Evaluation of depth perception and association of severity in Glaucoma patients and suspects

Abstract Background To evaluate depth perception in Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma suspects compared to controls and to determine the association between depth perception and severity of glaucoma. Methods This was a hospital based, comparative, cross-sectional study. The ethical clearance was taken from institutional review committee of Institute of Medicine [Reference no.399 (6–11) E2 077-078]. Agematched, equal number of participants in each group (N=20) were evaluated with both Titmus and Frisby stereoacuity tests to measure depth perception as stereopsis threshold in seconds of arc. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Results There was no differences in age, sex, or best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness (CCT), found among the three groups (POAG, Glaucoma Suspects and Control) respectively. However, there was significant difference in cup disc ratio (CDR) between the groups. Equal number of male and female were there in each group, while in POAG group male to female ratio was 3:2. The mean stereoacuity threshold in control group was 53.5±23.23 seconds of arc with Titmus test and 38.75±18.83 seconds of arc with Frisby stereoacuity test. The difference in threshold was significant between control and glaucoma suspect with Titmus (t=1.991, p=0.05) and with Frisby (t=2.114, p=0.04). The difference was also significant in POAG group by Titmus (t=3.135, p=0.0033) and by Frisby (t=3.014, p=0.004). More so, with increasing severity of glaucoma, the mean threshold of stereopsis increased as seen with both Titmus and Frisby Tests (ANOVA, p < 0.001) Conclusion Primary open angle glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects, showed significant reduction in depth perception. Decreased stereoacuity was associated with greater glaucomatous visual field loss.

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Advantages of dynamic bi-directional applanation tonometry in primary open-angle glaucoma diagnostics

Russian Ophthalmological Journal ◽

10.21516/2072-0076-2019-12-2-12-17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

A. Sh. Zagidullina ◽

B. M. Aznabaev ◽

I. A. Lakman ◽

R. R. Islamova ◽

R. R. Sattarova

Keyword(s):

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Usa ◽

Advanced Stages

Purpose. To study tonometry parameters features, measured by different methods, taking into account individual morphometric eye parameters and biomechanical properties of the corneoscleral shell in patients with the initial and the advanced stages of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Material and methods. 51 patients (99 eyes) aged 48–82, with the initial (45 eyes) and advanced stages (54 eyes) of POAG were examined. The control group consisted of 31 patients (62 eyes) aged 47–83 without ophthalmic pathology. In addition to standard ophthalmologic examination, tonometry was performed using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Inc., the USA).Results. The main tonometry parameters of ORA revealed significant differences between POAG patients and the control group. No significant difference in the central corneal thickness (CCT) was found between the POAG and the control group. Patients with I and II stages of glaucoma taken separately showed differences in CCT and tonometry parameters.Conclusion. Dynamic bi-directional applanation tonometry enables to take into account the changes in viscoelastic properties of the corneoscleral eye shell, and definitely has diagnostic advantages in examining patients with various stages of POAG.

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Comparison of Ocular Biometry between Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients and Normal subjects

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v13i2.34048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

Nisha Manandhar ◽

Chandni Pradhan ◽

Purushottam Joshi ◽

Prabha Subedi ◽

Pranav Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Axial Length ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Control Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

K Value ◽

The Difference ◽

Glaucoma Group

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness. In Nepal, the most common type of Glaucoma seen is Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. There are many risk factors associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. The main objective of the study was to compare ocular biometric parameters in patients diagnosed with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and age matched controls. Material and methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study done at Mechi Eye Hospital. The study included 137 cases of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and 75 normal individuals as control. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), Keratometry ‘K’ value and Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) were measured. Mann – Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean age in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group was (55.25 ± 10.16 years) and in the control group was (60.96 ± 10.91 years). Axial length in the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group (23.16 ±1.19 mm) was deeper as compared to the control group (22.69 ±0.89 mm), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was statistically deeper in the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group (3.05 ±0.51 mm) as compared to the control group (2.86 ±0.46 mm), (p<0.01). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was thinner in the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group (519.5 ±36.25 um) as compared to the control group (525.40 ±37.77 um) but the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p<0.19). K value in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (7.54 ±0.41mm) was higher than age-matched controls (7.58 ± 0.33mm) but the difference was not statistically significant (p<0.79). Conclusion: Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma had longer Axial length (AL) and deeper Anterior chamber depth (ACD) as compared to normal individuals.

