scholarly journals Internal Migration in Spain: A Complementary Approach

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Adolfo Maza
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Working Age

This study examines the determinants of internal migration of working-age population among provinces in Spain in the aftermath of the economic crisis. It pays special attention to two features of migration that have not been sufficiently studied so far: (a) Distance, namely the differences between the determinants that are behind short-distance and long-distance movements; (b) Age, that is to say, whether young and adult migrants hold different motivations. To accomplish this aim, an extended model is used in which, apart from a variable capturing distance, both economic and non-economic (amenities) variables are included. Findings reveal that both economic factors (mainly unemployment and income) and amenities (measured by a climate condition variable) are more important for adult population and long-distance movements than for young population and movements between neighbouring provinces. Additional findings seem to convey the message that, as far as housing prices are concerned, they play a significant role when migration takes place between neighbouring provinces, but lose importance when all migrations are studied together. Moreover, the paper’s results do not cast, as expected, any doubt on the importance of distance regardless of the type of migration or age of the migrant.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Intake of Long-Distance Race Car Drivers—A Pilot Study

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Edem Appiah-Dwomoh ◽  
Anja Carlsohn ◽  
Frank Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Race Car ◽  
Race Car Drivers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Distance Race

Long-distance race car drivers are classified as athletes. The sport is physically and mentally demanding, requiring long hours of practice. Therefore, optimal dietary intake is essential for health and performance of the athlete. The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary intake and to compare the data with dietary recommendations for athletes and for the general adult population according to the German Nutrition Society (DGE). A 24-h dietary recall during a competition preparation phase was obtained from 16 male race car drivers (28.3 ± 6.1 years, body mass index (BMI) of 22.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2). The mean intake of energy, nutrients, water and alcohol was recorded. The mean energy, vitamin B2, vitamin E, folate, fiber, calcium, water and alcohol intake were 2124 ± 814 kcal/day, 1.3 ± 0.5 mg/day, 12.5 ± 9.5 mg/day, 231.0 ± 90.9 ug/day, 21.4 ± 9.4 g/day, 1104 ± 764 mg/day, 3309 ± 1522 mL/day and 0.8 ± 2.5 mL/day respectively. Our study indicated that many of the nutrients studied, including energy and carbohydrate, were below the recommended dietary intake for both athletes and the DGE.

scholarly journals Material Resources and Body Fatness in an East German Adult Population: Insights From the LIFE-adult-study 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Enzenbach ◽  
Bernd Kowall
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Adult Study ◽  
Working Age ◽  
East German ◽  
German Adult

Abstract Background. Obesity has been postulated to be a consequence of economic disadvantage. However, epidemiological studies failed to demonstrate a consistent link between income and body fatness. We examined income as a possible cause of obesity in an East German general population, focusing on appropriate representation of study variables, as well as on confounding and modification of the income-obesity association.Methods. We used data of 9,599 participants in the baseline examination of the LIFE-Adult-Study, conducted in the city of Leipzig from 2011 to 2014. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as obesity measures were based on standardised measurements, net equivalised income (NEI) on self-reports. We estimated adjusted means of BMI and WC within NEI categories representing the range from risk of poverty to affluence. We stratified the analyses by gender, age, and education. Results. A substantial part of the age-adjusted associations of income with obesity measures was attributable to other SES indicators. Adjusted for these variables, NEI was comparably associated with BMI and WC. Among women, BMI and WC decreased across NEI categories. The inverse associations tended to be stronger at non-working age (≥ 65 years) than at working age (< 65 years). Conversely, among working-age men, BMI and WC increased with increasing NEI. Among older men, risk of poverty was related to higher values of the obesity measures. The aforementioned associations were predominantly stronger in highly educated participants compared to those with medium/low education. The differences in mean BMI and WC between persons at risk of poverty and higher income groups were rather small, ranging from 1 to 2 kg/m2 for BMI and 2 to 4 cm for WC. Conclusions. Our investigation indicates an association between material resources and body fatness in an East German adult population that depends on the sociodemographic context of the people. However, it does not suggest that income disparities are a major driver of body fat accumulation in this population. Differential selection of study participants, error in the measurement of long-term income, and possibly reverse causality may have affected our conclusions.

FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS MANAGEMENT IN ADOLESCENCE - COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Cláudia Gomes Cano ◽  
Sandra Pires ◽  
Ana Catarina Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) are amongst the most frequent and severe psychiatric disorders in adolescence. These disorders can be considered an important public health issue, since they mostly affect a young population with potential significant functional impact at a young age and throughout adult life. Cognitive behavioral approach has demonstrated evidence as one of the empirically validated reference treatments for all FED. This article aims to perform a narrative review of the cognitive behavioral conceptualization and treatment approach of FED. Enhanced Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CCT-E) is the treatment of choice for adolescents with FED when Family Therapy is contraindicated, not accepted, or not effective. Furthermore, the importance of an early intervention is emphasized, since it has been demonstrated that CCT-E has more effective results and in a shorter period of time in adolescents compared with an adult population.

Sibling Caregivers of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Sociodemographic Characteristics and Material Hardship Prevalence

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan A. Sonik ◽  
Susan L. Parish ◽  
Eliana S. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Adult Siblings ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sibling Caregivers

Abstract In growing numbers, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are outliving their parents, or at least their parents' ability to care for them. Consequently, adult siblings without intellectual and developmental disabilities are increasingly taking on primary caregiving responsibilities. However, adult siblings have received little study generally, and sibling caregivers have received even less. We used nationally representative data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to describe the social characteristics and material hardship levels of sibling caregivers, in comparison to the general working age adult population. This study finds moderate material hardship to be pervasive among sibling caregivers, though extreme levels of hardship are possibly being abated somewhat through public benefit programs. Implications for greater service needs are discussed.

Inequalities in common mental disorders between advantaged and disadvantaged groups: an Oaxaca – Blinder decomposition analysis on socio-economic factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Yousef Veisani ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Fathola Mohamadian ◽  
Ali Delpisheh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the socio-economic factors of inequalities in common mental disorders (MDs) between advantaged and disadvantaged groups and also to determine the main contributors of inequality. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016–2017. The authors included 763 persons by stratified cluster sampling; clusters were cities, geographical area and households. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used to estimate of main inequalities determinant between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Findings Overall prevalence of MDs was 22.6 and 35.6% in the advantage and disadvantaged groups, respectively. The concentration index was −0.013 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): −0.022, −0.004]; therefore, MDs were more concentrated in the deprived group. The risk of MDs in deprived group and females was 81 and 60% higher than advantaged group (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.57) and males (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.24), respectively. Educational status [−0.06 (95% CI: −0.10, −0.01)] was the highest level of contribution in inequality in gaps between groups. Originality/value The socio-demographic inequality in MDs among adult population was more explained by lower educational level, married persons and unemployment variables.

Migration in West Africa: a savanna village prespective

Africa ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Good News ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Southern Ghana

