Relationship between segmental trunk control and gross motor development in typically developing infants aged from 4 to 12 months: a pilot study

Abstract Background Trunk control is generally considered to be related to gross motor development. However, this assumption has not been validated with clinical data. This pilot study was the first of its kind to examine the longitudinal development of segmental trunk control and gross motor development from 4 to 12 months of age in typically developing full-term infants. Methods A convenience cohort of 20 healthy full-term infants (mean gestation = 39.0 weeks, SD 1.2; mean birthweight = 2975.0 g, SD 297.0; males = 10) was recruited. All study infants were tested and scored monthly by independent assessors using the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale from 4 to 12 months of age. Results A developmental trend of segmental trunk control was found in the infants. Static vertical upright trunk control developed prior to active and reactive control. Statistically significant correlations were found between trunk control status and gross motor development mainly in prone and sitting positions from 8 months of age onwards (all p < 0.004, Spearman’s r ranged from 0.644 to 0.798). Conclusions This pilot study provides preliminary clinical evidence to support the inter-dependency between vertical upright trunk control and gross motor development in young infants, particularly as upright functional skills are gained. This suggests that a dual focus on training upright trunk control alongside gross motor skills could be of benefit in the treatment of infants with movement disorders.

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Intra-individual stability of rate of gross motor development in full-term infants

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/s0378-3782(98)00028-0 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 169-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Johanna Darrah ◽

Lynn Redfern ◽

Thomas O Maguire ◽

A.Paul Beaulne ◽

Joe Watt

Keyword(s):

Motor Development ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development

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Differences in walking attainment ages between low-risk preterm and healthy full-term infants

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2012000800007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 593-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana P. Restiffe ◽

José Luiz D. Gherpelli

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Motor Development ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Predictive Variables

OBJECTIVE: To compare gross motor development of preterm infants (PT) without cerebral palsy with healthy full-term (FT) infants, according to Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); to compare the age of walking between PT and FT; and whether the age of walking in PT is affected by neonatal variables. METHODS: Prospective study compared monthly 101 PT and 52 FT, from the first visit, until all AIMS items had been observed. Results: Mean scores were similarity in their progression, except from the eighth to tenth months. FT infants were faster in walking attainment than PT. Birth weight and length and duration of neonatal nursery stay were related to walking delay. CONCLUSION: Gross motor development between PT and FT were similar, except from the eighth to tenth months of age. PT walked later than FT infants and predictive variables were birth weight and length, and duration of neonatal intensive unit stay.

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Gross motor development of Thai healthy full-term infants aged from birth to 14 months using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale: Inter individual variability

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 105169

Author(s):

Rungreudee Tupsila ◽

Surussawadi Bennett ◽

Lugkana Mato ◽

Orawan Keeratisiroj ◽

Wantana Siritaratiwat

Keyword(s):

Motor Development ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development

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Comparing Children with and without Dyslexia on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Test of Gross Motor Development

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.105.1.207-214 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 207-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nancy Getchell ◽

Priya Pabreja ◽

Kevin Neeld ◽

Victor Carrio

Keyword(s):

Motor Development ◽

The United States ◽

Control Group ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Assessment Battery ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Dyslexic Group ◽

Skill Performance ◽

Movement Assessment

Dyslexia is the most commonly occurring learning disability in the United States, characterized by difficulties with word recognition, spelling, and decoding. A growing body of literature suggests that deficits in motor skill performance exist in the dyslexic population. This study compared the performance of children with and without dyslexia on different subtests of the Test of Gross Motor Development and Movement Assessment Battery for Children and assessed whether there were developmental changes in the scores of the dyslexic group. Participants included 26 dyslexic children (19 boys and 7 girls; 9.5 yr. old, SD = 1.7) and 23 age- and sex-matched typically developing (17 boys and 6 girls; 9.9 yr. old, SD = 1.3) children as a control group. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the dyslexic group performed significantly lower than the control group only on the Total Balance subtest of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. Additionally, the young dyslexic group performed significantly better on the Total Balance subtest, compared to the older dyslexic group. These results suggest that cerebellar dysfunction may account for differences in performance.

