Multiple human papillomavirus infections are highly prevalent in the anal canal of human immunodeficiency virus-positive men who have sex with men

Abstract Background Incidence of anal and oral infections with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing, particularly among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) men. HPV type 16 has exhibited the highest incidence and only limited data is available on other prevalent types, variants of HPV16, as well as associated factors. We were interested in identifying prevalent HPV types, variants of type 16, as well as factors associated with HPV16 infections in the oral cavity of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A cross-sectional study of oral cavity samples from HIV+ MSM, that in a previous study were identified as positive for HPV16 in the anal canal. Cells from the oral cavity (102 samples, paired with 102 from the anal canal of same patient) were used to extract DNA and detect HPV infections using INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II, and PCR. From these, 80 samples (paired, 40 anal and 40 oral) were used to identify variants of type 16 by sequencing. Statistical differences were estimated by the X2 test, and p values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered significant. SPSS ver. Twenty-four statistical software (IBM Corp) was used. Results We found a high prevalence of High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) and Low-Risk HPV (LR-HPV). Patients were positive in the oral cavity for HR types; 16, 39 and 18 (80.4, 61.8 and 52.9% respectively) and LR types 11 and 6 (53.9 and 34.3% respectively). Surprisingly, only European variants of type 16 were found in the oral cavity, although American Asian (22.5%) and African (2.5%) variants were identified in the anal canal. The analysis showed that CD4 counts could be the most important risk factor associated with HR-HPV infections in the oral cavity, anal canal or both anatomical regions. The risk of infection of the oral cavity with type 18 increased in men diagnosed with HIV for more than 6 years. Conclusions Prevalence of both HR and LR HPV’s in the oral cavity of Mexican HIV+ MSM is very high. The fact that only European variants of HPV16 were found in the oral cavity suggest a possible tropism not previously described.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status Differentially Associated With Genital and Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1097/olq.0000000000000672 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 656-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Han-Zhu Qian ◽

Yifei Hu ◽

James G. Carlucci ◽

Lu Yin ◽

Xiangwei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status ◽

Chinese Men ◽

Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Sex With Men

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Prevalence, Incidence, and Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Types Covered by Current Vaccines in Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the SUN Study

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz425 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 222 (2) ◽

pp. 234-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pragna Patel ◽

Tim Bush ◽

Lois Conley ◽

Elizabeth R Unger ◽

Teresa M Darragh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Abnormal Cytology ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Vaccine Impact ◽

Sex With Men ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background High-risk anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is prevalent among men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); the association between 9-valent (9v) high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) vaccine types and abnormal cytology has not been well characterized. Methods We followed a prospective cohort study of persons with HIV at 7 HIV clinics in 4 US cities from March 2004 through June 2012. Annually, providers collected separate anal swabs for HPV detection and cytopathologic examination. Among men, we examined prevalence, incidence, and clearance of 9v HR-HPV vaccine types, compared with other HR types, and associations with abnormal cytology to assess potential vaccine impact. Results Baseline prevalence of any anal 9v HR-HPV type among men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW) was 74% and 25% (P < .001), respectively. Among 299 MSM, abnormal cytology was detected in 161 (54%) MSM and was associated with the presence of any 9v HR-HPV (relative risk [RR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–2.6]; P < .001). Among 61 MSW, abnormal anal cytology was detected in 12 (20%) and was associated with the presence of any 9v HR-HPV (RR, 4.3 [95% CI, 1.6–11.5]; P < .001). Conclusions Among men with HIV, the prevalence of the 7 HR-HPV types in the 9v vaccine was high and was associated with abnormal cytology. These findings indicate that men with HIV could benefit from prophylactic administration of the 9v HPV vaccine.

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Incidence, Clearance, and Persistence of Anal Human Papillomavirus in Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1097/olq.0000000000000958 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 229-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jason J. Ong ◽

Sandra Walker ◽

Andrew Grulich ◽

Jennifer Hoy ◽

Tim R.H. Read ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Sex With Men

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The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition in Men who Have Sex with Men: A Review of the Literature

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v4123851 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 3851-3858 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Brandon Brown ◽

Mariam Davtyan ◽

Jerome Galea ◽

Erica Chow ◽

Segundo Leon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Virus Acquisition ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Sex With Men

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Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Togo: A National Cross-sectional Survey

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciy1012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1019-1026 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Valentine Marie Ferré ◽

Fifonsi A Gbeasor-Komlanvi ◽

Gilles Collin ◽

Anoumou Claver Dagnra ◽

Quentin Le Hingrat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

National Study ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa is a region of both high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anal cancer incidence. We conducted the first national study in Togo to assess human papillomavirus (HPV), HIV, and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM recruited in 4 Togolese cities. Anal swabs were collected to test HPV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and 7 STIs. Results Among the 207 MSM, HIV and high-risk HPV (hrHPV) overall prevalence were 26.1% and 44.9%, respectively. The most common hrHPV types were HPV-35 (15.0%) and HPV-16 (13.0%). Prevalence of hrHPV and multiple HPV infections were higher among HIV-infected than among HIV-uninfected MSM (85.2% vs 30.7%, P < 10–5 and 85.2% vs 28.7%, P < 10–5, respectively). Other STIs, except hepatitis B virus, were also more prevalent among HIV-infected MSM (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, P = .03; Mycoplasma genitalium, P = .04; HSV-2, P = .001; and a trend for Chlamydia trachomatis, P = .06). In multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]), HIV (10.1 [4.0–25.6]), living in Lomé (2.8 [1.1–7.1]), HSV-2 excretion (26.7 [2.9–244.3]), C. trachomatis (11.7 [2.3–58.9]), and M. genitalium infection (9.6 [3.1–29.9]) were associated with increased risk of hrHPV infection. Conclusions We report a high burden of anal STIs with an unusual hrHPV type distribution among MSM, highlighting the critical need of implementation of a national strategy regarding prevention of STIs and vaccination against HPV.

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High Prevalence of Anal and Oral High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Uninfected French Men Who Have Sex With Men and Use Preexposure Prophylaxis

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa ◽

Laurent Bélec ◽

Camelia Gubavu ◽

Hélène Péré ◽

Mathieu Matta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Oral Hpv ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract Background We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of anal and oral high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus–uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) and take preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in France. Methods Anal and oral samples were screened by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (Anyplex II HPV 28; Seegene) for HPV DNA. Results A total of 61 unvaccinated MSM (mean age, 36.1 years) were enrolled. Anal HPV and HR-HPV prevalences were 93.4% and 81.9%, respectively, and oral HPV and HR-HPV prevalences, 33.9% and 19.6%, respectively. HR-HPV type 33 was the most detected genotype, in both anal and oral samples. Among MSM, 68.8% carried ≥1 anal HPV type targeted by the 9-valent Gardasil-9 vaccine; all oral HPV-positive samples carried ≥1 strain included in the vaccine. Condomless receptive anal intercourse and history of anal gonorrhea were the main factors associated with increased risk for anal HPV infection (adjusted odds ratio, 10.4) and anal infection with multiple HR-HPV genotypes (5.77), respectively. Conversely, having had <10 partners in the last 12 months was associated with decreased risk for anal carriage of both multiple HPV (adjusted odds ratio, 0.19) and HR-HPV (0.17) types. Conclusion French MSM using PrEP are at high risk for both anal and oral carriage of HR-HPV that could lead to HPV-related cancers.

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