AbstractLocal migration in response to population pressure is part of the history of northeast Ghana. First by physical coercion, then by economic coercion, colonialism drastically changed the pattern of migration to one of long-distance movement from north-east Ghana and the northern savannas in general to southern Ghana. Migration in turn affected social organisation, agriculture and population dynamics n i savanna communities. While colonial policy was not always consistent, one dominant and ultimately effective strategy seems evident: to break up locally self-sufficient economies and societies in order to stimulate the temporary migration of labour from largely subsistence agriculture to work in commercial agriculture, mining and public works in the south. These sectors were directly tied to the European economy for the benefit of Britain. Low wages and poor working conditions encouraged most migrants to return to their savanna villages when they were sick, injured or too old to work.When Ghana gained its political independence from Britain this new pattern of migration had become firmly established and was maintained by changes in the social, economic and transport systems. Data from Zorse and the Upper Region show that migration at any one time takes about 50 per cent of working-age males and 15 per cent of working-age females to southern Ghana for periods of a year or more. Significantly increased dependency ratios mean that as a result of this migration each four remaining working-age adults must support themselves plus four dependants, instead of supporting only three dependants, as would be the case without migration. Since remittances by Zorse migrants are equal to only a small fraction of the value of their lost productive labour, the net effect of migration on the food consumption level of those remaining in the village will be determined by the balance between the increased output required of each remaining working-age adult and the decreased yield required of the total area of arable land. While I do not have all the quantitative data needed to resolve this question, statements by Zorse residents, evidence of chronic undernutrition, a long-term decrease in land productivity due to erosion and lack of organic matter, and serious labour shortages during periods of critical farm activity, suggest that the net effect of migration on Zorse is negative. That is, neither labour productivity nor land productivity is likely to compensate for the higher dependency ratio.While it may be true that migrants vote with their feet, the choice of paths is often determined by forces in the larger system beyond their control. The good news is that indigenous agricultural and demographic knowledge and practices in Africa may provide the starting point for a sustainable future if the patterns established by colonialism and reinforced by ‘modern’ economic development can be changed.

scholarly journals A Spatially Extended Model for Residential Segregation

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Aguilera ◽  
Edgardo Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Dynamical Process ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
Segregation Phenomenon ◽  
Virtual City ◽  
The Cost

We analyze urban spatial segregation phenomenon in terms of the income distribution over a population, and an inflationary parameter weighting the evolution of housing prices. For this, we develop a discrete spatially extended model based on a multiagent approach. In our model, the mobility of socioeconomic agents is driven only by the housing prices. Agents exchange location in order to fit their status to the cost of their housing. On the other hand, the price of a particular house depends on the status of its tenant, and on the neighborhood mean lodging cost weighted by a control parameter. The agent's dynamics converges to a spatially organized configuration, whose regularity is measured by using an entropy-like indicator. This simple model provides a dynamical process organizing the virtual city, in a way that the population inequality and the inflationary parameter determine the degree of residential segregation in the final stage of the process, in agreement with the segregation-inequality thesis put forward by Douglas Massey.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LEVEL OF A MEDICAL INSTITUTION OF A FUNCTIONAL-ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF CONTROLLED PREVENTION OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
V.A. Gandzyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Medico Economic

Summary. The relevance of the work is due to the need to optimize preventive measures for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at the level of a medical institution in a pandemic. Purpose of the study. Scientific substantiation of the conceptual foundations for the development of a functional-organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases in the adult population at the level of a medical institution based on the determination of medico-economic factors of influence. Materials and methods. To determine the medical characteristics that affect the controllability of preventive measures, a sample of 376 patients over 18 years old was used. Methods used: statistical, systems approach and analysis, decision classification trees and conceptual modeling. Results. The conceptual approaches to the development of a functional and organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic diseases in the adult population at the level of a medical institution include the principles of controllability (controlled prevention), evidence-based prevention, an innovative design-process approach, vertical and horizontal integration, and the use of an information system. Among the main medical factors influencing the construction of the model is the frequency of the presence and combination of risk factors in patients, among economic factors - the cost of individual programs of primary prevention. Conclusions. The construction of a functional-organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic diseases at the level of a medical institution is ensured by the use of medico-economic and functional-organizational factors and a number of principles that provide a systematic approach to solving the problem.

scholarly journals Exploring Determinants Of U.S. Household Debt

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Turinetti ◽  
Hong Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Housing Prices ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Household Borrowing ◽  
The U.S

The fast growing household debt in the U.S. has become a concern to the general public and policy makers. This paper attempts to explore the factors influencing the U.S. household indebtedness using quarterly data over the period of 1980-2010 and controlling for the time series issues. The estimated results show that the unemployment rate, interest rate, disposable personal income per capita, share of retiring population, and educational attainment are negatively associated with the household debt, while housing prices, consumer confidence, and the share of working-age population are positively related to the household borrowing.

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