scholarly journals CT-based and morphological comparison of glenoid inclination and version angles and mineralisation distribution in human body donors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Serrano ◽  
Marc Kissling ◽  
Hannah Krafft ◽  
Karl Link ◽  
Oliver Ullrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Male Body ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract Background For optimal prosthetic anchoring in omarthritis surgery, a differentiated knowledge on the mineralisation distribution of the glenoid is important. However, database on the mineralisation of diseased joints and potential relations with glenoid angles is limited. Methods Shoulder specimens from ten female and nine male body donors with an average age of 81.5 years were investigated. Using 3D-CT-multiplanar reconstruction, glenoid inclination and retroversion angles were measured, and osteoarthritis signs graded. Computed Tomography-Osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) is an established method to determine the subchondral bone plate mineralisation, which has been demonstrated to serve as marker for the long-term loading history of joints. Based on mineralisation distribution mappings of healthy shoulder specimens, physiological and different CT-OAM patterns were compared with glenoid angles. Results Osteoarthritis grades were 0-I in 52.6% of the 3D-CT-scans, grades II-III in 34.3%, and grade IV in 13.2%, with in females twice as frequently (45%) higher grades (III, IV) than in males (22%, III). The average inclination angle was 8.4°. In glenoids with inclination ≤10°, mineralisation was predominantly centrally distributed and tended to shift more cranially when the inclination raised to > 10°. The average retroversion angle was − 5.2°. A dorsally enhanced mineralisation distribution was found in glenoids with versions from − 15.9° to + 1.7°. A predominantly centrally distributed mineralisation was accompanied by a narrower range of retroversion angles between − 10° to − 0.4°. Conclusions This study is one of the first to combine CT-based analyses of glenoid angles and mineralisation distribution in an elderly population. The data set is limited to 19 individuals, however, indicates that superior inclination between 0° and 10°-15°, and dorsal version ranging between − 9° to − 3° may be predominantly associated with anterior and central mineralisation patterns previously classified as physiological for the shoulder joint. The current basic research findings may serve as basic data set for future studies addressing the glenoid geometry for treatment planning in omarthritis.

scholarly journals Combining Multiple Organizational-level Databases: An Empirical Evaluation of Different Matching Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098618
Author(s):  
Tim de Leeuw ◽  
Steffen Keijl
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Insight Into

Although multiple organizational-level databases are frequently combined into one data set, there is no overview of the matching methods (MMs) that are utilized because the vast majority of studies does not report how this was done. Furthermore, it is unclear what the differences are between the utilized methods, and it is unclear whether research findings might be influenced by the utilized method. This article describes four commonly used methods for matching databases and potential issues. An empirical comparison of those methods used to combine regularly used organizational-level databases reveals large differences in the number of observations obtained. Furthermore, empirical analyses of these different methods reveal that several of them produce both systematic and random errors. These errors can result in erroneous estimations of regression coefficients in terms of direction and/or size as well as an issue where truly significant relationships might be found to be insignificant. This shows that research findings can be influenced by the MM used, which would argue in favor of the establishment of a preferred method as well as more transparency on the utilized method in future studies. This article provides insight into the matching process and methods, suggests a preferred method, and should aid researchers, reviewers, and editors with both combining multiple databases and describing and assessing them.

Complexity analysis in the sport of boxing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G Tennant ◽  
Nasir Ahmad ◽  
Sybil Derrible
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Career Trajectory ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract A general model of the complexity of the sport of boxing has yet to be produced exploring the match play that goes on between combatants. The sport has a long history that dates back to the eighth century before common era (BCE) to the time of ancient Greece. Also known as the ‘sweet science’, most research work has legitimately focused on the combat sport’s long-term health affects concerning brain trauma. This present study seeks to explore the complexity of the sport by utilizing a data set of welterweights (63.5–67 kg). This data set was used to build a contact network with the boxers as nodes and the actual fights as the links. Additionally a PageRank algorithm was used to rank the boxers from the contact network. Devon Alexander was calculated as the top welterweight from data set. This was compared with the rankings of the sport’s notoriously corrupt sanctioning bodies, journalistic rankings, and a more standard non-network based ranking system. The network visualization displayed features typical of many others seen in the literature. A closer look was taken on several of the boxers by the visualization technique known as the rank clock. This allowed for the boxer’s rank history to be tracked and allowed for insight on their career trajectory. Timothy Bradley and Vyacheslav Senchenko had rank clocks that displayed them to be the most consistent boxers in the 2004–2014 decade. These research findings supply further confirmation of value of the network based approach in athletic match play.

