Prevalence and associated risk factors for Kaposi’s sarcoma among HIV-positive patients in a referral hospital in Northern Tanzania: a retrospective hospital-based study

Background. Enterococci are becoming the most important public health concern and emerging as multidrug-resistant organisms around the world including Africa particularly in Ethiopia where there is a lack of availability of effective antimicrobial drugs. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence and associated risk factors of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Ethiopia.Objective. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and its associated risk factors among HIV-positive and -negative clients.Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May, 2017, on 300 participants at Dessie Referral Hospital. Data were gathered using a pretested structured questionnaire, stool samples were collected and inoculated on to bile esculin agar, and presumptive colonies were inoculated in brain-heart infusion broth containing 6.5% NaCl for selective identification of enterococci. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software package.Results. A total of 300 study participants were enrolled in this study, of which 57.7% were females with a mean age of 34.4, a range of 19–73 years. The overall prevalence of enterococci was 37.3%. The prevalence of VRE was 6.3%. From all isolates, the prevalence of VRE among HIV-positive and -negative clients was 5.9% and 7.4%, respectively. Resistance gentamicin, ampicillin, penicillin, and erythromycin was 37.5%, 34.8%, 34.8%, and 22.3%, respectively. Prevalence of multidrug resistance was (29.5%). Being low in hemoglobin content was significantly associated with VRE.Conclusion. The high prevalence of VRE and multidrug-resistant enterococci in this study signals the emergence of VRE. Detection of VRE in this study indicates decreased antibiotic treatment options of multidrug-resistant enterococci. Therefore, there should be a need to perform continuous surveillance, rational use of antibiotics, and more detailed study using phenotypic and genotypic methods.

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Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma among HIV-positive individuals in a case control study in Cameroon

Cancer Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.canep.2014.02.006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kristen Stolka ◽

Paul Ndom ◽

Jennifer Hemingway-Foday ◽

Jeniffer Iriondo-Perez ◽

Wendell Miley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽

Case Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Control Study

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Prevalence of HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Infants Born to HIV Positive Mothers Attending Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i3.40 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

KEEFA WAMALA ◽

Ronald Nuwamanya ◽

Moses Muwanga

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Regional Referral Hospital ◽

Hiv Exposed Infants ◽

Hiv Positive Mothers ◽

Hiv Exposed ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Mother To Child

Background: Uganda has an estimated 1.4 million people living with HIV with about 52,000 infections occurring every year. In 2018, 160,000 children were reported to have become infected with HIV. Globally, HIV exposed infants have delayed access to Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV, thus hampering efforts towards zero new infections. In Uganda, the prevalence of HIV among infants is not recorded, peak mortality for infants born with HIV occurs between 2 and 3 months of age. Vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is the second commonest route of transmission of HIV in Uganda accounting for 18% of all new infections. This study assessed the prevalence of HIV and associated risk factors among infants born to HIV positive mothers attending Entebbe regional referral hospital. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted at a paediatric ward and Mother-Child Health (MCH) General Department of Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital. The study included 78 HIV-exposed infants whose blood samples were collected and analyzed to know their HIV status and data about risk factors was also collected. Data were collected using questionnaires from mothers. Data were then entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed by SPSS Version 20. Results: The prevalence of HIV infection among HIV exposed infants is 5.1%. Delay in child diagnosis, breastfeeding was the factors that increased the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in this study. Conclusion and recommendations: Having such a significant figure greater than the proposed WHO recommendation of less than 5% new infections in infants in the era of the world’s pledge to eliminate MTCT of HIV is unbearable therefore, interventions need to be done to lower this prevalence

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Prevalence of psychological symptoms and associated risk factors in a Spanish sample of HIV-positive youth compared to uninfected peers

Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.anpede.2020.05.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Velo Higueras ◽

Manuela Martín-Bejarano García ◽

Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez ◽

Beatriz Ruiz Sáez ◽

Isabel Cuéllar-Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Risk Factors for Kaposi’s Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus DNA in Blood and in Saliva in Rural Uganda

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz916 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 1055-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela Nalwoga ◽

Marjorie Nakibuule ◽

Vickie Marshall ◽

Wendell Miley ◽

Nazzarena Labo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Viral Load ◽

Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽

Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽

Young Males ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽

Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽

Ugandan Population

Abstract Background Detectable Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA in blood and increased antibody titres may indicate KSHV reactivation, while the transmission of KSHV occurs via viral shedding in saliva. Methods We investigated the risk factors for KSHV DNA detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction in blood and by viral shedding in saliva, in 878 people aged 3 to 89 years of both sexes in a rural Ugandan population cohort. Helminths were detected using microscopy and the presence of malaria parasitaemia was identified using rapid diagnostic tests. Regression modelling was used for a statistical analysis. Results The KSHV viral load in blood did not correlate with the viral load in saliva, suggesting separate immunological controls within each compartment. The proportions of individuals with a detectable virus in blood were 23% among children aged 3–5 years and 22% among those 6–12 years, thereafter reducing with increasing age. The proportions of individuals with a detectable virus in saliva increased from 30% in children aged 3–5 years to 45% in those aged 6–12 years, and decreased subsequently with increasing age. Overall, 29% of males shed in saliva, compared to 19% of females (P = .008). Conclusions Together, these data suggest that young males may be responsible for much of the onward transmission of KSHV. Individuals with a current malaria infection had higher levels of viral DNA in their blood (P = .031), compared to uninfected individuals. This suggests that malaria may lead to KSHV reactivation, thereby increasing the transmission and pathogenicity of the virus.

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