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Effect of mean ocular perfusion pressure on primary open angle glaucoma

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v11i4.38618 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 286-290

Author(s):

Pallab Kumar Sen ◽

Nazneen Khan ◽

Md. Shafiqul Islam

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Perfusion Pressure ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Control Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

Ocular Perfusion Pressure ◽

Ocular Perfusion ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Primary open angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma and it remains asymptomatic until the late stage of the disease. The purpose of this study is to compare the mean ocular perfusion pressure with the primary open angle glaucoma. A total of 60 study subjects were divided into two following groups: a) newly diagnosed patients with primary open angle glaucoma (case) and b) age and sex-matched healthy volunteers (control). The intraocular pressure and blood pressure were measured 3 hourly from 8:00 am to 11:00 pm. The mean ocular perfusion pressure of the right eyes in untreated primary open angle glaucoma was 39.9 ± 7.5 mm Hg whereas it was 47.7 ± 7.7 mm Hg in the control. The odds ratio was 6.6 (95% CI, 2.1-20.5; p=0.002). The right eyes of untreated primary open angle glaucoma had 6.6 times more risk compared to the control group. The mean ocular perfusion pressure of left eyes in untreated primary open angle glaucoma was 39.9 ± 7.5 mm Hg and 48.6 ± 4.0 mm Hg in the control group. The odds ratio was 5.7 (95% CI, 1.8-17.5; p=0.004). The left eyes of untreated primary open angle glaucoma had 5.7 times more risk compared to control group. The findings revealed the evidence of vascular mechanism in glaucoma pathogenesis: Reduction of mean ocular perfusion pressure ≤48 mm Hg, may lead to daily repetitive ischemic insult to the optic nerve.

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Clinical Analysis of Macular Choroidal Thickness in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2021/3897952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Fan Li ◽

Yiming Huo ◽

Lihua Ma ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

Hengli Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Axial Length ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Control Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma ◽

The Mean ◽

Choroidal Volume

Purpose. To evaluate the differences in macular choroidal thickness and volume among patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG), patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and controls. Methods. A total of 50 PXG patients (50 eyes) and 56 POAG patients (56 eyes) were selected as the PXG group and the POAG group, respectively, in this case-control study. A total of 54 age-, gender-, IOP-, and axial length-matched healthy individuals (54 eyes) were selected as the control group. Enhanced-depth imaging-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure and analyze the choroidal thicknesses and volumes in 9 macular regions of all subjects. Results. The choroidal thicknesses in the central subfield (CSM), temporal inner macula (TIM), inferior inner macula (IIM), and temporal outer macula (TOM) and the mean macular choroidal thickness were significantly thinner in the PXG group than in the control group (all P < 0.05 ). The choroidal volumes in the TIM, IIM, and TOM and the mean macular choroidal volume were significantly smaller in the PXG group than in the control group (all P < 0.05 ). The choroidal thicknesses in the CSM and IIM and the mean macular choroidal thickness were significantly thinner in the PXG group than in the POAG group (all P < 0.05 ). The choroidal volumes in the IIM and TOM and the mean macular choroidal volume were significantly smaller in the PXG group than in the POAG group (all P < 0.05 ). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the mean macular choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in association with older subjects and longer axial length eyes. There was no association between the macular choroidal thickness of various macular regions and visual field mean defect (MD) in groups PXG and POAG (all P > 0.05 ). Conclusions. The macular choroidal thicknesses and volumes (inferior and temporal) in PXG patients were thinner and smaller than those in POAG patients and healthy individuals. The role of choroidal thickness changes in the course of PXG remains unclear. A future prospective study is needed to better define these changes in PXG patients.

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Comparison of Hypotensive Effect of Endotrabeculoectomy and Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty

International scientific-practical journal Ophthalmology ◽

10.30702/ophthalmology28122021-15.4.19-25/615.849.19 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Olha V. Levytska ◽