scholarly journals Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Mlost ◽  
Marta Bryk ◽  
Katarzyna Starowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cannabis has a long history of medical use. Although there are many cannabinoids present in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two components found in the highest concentrations. CBD itself does not produce typical behavioral cannabimimetic effects and was thought not to be responsible for psychotropic effects of cannabis. Numerous anecdotal findings testify to the therapeutic effects of CBD, which in some cases were further supported by research findings. However, data regarding CBD’s mechanism of action and therapeutic potential are abundant and omnifarious. Therefore, we review the basic research regarding molecular mechanism of CBD’s action with particular focus on its analgesic potential. Moreover, this article describes the detailed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in various models, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, osteoarthritis and others. The dose and route of the administration-dependent effect of CBD, on the reduction in pain, hyperalgesia or allodynia, as well as the production of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, were described depending on the disease model. The clinical applications of CBD-containing drugs are also mentioned. The data presented herein unravel what is known about CBD’s pharmacodynamics and analgesic effects to provide the reader with current state-of-art knowledge regarding CBD’s action and future perspectives for research.

scholarly journals Melanosis coli: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop K V
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Herbal Medication ◽  
Laxative Use ◽  
Melanosis Coli ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Melanosis coli is a benign condition characterized by deposition of lipofuscin in colonic mucosa due to long-term laxative use. Case presentation Here I am reporting a case of an 85-year-old man who presented with constipation, with a history of long-term herbal medication intake as laxatives, and upon evaluation, he was found to have melanosis coli. Conclusion Melanosis coli is a common adverse effect of chronic laxative use which is more common in elderly population with constipation.

scholarly journals The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: A long-term database for climate studies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Davis ◽  
Karen H. Rosenlof ◽  
Birgit Hassler ◽  
Dale F. Hurst ◽  
William G. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Reference Satellite ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Climate Studies ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980’s. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a “reference” satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous and accurate. This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product, and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal time scales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are publicly available at https://data.noaa.gov/dataset/stratospheric-water-and-ozone-satellite-homogenized-swoosh-data-set.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 on development and progression of endocrinopathies in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
M. A. Lazareva ◽  
G. P. Evseeva ◽  
S. V. Suprun ◽  
E. V. Rakitskaya ◽  
O. A. Lebed’ko
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Introduction. An outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) declared an emergency of international public health importance. More information is now available on how COVID-19 affects people, including children and adolescents. SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus, and so far, there is insufficient data on what endocrinopathies it can cause in children, and how it affects patients with a history of endocrine pathology. Aim. Review containing data from foreign studies on the effects of coronavirus infection on the development and progression of child and adolescent endocrinopathies. Materials and methods. An analysis of publications containing data from studies of COVID-19 cases in children was carried out. Results. Currently, foreign studies indicate the provoking effect of COVID-19 on the development and progression of endocrinopathies in children and adolescents. Conclusion. Future studies should include a comprehensive assessment of the endocrine system during the acute phase and recovery phase after undergoing COVID-19, as there is no long-term follow-up until the significant impact of this virus on the development of endocrinopathies in children can be ruled out. 

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Sue Miller
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Latin Music

In this final chapter research findings are summarized, defining a variety of distinctive New York performance aesthetics and sounds that go beyond the usual description of New York-based Latin music as being simply loud, gritty, and aggressive. Conclusions are drawn here which have implications for future studies on the history of clave-based Latin dance music, performance aesthetics, and improvisational creativity.

