Female sex, poverty and globalization as determinants of obesity among rural South African type 2 diabetics: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTrichomonas vaginalisis thought to be the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. We investigated the prevalence, risk factors and protozoan load ofT. vaginalisinfection in South African women.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 604 women was conducted at 25 primary healthcare facilities in rural South Africa (Mopani district).T. vaginalisDNA was detected in vaginal and rectal swabs. In univariate and multivariate analyses, theT. vaginalisinfection was investigated in relation to demographic characteristics, medical history and behavioural factors. TheT. vaginalisload was determined as the logarithm of DNA copies per microlitre sample solution.ResultsCollected vaginal and rectal swabs were tested forT. vaginalisDNA. Prevalence of vaginalT. vaginaliswas 20% (95% CI 17.0% to 23.4%) and rectal 1.2% (95% CI 0.6% to 2.4%). Most women (66%) with a vaginal infection were asymptomatic. Factors associated withT. vaginalisinfection were a relationship status of single (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.0; p<0.001) and HIV positive infection (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.6; p=0.041). Women with vaginalT. vaginalisinfection were more likely to have concurrentChlamydia trachomatisrectal infection than those without vaginal infection (12%vs3%; p<0.001; OR 4.1). A higher medianT. vaginalisload was observed among women with observed vaginal discharge compared with those without vaginal discharge (p=0.025).ConclusionsVaginal trichomoniasis is highly prevalent in rural South Africa, especially among single women and those with HIV infection, and often presents without symptoms.

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Lipid profile abnormalities in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1452

Author(s):

Monica A. ◽

Dhivya P.

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

South Indian Population ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Diabetics ◽

Very High

Background: India is fast becoming the diabetes capital of the World. A direct atherogenic effect of triglyceride rich particles has been noted. This study assesses the lipid profile abnormalities in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, such assessment will enable better recognition, prevention and management of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.Methods: The study was conducted over a period of one year at a tertiary care hospital in South India. A cross-sectional study of 100 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in a rural South-Indian population was done. Results: In our study, 55 (55%) participants had high triglycerides and 45 (45%) had normal triglycerides. Among the 55 participants with abnormal triglycerides, 34% had borderline high levels (150-199mg/dl), 18% had high levels (200-499 mg/dl) and 3% participants had very high triglycerides (≥500 mg/dl). 26% male and 29% female participants had above normal triglyceride levels. In our study, 25% had borderline high cholesterol levels and 5% had high total Cholesterol. 39% of participants had near optimal levels of LDL, 19% had borderline high levels of LDL, 7% had high levels of LDL and 4% had very high levels of LDL. Significantly higher levels of triglycerides and LDL were noted.Conclusions: Deranged lipid profiles are quite prevalent in type 2 diabetics with females having higher triglyceride levels. Recognition of such elevated triglyceride levels in even newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics will help in better prevention of associated cardiovascular disease.

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Correlation of Glycemic and Lipid Control Parameters with Cognitive Dysfunction Scores, in Type 2 Diabetic Persons Results from a cross- sectional study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.12.6775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 3486-3489

Author(s):

Gina Botnariu ◽

Alina Popa ◽

Geta Mitrea ◽

Marius Manole ◽

Mariana Pacurar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Diabetics ◽

Lipid Control ◽

High Density Cholesterol ◽

The Relationship

Diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction is considered a long-term complication of diabetes. In this cross-sectional study was studied the relationship between cognitive dysfunction (assessed by using two standardized questionnaires), lipid profile parameters and fatty free acids intake, in outpatients, hospitalized for their periodical control. The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score were related to the body mass index (BMI), high density cholesterol (HDLc), glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c) and intake of choline and eicosapentaenoic acid (all Ps [ .05, excepting the relationship between MMSE and HDLc). The implications of FFA intake in dementia development, in type 2 diabetics, is important for disease management and prevention.

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Pulse wave analyzed cardiovascular parameters in young first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics- a cross-sectional study

Indian Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/j.ihj.2017.08.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 341-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jayesh D. Solanki ◽

Hemant B. Mehta ◽

Chinmay J. Shah

Keyword(s):

Pulse Wave ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cardiovascular Parameters ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Type 2 Diabetics

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Females with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Are Prone to Diabetic Retinopathy: A Twelve-Province Cross-Sectional Study in China

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/5814296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mei Li ◽

Yina Wang ◽

Zifeng Liu ◽

Xixiang Tang ◽

Panwei Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Sex

Aims. To investigate the distribution of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by sex in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a twelve-province cross-sectional study in China. Methods. Patients with T2DM, whose ages were ≥18 years, were recruited from 76 cities/counties in 12 provinces in mainland China between January 2015 and December 2018. All participants received a standardized interview, eye examinations, and digital fundus photography. The presence and severity of DR were diagnosed and classified by retina specialists according to the DR domestic typing method. Results. A total of 12,766 participants (5963 males and 6803 females) were eligible for this study. The total prevalence of DR was 30.1%. Females exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of DR than males (31.1% vs. 29.0%, P=0.011). A multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that female sex was an independent predictor for a higher prevalence of DR after adjusting for age, the duration of diabetes, economic status, and the presence of hypertension (OR: 1.096, 95% CI: 1.013-1.186, P=0.023). Even after stratification by the diabetic duration, age, and economic status, female sex was still independently associated with the presence of DR in patients whose T2DM history was more than 10 years, whose ages were over 60 years, or who were in a relatively intermediate economic area. Conclusion. Females had a higher prevalence of DR than males in T2DM patients with a diabetic history of more than 10 years, ages over 60 years, or a relatively intermediate economic status.

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