Igor Ya. Novytskyy

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Glaucoma Surgery ◽

Hypotensive Effect ◽

Open Angle ◽

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty ◽

Laser Trabeculoplasty ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Hypotensive effect of endotrabeculectomy was compared with that of selective laser trabeculoplasty in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). We evaluated 44 patients (44 eyes) with POAG. In the first group (23 patients), endotrabeculectomy (trabecular ablation through the angle of anterior chamber) was performed, and in the second group (21 patients) the patients underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty. When comparing the intraocular pressure (IOP), it was found that the difference between preoperative and postoperative IOP was significant up to 6 months of follow-up in both groups (p < 0.05), however, hypotensive effect in the first group was more pronounced (7.58 vs. 1.55 mmHg, respectively). When comparing the number of hypotensive medications used before and after glaucoma surgery, it was found that the difference in patients of the first group was significant throughout the observation period (p = 0.028), while in patients of the second group there was no significant difference from the 3rd month of observation. The number of topical drugs to reduce IOP decreased by 1.44 in the first group (p < 0.05) and by 0.33 in the second group (p = 0.109). Endotrabeculectomy, as well as selective laser trabeculoplasty, showed significant hypotensive effect in patients with POAG within 6 months of observation, however, hypotensive effect of endotrabeculectomy significantly overweighted that of SLT. Keywords: endotrabeculectomy, selective laser trabeculoplasty, intraocular pressure, primary open-angle glaucoma.

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Diabetes Mellitus and the risk of Primary open angle glaucoma

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v9i1.17526 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P Lavaju ◽

S Shah ◽

S Sharma ◽

R Maskey

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Open Angle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Inclusion of DM as a risk factor for POAG is controversial. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether Type II (T2) DM is a risk factor for POAG and to determine central corneal thickness (CCT) in the subjects with T2DM and to examine the relationship between T2DM and intraocular pressure (IOP).Materials and methods: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted including 189 subjects of age > 40 years. In Group I, 113 patients diagnosed with T2DM and Group II, age and sex matched 76 subjects with POAG without DM was included. Detailed ocular examination, IOP, CCT and funduscopy evaluation was done. Results: Most of the patients were more than 60 years of age with mean age 58 ± 11 years. Male: female ratio was 1:1. POAG was seen in 27.4% of patients with T2DM. Mean IOP in T2DM was 14.67± 2.63mmHg and in non diabetic, 17.25±4.47 mmHg (p <0.00). In group I, mean CCT was 538.83± 22.7μm and in group II, 531.26 ± 20.9μm (p-0.126). There was no association between CCT and glaucoma (p=0.072, 95% CI: -0.76 –17.46). The study could not elicit an association of T2DM with glaucoma. Duration of T2DM did not affect an association between T2DM and glaucoma (p-0.757). Random blood sugar (p<0.001) and oral hypoglycemic drugs (p=0.030) showed an association with glaucoma. Conclusion: The study failed to show an association between T2DM and primary open angle glaucoma and CCT though an association seen with IOP. A larger prospective comparative study may be help in understanding this association.

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Comparison of the Effect of Trabeculectomy in Controlling Intraocular Pressure in Pseudo-Exfoliaiton and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients

Ophthalmology Research An International Journal ◽

10.9734/or/2019/v10i130096 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

S. Kavuncu ◽

H. H. Erbil

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Study Groups ◽

First Year ◽

Open Angle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of the trabeculectomy in controlling intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle and pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma. Materials and Methods: The medical data of a sum of 69 eyes of which 36 (52,2%) with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 33 (47,8%) with pseudo-exfoliation (PEG), who have medically uncontrolled glaucoma and had undergone primary trabeculectomy in Göztepe Education and Research Hospital were evaluated in this retrospective study. Postoperatively, data at the first day, at the first month, and at the last examination evaluated in the study. Success of the surgery is defined as measurement of intraocular pressure under 21 mmHg with (incomplete success) or without (complete success) additional medications following the end of the first year follow-up examinations. Results: POAG group consists of 36 patients of which 16 male, 20 female and PEG group consists of 33 patients of which 21 male and 12 female. The mean age was 67.2±9.1 (42-80) years in POAG group and 70.7±6.6 (55-80) years in PEG group. There was no statistically significant difference between POAG and PEG groups in visual acuity, mean intraocular pressure, c/d ratio and the number of antiglaucomatous medications preoperatively and postoperatively (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in groups between post and preoperative values in visual acuity, mean intraocular pressure, c/d ratio and the number of antiglaucomatous medications (p<0.05) Success of the trabeculectomy was 41,7% (complete success), 41,7% (incomplete success) and remaining 16,6% was unsuccessful, in POAG group and success rate in PEG group was 51.5%, 27,3% and 21,2% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.738). Conclusion: Trabeculectomy is an effective surgery in lowering intraocular pressure in both of the study groups equally.