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Ball Catching Performance in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.21.4.348 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 348-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hilde Van Waelvelde ◽

Willy De Weerdt ◽

Paul De Cock ◽

Bouwien C.M. Smits-Engelsman ◽

Wim Peersman

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Motor Development ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Typically Developing Children ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Movement Strategies ◽

Coordination Disorder

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of ball catching performance of children with DCD to the performance of younger typically developing children. The outcome measures used were a modified ball catching item of the Test of Gross Motor Development and the number of grasping errors in a ball catching test. In the study, children with DCD were matched with younger typically developing children according to gender and the number of caught balls in the ball catching test. Children with DCD made significantly more grasping errors and scored significantly lower on the modified TGMD-item. Children with DCD were not only delayed in ball catching but they also seemed to use different movement strategies compared to younger typically developing children.

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Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Third Edition (German Translation): Results of a Pilot Study

Journal of Motor Learning and Development ◽

10.1123/jmld.2016-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 29-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Matthias O. Wagner ◽

E. Kipling Webster ◽

Dale A. Ulrich

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Motor Development ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Kindergarten Children ◽

Skill Assessment ◽

Gross Motor ◽

German Translation ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

And Gender

The Test of Gross Motor Development, 3rd Edition (TGMD-3) is a process-oriented fundamental movement skill assessment to examine the movement patterns displayed by children between the ages of 3 and 10 years. Within this paper, results of a pilot study on the reliability, validity, and measurement invariance across gender of the TGMD-3 (German translation) are presented. In total, performances of 189 typically developing children (99 boys, 90 girls, 56 kindergarten children, 133 elementary school children, Mage = 7.15 ± 2.02 years) are analyzed. Results provide preliminary evidence for test-retest, interrater and intrarater reliability, internal consistency, age- and gender- specific performance trends, factorial validity, measurement invariance across gender, divergent validity, and ball skill–related concurrent and predictive validity of the TGMD-3 (German translation). Subsequent research should be focused on a verification of the present findings on a representative database to foster the application of the TGMD-3 (German translation) in different settings.

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Scores on Test of Gross Motor Development of Children with Dysphasia: A Pilot Study

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2003.97.3.755 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 755-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pauli Rintala ◽

Jari Linjala

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Motor Development ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development

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Is Segmental Trunk Control Related to Gross Motor Performance in Healthy Preterm and Full-Term Infants?

Journal of Motor Behavior ◽

10.1080/00222895.2019.1673694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 666-675

Author(s):

Ana Luiza Righetto Greco ◽

Natalia Tiemi da Silva Sato ◽

Adrielle Moraes Cazotti ◽

Eloisa Tudella

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Full Term ◽

Trunk Control ◽

Term Infants ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Performance

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Apnea of Infancy and Subsequent Neurologic, Cognitive, and Behavioral Status

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.73.5.638 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 73 (5) ◽

pp. 638-645

Author(s):

Eva Deykin ◽

Margaret L. Bauman ◽

Dorothy H. Kelly ◽

Chung-Cheng Hsieh ◽

Daniel Shannon

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Selection Bias ◽

Motor Development ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Threshold Effect ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Poor Outcome ◽

Significant Impairment ◽

Cognitive Deficiencies

A pilot study investigated the neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of nonfatal infancy apnea. Fifteen formerly apneic, monitored children were compared with age-similar siblings and with agesex matched playmates. Significant impairment in gross motor development and mild cognitive deficiencies were observed when those who had had apnea were compared with their siblings but not when contrasted with their playmates. Lack of difference between those who had had apnea and playmates might have been due to a selection bias involving assortive friendships. The frequency and the severity of apneic episodes were associated but neither one showed a clear gradient of risk for poor outcome in the areas under study, indicating the possibility that apnea may have a threshold effect on subsequent development.

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