Outcome of the depressed elderly living in the community in Liverpool: a 5-year follow-up

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. M. COPELAND ◽  
M. E. DEWEY ◽  
D. LOWE ◽  
I. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
History Of ◽  
Elderly Living ◽  
Selection Of

Background. Comparatively little is known about the long-term natural history of depressive disorders in the elderly living in the community. This is a follow-up of a subsample of the Continuing Health in the Community study random sample of the elderly population living in Liverpool.Methods. The investigators followed up 120 cases of depression identified by a semi-structured interview schedule (GMS) for a period of 5 years. A similar number of other subjects defined as subcases of depression, other cases of mental illness and a random selection of non-cases were also included.Results. The 5-year outcome for the cases of depression was worse than the outcome of the non-cases (relative mortality risk of 2·1, 95% confidence interval 1·1 to 3·9). Thirty-four per cent of the cases of depression died and 28% had dropped out during the follow-up. Of the 46 cases of depression who had a complete follow-up, 22% recovered from their symptoms, 30% were found to be AGECAT cases at one of the three follow-up waves, 24% were AGECAT cases at two of the three follow-up waves and the remaining 24% were AGECAT cases at each follow-up wave. Fifteen per cent of the surviving cases of depression were organic cases at the follow-up. Their anxiety co-morbid state and depression score were identified as predictors of poor outcome.Conclusion. The findings of this study indicate that depressive disorders (most of which were untreated) found in the elderly community have a poor prognosis.

A life-time of inequality: a structural analysis of housing careers and issues facing older private tenants

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
MISA IZUHARA ◽  
FRANCES HEYWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Legal Remedies ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Rented Sector

While the majority of households in England have become homeowners at the turn of the 21st century, some older people still struggle on low incomes in the less privileged sector of private renting. This article first explores the intertwining of the history of housing policy and provision with the lifecourse histories of individuals, seeking to describe the reasons why some older people are in the private rented sector. It then presents research findings that revealed how some older private tenants experienced different types and degrees of harassment and abuse by their landlords, from verbal and financial abuse to disrepair of property and illegal evictions. Both strands are brought together in looking beyond individual responsibility or culpability to the structural and lifecourse causes of the problems. People's housing choices and destinations are often shaped by a combination of their lifecourse circumstances and external (both economic and institutional) barriers. Where abuse is concerned, a two-tier tenancy system has made ‘regulated tenants’ vulnerable to their landlords; the legal remedies are endemically inappropriate; the housing benefit system is a major source of tension between landlords and tenants; and the modernised private rented sector has allowed no place for those who want secure long-term homes. In summary, this article examines how the law, housing policy and the housing market combine to produce particular problems for older private tenants.

Mapping Political (In)Tolerance in the Pakhtun Youth of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Syed Rashid Ali ◽  
Nizar Ahmad ◽  
Paghunda Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings

Political tolerance is deemed crucial for political progress as well as the maturity of any society. The present study, therefore, focuses on mapping the political tolerance in the Pakhtun society of Pakistan. In addition to presenting the political history of the Pakhtuns in brief, this article also attempts to locate the foundations of (political) tolerance in Islam (the religion followed by Pakhtuns in Pakistan); by delving into the Holy Book (i.e., Quran) and the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The research was conducted employing a quantitative approach to identify the factors that significantly contribute to the levels of political tolerance in the society under study. The research tool developed by Sullivan, Piereson, and Marcus (1979) — after appropriate modifications considering the contextual dynamics — was used for collecting data from 400 young residents of the district Kohat in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The respondents varied with respect to gender, area of residence, acquisition of formal or religious education, party affiliation, and political process participation. This research lays out different aspects pertaining to the respondents‘ depicted tolerant, neutral, or intolerant attitudes. Based on the research findings, all variables — except gender — have played a significant role in impacting the level of tolerance in the Pakhtun youth. However, this research has its limitations which may be catered to in future studies.

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