Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in a central Chinese urban population: a cross-sectional survey

Aim: Atherosclerosis involves vascular endothelial damage and lipid metabolism disorder, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, studies on non-high albuminuria DKD (NHADKD) with an albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) <30 mg/g are rare. This study is to investigate the relationship between atherogenic factors and the occurrence of NHADKD. Methods: Serum lipid indicators, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lip-PLA2) and homocysteine levels were measured in 1116 subjects to analyze their relationship with NHADKD. Results: Among all subjects, Lip-PLA2 had the closest but relatively weak correlation with ACR ( r = 0.297, p < 0.001) and only homocysteine was moderately correlated with eGFR ( r = −0.465, p < 0.001). However, in patients with NHADKD, these atherosclerotic factors were weakly correlated or uncorrelated with eGFR (max. | r| = 0.247). Stratified risk analysis showed that when ACR was <10 mg/g, homocysteine [OR = 6.97(4.07–11.95)], total cholesterol (total-Chol) [OR = 6.04(3.03–12.04)], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol) [OR = 5.09(2.99–8.64)] were risk factors for NHADKD. There was no significant difference of OR between these three factors ( Z = 0.430–1.044, all p > 0.05). When ACR was ⩾10mg/g, homocysteine [OR = 17.26(9.67–30.82)] and total-Chol [OR = 5.63(2.95–10.76)] were risk factors for NHADKD, and ORhomocysteine was significantly higher than ORtotal-Chol ( Z = 3.023, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The occurrence of NHADKD may be related to the levels of homocysteine, total-Chol, HDL-Chol, and Lip-PLA2 in blood. Among them, homocysteine may be most closely related to NHADKD.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in a central Chinese urban population: a cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.2.10157/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jiayu Duan ◽

Duan Guang-Cai ◽

Wang Chong-Jian ◽

Liu Dong-Wei ◽

Qiao Ying-Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽

Central China ◽

Diabetic Kidney

Abstract Background This study was conducted to evaluate and update the current prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a China. Methods A total of 5231 participants were randomly recruited for this study. CKD and DKD were defined according to the combination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), presence of albuminuria and diabetes. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing lifestyle and relevant medical history, and blood and urinary specimens were taken. Serum creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and urinary albumin were assessed. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalences of CKD and DKD were calculated, and risk factors associated with the presence of reduced eGFR, albuminuria, DKD, severity of albuminuria and progression of reduce renal function were analyzed by binary and ordinal logistic regression. Results The overall adjusted prevalence of CKD was 16.8% (15.8 – 17.8%) and that of DKD was 3.5% (3.0 – 4.0%). Decreased renal function was detected in 132 participants [2.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5 – 3.2%], whereas albuminuria was found in 858 participants (14.9%, 95% CI: 13.9 – 15.9%). In all participants with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced eGFR was 6.3% (95% CI = 3.9 – 8.6%) and that of albuminuria was 45.3% (95% CI = 40.4 – 50.1%). The overall prevalence of CKD in participants with diabetes was 48.0% (95% CI = 43.1 – 52.9%). The results of the binary and ordinal logistic regression indicated that factors independently associated with higher risk of reduced eGFR and albuminuria were older age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. Conclusions Our study shows the current prevalences of CKD and DKD in residents of Central China. The high prevalence suggests an urgent need to implement interventions to relieve the high burden of CKD and DKD in China.

