scholarly journals A novel finding related to bulla and bleb formation in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Iyoda ◽  
Yoko Azuma ◽  
Takashi Sakai ◽  
Satoshi Koezuka ◽  
Hajime Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Finding ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Bleb Formation ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common problem globally. Bullas and blebs have been implicated in this problem, but the etiology of their formation is unknown. We aim to show the relation between a novel clinical finding, the pulmonary delayed inflation (PDI) sign, and the etiology of bulla and bleb formation in young patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 111 patients with pneumothorax and a control group of 27 patients. We evaluated the relation between the PDI sign and other clinical factors. Results The PDI sign was observed in 78 patients. Of these, 75 exhibited the PDI sign in only the upper lobe. Regardless of smoking status, patients 34 years of age or younger had a significantly higher incidence of the PDI sign than, patients 55 years of age or older and control patients. The inflation time in patients 34 years of age or younger, regardless of smoking status, was significantly longer than in patients 55 years of age or older and patients in the control group. There was no significant association between inflation time and the presence of asthma. Conclusions The novel PDI sign is seen in patients 34 years of age or younger. Because this sign may indicate a peripheral bronchial abnormality and may be related to the formation of blebs and bullae in young patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, it is possible that it can be used to develop effective treatments for pneumothorax in young patients.

scholarly journals Thoracic periaortic adipose tissue is increased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-559
Author(s):  
Ömer Akyürek ◽  
Duran Efe ◽  
Zeynettin Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tsh Levels

ObjectiveTo evaluate thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT) volume in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in comparison with controls and in relation to cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsThe study population consisted of 28 newly diagnosed SH patients (mean (s.d.) age: 37.3 (±11.4) years, 85.7% were females) and 37 healthy volunteers (mean (s.d.) age: 35.3 (±10.7) years, 81.5% were females). Comparisons between patient and control groups used demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, and laboratory findings. All participants underwent thoracic radiographic assessment in the supine position, using an eight-slice multidetector computed tomography scanner and TAT volume was measured.ResultsThe TAT volume was determined to be 27.2 (±12.7) cm3 in the SH group and 16.3 (±8.1) cm3 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, TSH levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group (P<0.001). A significant correlation was also found between TSH levels and TAT volume (r=0.572; P<0.001). In SH patients, no significant difference was noted in TAT levels with respect to sex (P=0.383) or concomitant smoking status (P=0.426).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that SH patients have significantly higher TAT values than controls and that increased TAT levels correlate with increased TSH levels.

scholarly journals Is the recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax predictable?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Murat Saricam
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Chest Tubes ◽  
First Onset

Background: Recurrence of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (PSP) constitutes a serious challenge for both physicians and patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 115 patients who had chest tubes at their first onset of PSP. Considering the development of recurrence, two groups were composed and comparatively examined in terms of age, body mass index, smoking status, side and size of initial pneumothorax, presence of bulla and duration of chest tube drainage at the first episode.Results: Among 115 patients with PSP, 24 cases developed recurrence. Male gender was prominently relevant to develop recurrent PSP (p=0.034) whereas remaining inspected parameters revealed no significant relationship with a relapse. Interval between first onset and recurrence of PSP was calculated as 9.2 months. Interestingly, most of the patients developed recurrence in low-temperature months.Conclusions: Recurrence of PSP is substantially unpredictable. Therefore, close follow-up of cases in the following year of their first episode and also informing the patients about probability of a relapse and measures to consider under this circumstance is of great importance.

scholarly journals Is bone health of young atopic dermatitis patients a significant healthcare problem?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoung Kim ◽  
Jimi Choi ◽  
Moon Kyun Cho ◽  
Nam Hoon Kim ◽  
Sin Gon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) incidence has increased over the past decades, especially among young adults. However, their bone health has not been clearly elucidated with discordant results. Objective We aimed to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) measured by double energy X-ray absorptiometry and Z-score at the lumbar spine, femur neck, and total femur to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis in men aged <50 years and premenopausal women with AD.Methods The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2009 data were used in this case-control cohort study. We included young AD patients (aged 19≤ and <50 years) diagnosed by a doctor and compared these patients with 1:5 propensity score weighting controls by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D level, and alcohol/smoking status. Results We analyzed 311 (weighted n=817,014) AD patients and 1,555 (weighted n=4,155,855) controls. BMD at the lumbar spine was significantly lower in the male AD group than in the male control group (mean ± SE, 0.989 ± 0.002 vs. 0.954 ± 0.016, P = 0.03) while BMDs at the femur neck and total femur were comparable. For women, BMDs at the three sites were not significantly different between the AD and control groups. Low bone mass (defined by a Z-score of ≤2.0) was not significantly different between the AD and control groups in both sexes. Conclusions Bone health, especially BMD and Z-score, in young AD patients were comparable with those without AD. AD was not a risk factor for low BMD.

scholarly journals Clinical Features of First-episode Psychoses During the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.17816/cp85 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Zyablov ◽  
Mikhail A. Gusev ◽  
Vasilyi S. Chizhikov
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Control

