Income in relation to obesity measures in an East German adult population: findings from the LIFE-Adult-Study

Abstract Background Obesity has been postulated to be a consequence of economic disadvantage. However, epidemiological studies failed to demonstrate a consistent link between income and body fat indicators. We examined income as a possible cause of obesity in an East German general population, focusing on appropriate representation of study variables, as well as on confounding and modification of the income-obesity association. Methods We used data of 9599 participants in the baseline examination of the LIFE-Adult-Study, conducted in the city of Leipzig from 2011 to 2014. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as obesity measures were based on standardised measurements, net equivalised income (NEI) on self-reports. We estimated adjusted means of BMI and WC within NEI categories representing the range from risk of poverty to affluence. We stratified the analyses by gender, age, and education. Results A substantial part of the age-adjusted associations of income with obesity measures was attributable to other SES indicators. Adjusted for these variables, NEI was comparably associated with BMI and WC. Among women, BMI and WC decreased across NEI categories. The inverse associations tended to be stronger at non-working age (≥ 65 years) than at working age (< 65 years). Conversely, among working-age men, BMI and WC increased with increasing NEI. Among older men, risk of poverty was related to higher values of the obesity measures. The aforementioned associations were predominantly stronger in highly educated participants compared to those with medium/low education. The differences in mean BMI and WC between persons at risk of poverty and higher income groups were rather small, ranging from 1 to 2 kg/m2 for BMI and 2 to 4 cm for WC. Conclusions Our investigation indicates an association between income and body fatness in an East German adult population that depends on the sociodemographic context of the people. However, it does not suggest that income disparities are a major driver of body fat accumulation in this population. Differential selection of study participants, error in the measurement of long-term income, and possibly reverse causality may have affected our conclusions.

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Material Resources and Body Fatness in an East German Adult Population: Insights From the LIFE-adult-study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-145993/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cornelia Enzenbach ◽

Bernd Kowall

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Material Resources ◽

Adult Study ◽

Working Age ◽

East German ◽

German Adult

Abstract Background. Obesity has been postulated to be a consequence of economic disadvantage. However, epidemiological studies failed to demonstrate a consistent link between income and body fatness. We examined income as a possible cause of obesity in an East German general population, focusing on appropriate representation of study variables, as well as on confounding and modification of the income-obesity association.Methods. We used data of 9,599 participants in the baseline examination of the LIFE-Adult-Study, conducted in the city of Leipzig from 2011 to 2014. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as obesity measures were based on standardised measurements, net equivalised income (NEI) on self-reports. We estimated adjusted means of BMI and WC within NEI categories representing the range from risk of poverty to affluence. We stratified the analyses by gender, age, and education. Results. A substantial part of the age-adjusted associations of income with obesity measures was attributable to other SES indicators. Adjusted for these variables, NEI was comparably associated with BMI and WC. Among women, BMI and WC decreased across NEI categories. The inverse associations tended to be stronger at non-working age (≥ 65 years) than at working age (< 65 years). Conversely, among working-age men, BMI and WC increased with increasing NEI. Among older men, risk of poverty was related to higher values of the obesity measures. The aforementioned associations were predominantly stronger in highly educated participants compared to those with medium/low education. The differences in mean BMI and WC between persons at risk of poverty and higher income groups were rather small, ranging from 1 to 2 kg/m2 for BMI and 2 to 4 cm for WC. Conclusions. Our investigation indicates an association between material resources and body fatness in an East German adult population that depends on the sociodemographic context of the people. However, it does not suggest that income disparities are a major driver of body fat accumulation in this population. Differential selection of study participants, error in the measurement of long-term income, and possibly reverse causality may have affected our conclusions.

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Ten-year trends in DMF-S and DMF-T in a north-east German adult population

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103727 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103727

Author(s):

J. Schmoeckel ◽

J. Abdul Haq ◽

S. Samietz ◽

R.M. Santamaría ◽

M.S. Mourad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

North East ◽

East German ◽

German Adult

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Seroprevalence of Measles-, Mumps-, and Rubella-specific antibodies in the German adult population – cross-sectional analysis of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe ◽

10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 100128

Author(s):

Nicole Friedrich ◽

Christina Poethko-Müller ◽

Ronny Kuhnert ◽

Dorothea Matysiak-Klose ◽

Judith Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

German Health ◽

Health Interview ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

German Adult

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Screening Strategy of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10080572 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 572

Author(s):

Suguru Mizuno ◽

Yousuke Nakai ◽

Kazunaga Ishigaki ◽

Kei Saito ◽

Hiroki Oyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

New Onset

The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PCa) is increasing worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Screening for high risk populations is fundamental to overcome this intractable malignancy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classically known as a risk factor for PCa. Recently the reverse causality is in the spotlight, that is to say, DM is considered to be a manifestation of PCa. Numbers of epidemiological studies clarified that new-onset DM (≤2-year duration) was predominant in PCa patients and the relative risk for PCa inversely correlated with duration of DM. Among patients with new-onset DM, elder onset, weight loss, and rapid exacerbation of glycemic control were reported to be promising risk factors and signs, and the model was developed by combining these factors. Several pilot studies disclosed the possible utility of biomarkers to discriminate PCa-associated DM from type 2 DM. However, there is no reliable biomarkers to be used in the practice. We previously reported the application of a multivariate index for PCa based on the profile of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) among diabetic patients. We are further investigating on the PFAA profile of PCa-associated DM, and it can be useful for developing the novel biomarker in the near future.

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Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Spain: higher than previously reported in other countries?

