthanasia after the treatment period. The results showed a significant healing of fractures in all animals that ingested the tea, when compared with other groups. In this way, it is possible to suggest that M. nigra L. tea is able to trigger a positive response in bone repair mechanism; however, it is not possible to state at what level this positive interference occurs, since mechanisms of its action have not yet been elucidated, thus requiring more specific studies on the phytotherapeutic effects of this plant.

Imaging with pre-stack migration based on Sp scattering kernels

SUMMARY Sp receiver functions have been widely used to detect the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) and other mantle discontinuities. However, traditional common conversion point (CCP) stacking can be biased by the assumption of horizontal layers and this method typically underestimates scattering amplitudes from velocity boundaries with significant dips. A new pre-stack migration method based on recently developed Sp scattering kernels offers an alternative that more accurately captures the timing and amplitude of scattering. When calculating kernels, Sp-S times are estimated with the fast-marching method, and scattering amplitude versus direction, geometrical spreading and phase shifts are accounted for. To minimize imaging artefacts with larger station spacing, Sp receiver functions are interpolated to more closely spaced pseudo-stations using either compressive sampling or spatial averaging algorithms. To test the kernel-based stacking method, synthetic Sp phases were predicted using SPECFEM2D for velocity models with a flat Moho and a negative mantle velocity gradient with a ramp structure. The kernel-based stacking method resolves horizontal interfaces equally well as CCP stacking and outperforms CCP stacking when imaging boundaries with dips of more than 8°, although dip resolution is still limited. Use of more vertically incident phases such as SKSp improves retrieval of dipping discontinuity segments. A second approach is to down-weight the portions of the kernels that have the greatest positive interference among neighbouring stations, thus enhancing scattering from dipping structures where positive interference is lower. With this downweighting, the kernel-based stacking method applied to Sp data is able to continuously resolve LAB discontinuities with dips up to 15° and to partially resolve continuous LAB discontinuities with dips of ∼20°. The intrinsic properties of teleseismic Sp phase kernels limit their ability to resolve LAB structures with dips of ∼20–35°, but still larger dips of ∼40–50° are resolvable with dense and appropriately placed stations. Analysis of Sp scattering kernels also explains the effectiveness of CCP stacking for quasi-horizontal interfaces.

A pedagogia do travessão

Resumo: Neste artigo mostramos como a contribuição de Kierkegaard para a educação pode ser compreendida a partir da proposição de uma pedagogia do travessão. No interior da relação pedagógica o travessão é o traço que suspende a interferência positiva e direta do “mestre” sobre o “discípulo”, do auxiliador sobre o auxiliado. Quer dizer que só por meio do travessão a liberdade do outro pode ser garantida e preservada. Ao final veremos que a pedagogia do travessão só se realiza perfeitamente em se tornado uma pedagogia do amor.Palavras-chave: Pedagogia. Travessão. Amor. Abstract: In this article we show how Kierkegaard's contribution to education can be understood from the proposition of a pedagogy of the dash. Within the pedagogical relationship, the dash is the trace that suspends the direct and positive interference of the "master" over the "disciple", the helper over the aided. It means that only through the dash can the freedom of the other be guaranteed and preserved. In the end we will see that the pedagogy of the dash is only perfectly realized when it becomes a pedagogy of love.Keywords: Pedagogy. Dash. Love. REFERÊNCIASDICIONÁRIO LATIM-PORTUGUÊS. Portugal: Porto Editora, 2001.KIERKEGAARD, Søren. O conceito de ironia: constantemente referido a Sócrates. Apresentação e Tradução de Álvaro Luiz Montenegro Valls. Bragança Paulista: Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2010._______. Migalhas Filosóficas ou um bocadinho da filosofia de Johannes Clímacus. Tradução de Álvaro Luiz Montenegro Valls e Ernani Reichmann. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 2008._______. As obras do amor: algumas considerações cristãs em forma de discursos. Tradutor Álvaro Luiz Montenegro Valls. Petrópolis: Vozes; Bragança Paulista: Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2005._______. Ponto de vista explicativo da minha obra de escritor: uma comunicação direta, relatório à História. Tradução de João Gama. Lisboa: Edições 70, 2002.PLATÃO. Teeteto; Crátilo. Tradução de Carlos Alberto Nunes, Belém–PA: Editora Universitária UFPA, 2001.