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Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v12i1.40484 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

Sayaka Sultana ◽

Nazneen Khan ◽

Chonchol Kumar Ghosh ◽

Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽

Md. Shafiqul Islam

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

13C Urea Breath Test ◽

H Pylori

The pathological processes of primary open-angle glaucoma is unknown. Several studies show the relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between H. pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma. Forty patients of diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma were selected as case and 40 participants without primary open-angle glaucoma were selected as control as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Complete clinical evaluation including history, physical examination, relevant ocular examinations and laboratory investigations were performed. Serologic evidence of H. pylori infection was found in 75% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 30% of patients without primary open-angle glaucoma which achieved statistically significant difference (p=0.000, OR=7.00 and CI 95% =2.61-18.74). 13C urea breath test was positive in 70% in case group and 37.5% in control group which also achieved statistically significant difference (p=0.003, OR=3.89 and CI 95% =1.53-9.87). The findings revealed significant association between H. pylori infection and primary open-angle glaucoma.

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Scleral Concave Pool Trabeculectomy Combined Phacoemulsification in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma with Cataract.

10.21203/rs.2.19458/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiangxiang Ye ◽

Yongjun Qi ◽

Jianhua Deng ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Ting Mo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Case Series ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

Postoperative Changes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 5

Abstract Background: To investigate the safety and efficacy of scleral concave pool trabeculectomy (SCPT) combined phacoemulsification for eyes with coexisting cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods: This was a retrospective, controlled, interventional case series. Thirty patients (30 eyes) were diagnosed with coexisting cataract and POAG between May 2015 and April 2018. Fourteen eyes underwent SCPT combined phacoemulsification were set as the study group, and 16 eyes received conventional phacotrabeculectomy were set as the control group. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months. The preoperative to postoperative changes in IOP, glaucoma medication requirements, BCVA, blebs functions, and adverse events were recorded. Results: The groups were matched for baseline age, BCVA, IOP and types of IOP-lowering medications (all P>0.05). At 6-month visit, there were no significant difference between control and study group in the improvement of BCVA (0.22±0.24 versus 0.18±0.26, P=0.718), reduction of IOP (-11.21±8.61mmHg versus -9.19±9.18mmHg, P=0.540) and the number of eyes that needed IOP-lowering medications (2 versus 3, P=0.743). At the last visit, the rate of forming functioning blebs was significantly different between the study and control groups, (92.9% versus 68.7% respectively, P=0.007). In the study group, 5 eyes developed hypotony，and 1 eye showed limited choroidal detachment, whereas in the control group 1 eye developed malignant glaucoma. All adverse events were successfully managed. Conclusion: The SCPT combined phacoemulsification is a safe and effective alternative to conventional phacotrabeculectomy for patients with POAG and visually significant cataract.

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Safety and Efficacy of Scleral Concave Pool Trabeculectomy Combined Phacoemulsification for Eyes with Coexisting Cataract and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

10.21203/rs.2.19458/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiangxiang Ye ◽

Yongjun Qi ◽

Jianhua Deng ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Ting Mo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Case Series ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Postoperative Changes ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of scleral concave pool trabeculectomy (SCPT) combined phacoemulsification for eyes with coexisting cataract and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods This was a retrospective, controlled, interventional case series. Thirty patients (30 eyes) were diagnosed with coexisting cataract and POAG between May 2015 and April 2018. Fourteen eyes underwent SCPT combined phacoemulsification were set as the study group, and 16 eyes received conventional phacotrabeculectomy were set as the control group. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months. The preoperative to postoperative changes in IOP, glaucoma medication requirements, BCVA, blebs functions, and adverse events were recorded.Results The groups were matched for baseline age, BCVA, IOP and types of IOP-lowering medications (all P>0.05). At 6-month visit, there were no significant difference between control and study group in the improvement of BCVA (0.22±0.24 versus 0.18±0.26, P=0.718), reduction of IOP (-11.21±8.61mmHg versus -9.19±9.18mmHg, P=0.540) and the number of eyes that needed IOP-lowering medications (2 versus 3, P=0.743). At the last visit, the rate of forming functioning blebs was significantly different between the study and control groups, (92.9% versus 68.7% respectively, P=0.007). In the study group, 5 eyes developed shallow anterior chamber,and 1 eye showed limited choroidal detachment, whereas in the control group 1 eye developed malignant glaucoma. All adverse events were successfully managed.Conclusion The SCPT combined phacoemulsification is a safe and effective alternative to conventional phacotrabeculectomy for patients with POAG and visually significant cataract.

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