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/kez668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 2556-2562 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Raúl Cortés Verdú ◽

José M Pego-Reigosa ◽

Daniel Seoane-Mato ◽

Mercedes Morcillo Valle ◽

Deseada Palma Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Adult Population ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

The United States ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Visit ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Prevalence of SLE varies among studies, being influenced by study design, geographical area and ethnicity. Data about the prevalence of SLE in Spain are scarce. In the EPISER2016 study, promoted by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, the prevalence estimate of SLE in the general adult population in Spain has been updated and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables has been explored. Methods Population-based multicentre cross-sectional study, with multistage stratified and cluster random sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to carry out a questionnaire for the screening of SLE. Investigating rheumatologists evaluated positive results (review of medical records and/or telephone interview, with medical visit if needed) to confirm the diagnosis. To calculate the prevalence and its 95% CI, the sample design was taken into account and weighing was calculated considering age, sex and geographic origin. Multivariate logistic regression models were defined to analyse which sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables included in the telephone questionnaire were associated with the presence of SLE. Results 4916 subjects aged 20 years or over were included. 16.52% (812/4916) had a positive screening result for SLE. 12 cases of SLE were detected. The estimated prevalence was 0.21% (95% CI: 0.11, 0.40). SLE was more prevalent in the rural municipalities, with an odds ratio (OR) = 4.041 (95% CI: 1.216, 13.424). Conclusion The estimated prevalence of SLE in Spain is higher than that described in most international epidemiological studies, but lower than that observed in ethnic minorities in the United States or the United Kingdom.

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Marijuana use among older adults in the U.S.A.: user characteristics, patterns of use, and implications for intervention

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610210002176 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 732-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Diana M. DiNitto ◽

Namkee G. Choi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Social Service ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Service Providers ◽

Adult Population ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Well Being ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Social Service Providers

ABSTRACTBackground: Epidemiological studies show that the number of older adults using marijuana is increasing. This study aimed to determine the correlates and patterns of marijuana use among older adults that might help health and social service providers better assist this group.Methods: Data are from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration in the U.S.A. The sample consisted of 5,325 adults aged 50 years and older.Results: Of the sample, 2.8% were past-year marijuana users. Of them, 23% had used marijuana on at least half the days of the year. Past-year users were more likely to be younger (50–64 years old), black, and not married, and they had significantly higher psychological distress scores, but they did not rate their health as poorer than others in the sample, nor did they attribute many problems, including psychological problems, as being related to their marijuana use. Nevertheless, past-year users present a high-risk profile because, in addition to frequent marijuana use, they also are more likely to smoke cigarettes, engage in binge drinking, and use other illicit drugs.Conclusions: Health and social service providers should be alert to the small number of routine marijuana users among the younger members of the older adult population, especially those suffering significant psychological distress, so that these individuals can be encouraged to utilize services that will help alleviate this distress and promote a healthier lifestyle and increase general well being.

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Association between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene and asthma-related traits in a German adult population

Allergy ◽

10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00988.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. Pattaro ◽

J. Heinrich ◽

M. Werner ◽

R. Marco ◽

M. Wjst

Keyword(s):

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Adult Population ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist ◽

German Adult

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Internal Migration in Spain: A Complementary Approach

Economies ◽

10.3390/economies8030059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Adolfo Maza

Keyword(s):

Internal Migration ◽

Adult Population ◽

Housing Prices ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Extended Model ◽

Young Population ◽

Climate Condition ◽

Long Distance ◽

Complementary Approach ◽

Working Age

This study examines the determinants of internal migration of working-age population among provinces in Spain in the aftermath of the economic crisis. It pays special attention to two features of migration that have not been sufficiently studied so far: (a) Distance, namely the differences between the determinants that are behind short-distance and long-distance movements; (b) Age, that is to say, whether young and adult migrants hold different motivations. To accomplish this aim, an extended model is used in which, apart from a variable capturing distance, both economic and non-economic (amenities) variables are included. Findings reveal that both economic factors (mainly unemployment and income) and amenities (measured by a climate condition variable) are more important for adult population and long-distance movements than for young population and movements between neighbouring provinces. Additional findings seem to convey the message that, as far as housing prices are concerned, they play a significant role when migration takes place between neighbouring provinces, but lose importance when all migrations are studied together. Moreover, the paper’s results do not cast, as expected, any doubt on the importance of distance regardless of the type of migration or age of the migrant.

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Patterns of multiple lifestyle risk factors and their link to mental health in the German adult population: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e022184 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Josefine Atzendorf ◽

Christian Apfelbacher ◽

Elena Gomes de Matos ◽

Ludwig Kraus ◽

Daniela Piontek

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Unhealthy Diet ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

German Adult

ObjectivesLifestyle risk factors, such as drinking or unhealthy diet, can expotentiate detrimental health effects. Therefore, it is important to investigate multiple lifestyle risk factors instead of single ones. The study aims at: (1) identifying patterns of lifestyle risk factors within the adult general population in Germany and (2) examining associations between the extracted patterns and external factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGeneral German adult population (aged 18–64 years).ParticipantsParticipants of the 2015 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (n=9204).Primary outcome measuresLifestyle risk factors (daily smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, weekly use of pharmaceuticals, as well as consumption of cannabis and other illicit drugs).ResultsA latent class analysis was applied to identify patterns of lifestyle risk factors, and a multinomial logistic regression was carried out to examine associations between the extracted classes and external factors. A total of four classes were extracted which can be described as healthy lifestyle (58.5%), drinking lifestyle (24.4%), smoking lifestyle (15.4%) and a cumulate risk factors lifestyle (1.7%). Individuals who were male, at younger age and single as well as individuals with various mental health problems were more likely to show multiple lifestyle risk factors.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals should be aware of correlations between different lifestyle risk factors as well as between lifestyle risk groups and mental health. Health promotion strategies should further focus especially on younger and single men.

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