scholarly journals The SAP function in pistil development was proved by two allelic mutations in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Huang ◽  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
Junjie Xu ◽  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Chengyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Pistil Abortion ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation ◽  
Sterile Mutant ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Pistil Development

Abstract Background Pistil development is a complicated process in plants, and female sterile mutants are ideal material for screening and cloning pistil development-related genes. Using the female sterile mutant (fsm1), BraA04g009730.3C was previously predicted as a candidate mutant gene encoding the STERILE APETALA (SAP) transcriptional regulator. In the current study, a parallel female sterile mutant (fsm2) was derived from EMS mutagenesis of a Chinese cabbage DH line ‘FT’ seeds. Results Both fsm2 and fsm1 mutant phenotypes exhibited pistil abortion and smaller floral organs. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant fsm2 was also controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Allelism testing showed that the mutated fsm1 and fsm2 genes were allelic. A single-nucleotide mutation (G-to-A) in the first exon of BraA04g009730.3C caused a missense mutation from GAA (glutamic acid) to GGA (glycine) in mutant fsm2 plants. Both allelic mutations of BraA04g009730.3C in fsm1 and fsm2 conferred the similar pistil abortion phenotype, which verified the SAP function in pistil development. To probe the mechanism of SAP-induced pistil abortion, we compared the mutant fsm1 and wild-type ‘FT’ pistil transcriptomes. Among the 3855 differentially expressed genes obtained, 29 were related to ovule development and 16 were related to organ size. Conclusion Our study clarified the function of BraA04g009730.3C and revealed that it was responsible for ovule development and organ size. These results lay a foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanism of pistil development in Chinese cabbage.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of a Female-sterile Mutant (fsm) in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Huang ◽  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Chengyu Li ◽  
Runpeng Yao ◽  
Danyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Sterile Mutant

scholarly journals Genetically modified yolk proteins precipitate in the adult Drosophila fat body.

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Butterworth ◽  
M Bownes ◽  
V S Burde
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Yolk Protein ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Sterile Mutant ◽  
Adult Drosophila

Ultrastructural and genetic studies were carried out on the fat body of a female sterile mutant fs(1)1163 to ascertain why yolk protein 1 (YP1) is not secreted from this tissue. Earlier molecular studies demonstrated that (a) normally yolk protein is synthesized in the fat body, secreted into the hemolymph and taken up by the ovary, (b) the 1163 mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in YP1, and (c) females homozygous for the mutation, or heterozygous females raised at 29 degrees C, retain YP1 in the fat body. Ultrastructural analysis in this paper shows that the fat body of these females contains masses of electron-dense material deposited in the subbasement membrane space. This subbasement membrane material (SBMM), which occasionally has a crystalline-like, fibrous component, is found in females whose genotypes include at least one copy of the mutant 1163 gene. These strains include a deletion strain that is hemizygous for the 1163 gene and two strains that are transgenic for the mutant gene. Immunogold studies indicate that SBMM contains yolk protein. We propose that the mutant protein is secreted into the subbasement membrane space, but because of the amino acid substitution in YP1, the oligomers containing YP1 condense into SBMM, which cannot penetrate the basement membrane. The similarity of SBMM and deoxyhemoglobin S fibers is discussed.

Morphology and biochemical characteristics of pistils in the staminate flowers of yellow horn during selective abortion

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Shumin Gao ◽  
Xiaofang Zhang ◽  
Hua Gao ◽  
Qing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pistil Abortion ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Pistil Development

Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge), an andromonoecious woody plant, has both hermaphrodite and staminate flowers. Both stamens and pistils in hermaphrodite flowers develop normally, but the pistils are aborted and the stamens develop normally in staminate flowers. To investigate the anatomical and biochemical characteristics of the aborted pistils in staminate flowers, anatomical and biochemical assays were carried out. Microstructure, ultrastructure and their histochemistry were analysed. The hypotheses that amylase and endogenous hormones are involved in pistil abortion were tested by comparing the homochronous pistil tissues in both hermaphrodite and staminate flowers. We conclude that pistil abortion occurs at the meiosis stage of megasporocyte cells and programmed cell death in staminate flowers. Simultaneously, we observed that starch grains and protein abundance are of benefit to megasporocyte meiosis. Our study indicates that the low activity of amylase isozymes α3 and α4 will result in insufficient soluble sugars for pistil development. The endogenous hormones gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the pistil of both staminate and hermaphrodite flowers at four stages were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results suggested that both ABA and GA3 are related to pistil abortion. In addition, a high ratio of GA3 and ABA exists in the stage of megasporocyte cells until the stage of megasporocyte meiosis I, which affects the normal activity of sucrose invertase and pistil development in staminate flowers. These results suggest that starch grains, proteins and endogenous hormones are important for pistil development and, as well, that pistil abortion in staminate flowers is related to the level of endogenous hormones and the activity of amylase isozymes.

scholarly journals INDEPENDENT PRODUCTION OF CO2 SENSITIVITY BY NUCLEAR GENE DLY AND A TRANSMISSIBLE AGENT FROM DELAYED-RECOVERY DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-510
Author(s):  
M A Clark ◽  
W B McCrady ◽  
C L Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Co2 Sensitivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Delayed Recovery ◽  
Sigma Virus