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Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in urban adults’ populations of northern Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.13026/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Francois Folefack Kaze ◽

Mahamat Maimouna ◽

Augustin Fanday Beybey ◽

Eric Walter Pefura-Yone ◽

Adamou Dodo Balkissou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Chronic Nephropathy

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem with growing prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the prevalence and determinants of CKD in Garoua and Figuil cities of the North region of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2018 in the two cities, using a multi-level cluster sampling. All adults with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and/or albuminuria (≥ 30 mg/g) were reviewed three months later. Logistic regression models (accounting for the sampling strategy) were used to investigate the predictors of the outcomes. Results: A total of 433 participants were included, with a mean age (95%CI) of 45.0 (43.4-46.6) years, 212 (48.7%) men, 294 (67.9%) from Garoua and 218 (45.6%) with no formal education. Risk factors for chronic nephropathy were highly prevalent including longstanding use of street medications (52.8%), herbal medicines (50.2%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (50%), alcohol consumption (34.4%), hypertension (33.9%), overweight/obesity (33.6%), hyperuricemia (16.8%), smoking (11.3%) and hyperglycemia (6.5%). The prevalence of CKD was 11.7% overall, 10.7% in Garoua and 13% in Figuil participants. Equivalents figures for CKD G3-5 and albuminuria were 2.8%, 2.0% and 4.5%; and 9.1%, 9.3% and 8.5% respectively. History of diabetes, increase systolic blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia were predictors of CKD. Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD is as high in these northern cities as previously reported in southern cities of Cameroon, driven mostly by known modifiable risk factors of chronic nephropathy.

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Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in a central Chinese urban population: a cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.2.10157/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jiayu Duan ◽

Guang-Cai Duan ◽

Chong-Jian Wang ◽

Dong-Wei Liu ◽

Ying-Jin Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

Current Prevalence

Abstract Background : This study was conducted to evaluate and update the current prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in China. Methods : A total of 5231 participants were randomly recruited for this study. CKD and DKD were defined according to the combination of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the presence of albuminuria and diabetes. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing lifestyle and relevant medical history, and blood and urine specimens were taken. Serum creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and urinary albumin were assessed. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of CKD and DKD was calculated, and risk factors associated with the presence of reduced eGFR, albuminuria, DKD, severity of albuminuria and progression of reduced renal function were analyzed by binary and ordinal logistic regression. Results : The overall adjusted prevalence of CKD was 16.8% (15.8 – 17.8%) and that of DKD was 3.5% (3.0 – 4.0%). Decreased renal function was detected in 132 participants (2.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5 – 3.2%), whereas albuminuria was found in 858 participants (14.9%, 95% CI: 13.9 – 15.9%). In all participants with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced eGFR was 6.3% (95% CI = 3.9 – 8.6%) and that of albuminuria was 45.3% (95% CI = 40.4 – 50.1%). The overall prevalence of CKD in participants with diabetes was 48.0% (95% CI = 43.1 – 52.9%). The results of the binary and ordinal logistic regression indicated that the factors independently associated with a higher risk of reduced eGFR and albuminuria were older age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. Conclusions : Our study shows the current prevalence of CKD and DKD in residents of Central China. The high prevalence suggests an urgent need to implement interventions to relieve the high burden of CKD and DKD in China.

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Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in an african semi-urban area: Results from a cross-sectional survey in Gueoul, Senegal

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation ◽

10.4103/1319-2442.220878 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1389 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Faye ◽

AhmedTall Lemrabott ◽

MouhamadouMoustapha Cissé ◽

Khodia Fall ◽

Younoussa Keita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Urban Area ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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Conditions, pathogenesis, and progression of diabetic kidney disease and early decliner in Japan

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e000902 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yui Yoshida ◽