INTRODUCTION: The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has become one of the most significant global social shocks in the past decade. It influenced the lifestyle of many people, including those with mental disorders. AIM: To compare the psychopathological structure of psychotic states in young patients (up to 40 years old) with first-episode psychosis before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The research was conducted at the First psychotic episode clinic of the Mental-health clinic No. 1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev, Moscow, Russia. In total, 66 patients were enrolled, who met the inclusion criteria: first-in-life admission to a mental healthcare unit that occurred during the spring of 2019 (control group) or spring 2020 (experimental group), diagnosis on admission that belonged to the group Acute and transient psychotic disorders (F23.XX) of ICD-10. Patients with a disability or concurrent somatic or neurologic conditions were excluded from the study. Assessment of clinical and psychopathological characteristics with the allocation of the leading syndrome within the psychotic state, psychometric assessment according to the PANSS scale was carried out, the above indicators were compared between the experimental and control group. RESULTS: We observed statistically insignificant increase in the rates of affective and catatonic subtypes of psychoses, a decrease in the rate of the delusional subtype of paranoid syndrome. PANSS scores differed significantly for different clinical subtypes of psychoses, although the differences between the experimental and control groups showed no statistical significance. Additionally, in spring 2020, a considerable decrease in the total number of hospitalizations was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the clinical and psychopathological structure of psychotic states revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic were statistically insignificant. Additional results of the study may indicate a decrease in the availability of mental healthcare for patients with psychoses, which requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Novel mGluR4 agonist Rapitalam ameliorates motor dysfunction in mice with tau-associated neurodegeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Tau Protein ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Selective Agonist ◽  
Grip Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Sham

Introduction: Tau protein is classically involved in the pathogenesis of a neurodegenerative processes, such as Parkinson’s disease. This study was aimed at testing the novel mGluR4 selective agonist using it in transgenic mice with tau-associated neurodegeneration. Materials and methods: Mice with Human P301S Tau hyperexpression were divided into 3 groups: Rapitalam 6 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg by gavage 3 times a week; and Control (Sham). The motor functions of animals were evaluated at 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, and 20th weeks of life using the grip-test, rotarod and hanging wire test. In addition, the time of symptoms onset and death was recorded. Research results: The use of Rapitalam at a dose of 6 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg significantly restored the holding impulse on a hanging wire, increasing it from 5.06±1.25 kg×sec to 6.42±0.97 kg×sec and 8.84±1.17 kg×sec, respectively. A similar trend was observed in the grip test: Rapitalam recovered grip strength from 28.43±5.04 N in the control group to 44.27±5.54 N (6 mg/kg) and 59.53±7.95 (20 mg/kg). Finally, the two-month use of Rapitalam neither delayed the manifestation of symptoms, nor increased the survival of mice. Discussion: The cause of the loss of nerve cells in the mouse-tau line is autophagy. Apparently, Rapitalam is not able to simulate this process by reducing excitotoxicity, but against the background of the neurodegenerative process, it increases the activity of the nerve cells. Conclusion: Rapitalam improves motor dysfunction in mice with tauopathy, with no effect on the survival of animals.

Risk of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax According to Chest Configuration

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (07) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Lee ◽  
Young Do ◽  
Hee Park ◽  
Junu Kim ◽  
Jin Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Haller Index ◽  
Male Patients

Background We compared the chest configurations of patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and age-sex-matched controls to determine the presence of chest wall deformities in patients with PSP. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 166 male patients with PSP (age, 18–19 years) and 85 age-sex-matched controls without PSP, who simultaneously underwent chest computed tomography (CT) and radiography at one of two institutes. After correcting for height, the following thoracic parameters were comparatively evaluated between the two groups: maximal internal transverse (T) and anteroposterior (W) diameters of the chest, maximal internal lung height (H), Haller index (T/W), and T/Height, T/H, W/Height, W/H, and H/Height ratios. Results Patients were taller than the control subjects (176.5 cm ± 5.9 cm versus 174.4 cm ± 5.6 cm; p = 0.007). After controlling for height, the patient group exhibited lower T and W and greater H and Haller index values than the control group (T: 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.8–25.2 cm versus 25.9–26.5; W: 95% CI, 8.9–9.2 cm versus 10.1–10.6 cm; H: 95% CI, 25.2–25.9 cm versus 23.4–24.4 cm; and Haller index, 95% CI, 2.7–2.9 versus 2.4–2.6; all, p < 0.001). The patient group also exhibited lower T/Height, T/H, W/Height, and W/H ratios and greater H/Height ratio than the control group. Conclusions Patients with PSP have an anteroposteriorly flatter, laterally narrower, and craniocaudally taller thorax than subjects without PSP, suggesting that chest configuration is associated with the development of pneumothorax.

scholarly journals The role of telomerase in the etiology of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akif Tezcan ◽  
İbrahim Ethem Özsoy ◽  
Fatih Gürler ◽  
Çiğdem Karakükçü
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Thoracic Computed Tomography ◽  
The Mean

Background: This study aims to investigate the role of telomerase activity in the risk of primary spontaneous pneumothorax, which is most frequently encountered in the practice of thoracic surgery. Methods: A total of 61 patients (56 males, 5 females; median age: 29.4 years; range, 17 to 43 years) who underwent treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (10 males, 9 females; median age: 29.1 years; range, 23 to 43 years) were included in this prospective study between January 2018 - August 2018. Telomerase activity was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between telomerase activity and clinical and demographic parameters was examined. Results: The mean serum telomerase level was 3.4±0.6 ng/mL in the primary spontaneous pneumothorax group and 1.9±0.5 ng/mL in the control group, indicating significantly higher levels in the patient group (p<0.001). There was no significant association between the telomerase levels and presence of blebs and/or bullae on thoracic computed tomography, extent of pneumothorax, laterality (right, left, or bilateral), and pack years of cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Telomerase levels of patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax are significantly higher than healthy individuals. Future genetic studies may ultimately clarify a potential relationship between primary spontaneous pneumothorax and short telomere syndrome.

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