ABSTRACT Flies of stocks designated delayed-recovery by MCCRADY and SULERUD (1964) remain temporarily paralyzed after exposure to carbon dioxide. This condition is similar to CO2 sensitivity, which occurs in flies infected with the maternally transmitted sigma virus, but is due, at least in part, to the third chromosome mutant gene DlY. Because earlier work indicated that extracts of delayed-recovery flies could occasionally transmit CO2, sensitivity when injected into resistant recipients, we have tested the possibility that some delayed-recovery stocks contain a sigma-like transmissible virus, in addition to the Dly gene. We found that TDR-orange, a stock derived from the original delayed-recovery line, and temperature-cured populations of the same stock, both contain some agent that is transmissible by injection. TDR-BC3f, a stock derived by backcrossing through the male line to eliminate maternally transmitted factors, does not appear to contain such an infectious agent, but remains sensitive to CO2. These observations lead us to the conclusion that the originally described delayed-recovery stocks harbor an infectious extrachromosomal agent, in addition to possessing the Dly gene, and each is capable of producing a sensitivity to carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Mapping of a Pale Green Mutant Gene and Its Functional Verification by Allelic Mutations in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Zhao ◽  
Shengnan Huang ◽  
Meidi Zhang ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Vinyl Reductase ◽  
Pale Green

Leaves are the main organ for photosynthesis, and variations in leaf color affect photosynthesis and plant biomass formation. We created two similar whole-plant pale green mutants (pem1 and pem2) from the double haploid (DH) Chinese cabbage line “FT” through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of seeds. Photosynthetic pigment contents and net photosynthetic rates were significantly lower in the mutants than in the wild-type “FT,” and the chloroplast thylakoid endomembrane system was poor. Genetic analysis showed that the mutated phenotypes of pem1 and pem2 were caused by a single nuclear gene. Allelism tests showed that pem1 and pem2 were alleles. We mapped Brpem1 to a 64.25 kb region on chromosome A10, using BSR-Seq and map-based cloning of 979 F2 recessive individuals. Whole-genome re-sequencing revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) transition from guanine to adenosine on BraA10g021490.3C in pem1, causing an amino acid shift from glycine to glutamic acid (G to E); in addition, BraA10g021490.3C in pem2 was found to have a single nucleotide substitution from guanine to adenosine, causing an amino acid change from E to lysine (K). BraA10g021490.3C is a homolog of the Arabidopsisdivinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase (DVR) gene that encodes 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase, which is a key enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Enzyme activity assay and chlorophyll composition analysis demonstrated that impaired DVR had partial loss of function. These results provide a basis to understand chlorophyll metabolism and explore the mechanism of a pale green phenotype in Chinese cabbage.

Ectopic expression of a Chinese cabbage BrARGOS gene in Arabidopsis increases organ size

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Wang ◽  
Xincheng Zhou ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Jianwei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Organ Size

scholarly journals A single amino acid residue substitution in BraA04g017190.3C, a histone methyltransferase, results in premature bolting in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Tan ◽  
Jie Ren ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xueling Ye ◽  
Wei Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Histone Methyltransferase ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Lysine Methylation ◽  
Nonsynonymous Mutation ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Single Amino Acid Residue

Abstract Background Flowering is an important inflection point in the transformation from vegetative to reproductive growth, and premature bolting severely decreases crop yield and quality. Results In this study, a stable early-bolting mutant, ebm3, was identified in an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population of a Chinese cabbage doubled haploid (DH) line ‘FT’. Compared with ‘FT’, ebm3 showed early bolting under natural cultivation in autumn, and curled leaves. Genetic analysis showed that the early-bolting phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Modified MutMap sequencing, genotyping analyses and allelism test provide strong evidence that BrEBM3 (BraA04g017190.3 C), encoding the histone methyltransferase CURLY LEAF (CLF), was the strongly candidate gene of the emb3. A C to T base substitution in the 14th exon of BrEBM3 resulted in an amino acid change (S to F) and the early-bolting phenotype of emb3. The mutation occurred in the SET domain (Suppressor of protein-effect variegation 3–9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax), which catalyzes site- and state-specific lysine methylation in histones. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that BrEBM3 was highly expressed in the flower and bud. Promoter activity assay confirmed that BrEBM3 promoter was active in inflorescences. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that BrEBM3 localized in the nucleus. Transcriptomic studies supported that BrEBM3 mutation might repress H3K27me3 deposition and activate expression of the AGAMOUS (AG) and AGAMOUS-like (AGL) loci, resulting in early flowering. Conclusions Our study revealed that an EMS-induced early-bolting mutant ebm3 in Chinese cabbage was caused by a nonsynonymous mutation in BraA04g017190.3 C, encoding the histone methyltransferase CLF. These results improve our knowledge of the genetic and genomic resources of bolting and flowering, and may be beneficial to the genetic improvement of Chinese cabbage.

Fine mapping of the novel male-sterile mutant gene ms39 in maize originated from outer space flight

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Zhu ◽  
Ziwen Shi ◽  
Shizhao Li ◽  
Heyang Liu ◽  
Fuxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Mutant
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