Kosuke Kashiwabara ◽

Yosuke Hirakawa ◽

Tetsuhiro Tanaka ◽

Shinsuke Noso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

Patients With Diabetes

ObjectiveGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases without or prior to the development of albuminuria in many patients with diabetes. Therefore, albuminuria and/or a low GFR in patients with diabetes is referred to as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A certain proportion of patients with diabetes show a rapid progressive decline in renal function in a unidirectional manner and are termed early decliners. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of DKD and early decliners and clarify their risk factors.Research design and methodsThis combination cross-sectional and cohort study included 2385 patients with diabetes from 15 hospitals. We defined DKD as a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/gCr and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m². We classified patients into four groups based on the presence or absence of albuminuria and a decrease in eGFR to reveal the risk factors for DKD. We also performed a trajectory analysis and specified the prevalence and risk factors of early decliners with sequential eGFR data of 1955 patients in five facilities.ResultsOf our cohort, 52% had DKD. Above all, 12% with a low eGFR but no albuminuria had no traditional risk factors, such as elevated glycated hemoglobin, elevated blood pressure, or diabetic retinopathy in contrast to patients with albuminuria but normal eGFR. Additionally, 14% of our patients were early decliners. Older age, higher basal eGFR, higher ACR, and higher systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with early decliners.ConclusionsThe prevalence of DKD in this cohort was larger than ever reported. By testing eGFR yearly and identifying risk factors in the early phase of diabetes, we can identify patients at high risk of developing end-stage renal disease.

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Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Association with Risk Factors in Disadvantageous Population

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2012/267329 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Md Nurul Huda ◽

Kazi Shahnoor Alam ◽

Harun-Ur-Rashid

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Normal Population ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mdrd Equation ◽

The World ◽

The Difference

The prevalence of kidney disease, particularly diabetic and hypertensive kidney disease is increasing rapidly specially in the disadvantageous group of population throughout the world. A cross sectional survey was carried out at certain selected slum areas of Mirpur in Dhaka city of Bangladesh over the period from July 2003 to June 2005, and a total of participants ranging from 15 to 65 years were studied. The analysis discovered that 4.1% of the participants were diabetic, 11.6% were hypertensive, and 7.7% had proteinuria. Based on MDRD equation, 13.1% of the participants were detected as having chronic kidney disease (CKD) while with Cockcroft-Gault equation 16% had CKD. Accordingly, the difference between the two equations was not significant. Association of sociodemographic factors with CKD was not significant except age more than 40 years and marital status. The association between CKD and risk factors like proteinuria, obese and overweight, use of tobacco, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension was highly significant. Combined prevalence of DM, hypertension, and proteinuria among CKD group was also demonstrated to be significantly higher (3.8% with Cockcroft-Gault equation and 5.3% with MDRD equation) than that of normal population. The survey data revealed that CKD and its risk factors like DM and hypertension are alarmingly high in disadvantageous population and adding further pressure to the existing burden of CKD.

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Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic kidney disease in north eastern Nigeria

Annals of African Medical Research ◽

10.4081/aamr.2020.135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ijuptil Chiroma ◽

Mohammad Maina Sulaiman ◽

Bilkisu Mohammed Mubi ◽

Akilahyel Auta Ndahi ◽

Ahidiyu Anaryu Mamza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

North Eastern ◽

Male Sex ◽

Stage Renal Disease

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. In northeastern Nigeria the epidemiology and risk factors have not been fully studied. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence and risk factors of DKD in Maiduguri, north eastern Nigeria. The study population consisted of adult diabetic patients recruited consecutively at the diabetic clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri. Socio-demographic variables including age, sex, weight, BMI, as well as laboratory parameters, were obtained from each patient. Glomerular filtration rate was derived from CKD-EPI formula using serum creatinine. Two hundred and sixty-one diabetic patients were recruited. The prevalence of DKD among them was 42.9%. Classification based on eGFRshowed that 35(13.4%) patients had hyperfiltration; 48 (18.4%) stage I; 66 (25.3%) stage II; 68 (26.1%) stage III; 36 (13.8%) stage IV; 8 (3.1%) stage V. One hundred and seventeen (44.8%) had proteinuria. Low eGFR <60ml/1.73M2 was associated with age >50 years (r=1.039, p=0.011); male sex (r=-0.899, p=0.008); hyperuricaemia (r=1.010, p=0.000); low PCV (r=1.276, p=0.000); HbA1C (r=1.127, p=0.030); proteinuria (r=2.011, p=0.004).This study has shown that chronic kidney disease is common among diabetic patients in northeastern Nigeria. Age, male sex, hyperuricaemia, low PCV, high HbA1C levels and proteinuria were found to be associated with development of DKD.

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