scholarly journals Prevalence of psychological symptoms and associated risk factors in a Spanish sample of HIV-positive youth compared to uninfected peers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Velo Higueras ◽  
Manuela Martín-Bejarano García ◽  
Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Beatriz Ruiz Sáez ◽  
Isabel Cuéllar-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Its Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Positive and -Negative Clients Attending Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seid Ali ◽  
Martha Alemayehu ◽  
Mulat Dagnew ◽  
Teklay Gebrecherkos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital

Background. Enterococci are becoming the most important public health concern and emerging as multidrug-resistant organisms around the world including Africa particularly in Ethiopia where there is a lack of availability of effective antimicrobial drugs. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence and associated risk factors of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Ethiopia.Objective. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and its associated risk factors among HIV-positive and -negative clients.Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May, 2017, on 300 participants at Dessie Referral Hospital. Data were gathered using a pretested structured questionnaire, stool samples were collected and inoculated on to bile esculin agar, and presumptive colonies were inoculated in brain-heart infusion broth containing 6.5% NaCl for selective identification of enterococci. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software package.Results. A total of 300 study participants were enrolled in this study, of which 57.7% were females with a mean age of 34.4, a range of 19–73 years. The overall prevalence of enterococci was 37.3%. The prevalence of VRE was 6.3%. From all isolates, the prevalence of VRE among HIV-positive and -negative clients was 5.9% and 7.4%, respectively. Resistance gentamicin, ampicillin, penicillin, and erythromycin was 37.5%, 34.8%, 34.8%, and 22.3%, respectively. Prevalence of multidrug resistance was (29.5%). Being low in hemoglobin content was significantly associated with VRE.Conclusion. The high prevalence of VRE and multidrug-resistant enterococci in this study signals the emergence of VRE. Detection of VRE in this study indicates decreased antibiotic treatment options of multidrug-resistant enterococci. Therefore, there should be a need to perform continuous surveillance, rational use of antibiotics, and more detailed study using phenotypic and genotypic methods.

scholarly journals Multiple infections and associated risk factors among non-injecting cocaine users in Argentina

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rossi ◽  
Graciela Radulich ◽  
Estela Muzzio ◽  
Jorge Naveira ◽  
Sergio Sosa-Estani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Injector ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV, core antibody), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis infections and analyze associated risk factors among 504 non-injecting cocaine users (NICU) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed in face-to-face sessions through a short structured questionnaire. Using venipuncture, 10mL of blood was collected. Seroprevalence rates were: HIV (6.3%), HBV (9%), HCV (7.5%), and VDRL (4.2%). The risk of being infected with HIV, HBV, and HCV was significantly associated with having had a sex partner who was either a drug injector or who was known to be HIV positive. HIV and HCV infections were associated with former imprisonment, and HCV was associated with having been tattooed. Because of the rising number of NICU and the multiple infections detected, it is essential to implement prevention strategies focused on this population.

scholarly journals Decreasing incidence of pregnancy among HIV-positive adolescents in a large HIV treatment program in western Kenya between 2005 and 2017: A retrospective cohort study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Christine Millar ◽  
Alfred K. Keter ◽  
Beverly S. Musick ◽  
Edith Apondi ◽  
Juddy Wachira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for pregnancy among HIV-positive adolescents in a large HIV treatment program in western Kenya. Methods: The Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) program is a partnership between Moi University, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital and a consortium of 11 North American academic institutions. AMPATH currently provides care to 85,000 HIV-positive individuals in western Kenya. Included in this analysis were adolescents aged 10-19 enrolled in AMPATH between January 2005 and February 2017. Socio-demographic, behavioural, and clinical data at baseline and time-updated antiretroviral treatment (ART) data were extracted from the electronic medical records and summarized using descriptive statistics. Follow up time was defined as time of inclusion in the cohort until the date of first pregnancy or age 20, loss to follow up, death, or administrative censoring. Adolescent pregnancy rates and associated risk factors were determined. Results: There were 8565 adolescents eligible for analysis. Median age at enrolment in HIV care was 14.0 years. Only 17.7% had electricity at home and 14.4% had piped water, both indicators of a high level of poverty. 12.9% (1104) were pregnant at study inclusion. Of those not pregnant at enrolment, 5.6% (448) became pregnant at least once during follow-up. Another 1.0% (78) were pregnant at inclusion and became pregnant again during follow-up. The overall pregnancy incidence rate was 21.9 per 1000 woman years or 55.8 pregnancies per 1000 women. Between 2005 and 2017, pregnancy rates have decreased. Adolescents who became pregnant in follow-up were more likely to be older, to be married or living with a partner and to have at least one child already and less likely to be using family planning. Conclusions: A considerable number of these HIV-positive adolescents presented at enrolment into HIV care as pregnant and many became pregnant as adolescents during follow-up. Pregnancy rates remain high but have decreased from 2005 to 2017. Adolescent-focused sexual and reproductive health and ante/postnatal care programs may have the potential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes as well as further decrease pregnancy rates in this high-risk group.

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