scholarly journals Three-dimensional morphometric differences of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in osteoarthritic and normal knees

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-hui Dong ◽  
Xiang-hui Huang ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Yan-Hai Chang ◽  
Ming Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Posterior Condylar ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Background There is a paucity of data concerning the morphological differences of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in osteoarthritic (OA) and normal knees. The objective of this study was to determine whether morphometric differences in the surfaces of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias exist between OA and normal knees in a Chinese population. Methods Ninety-four OA knees and ninety-five normal knees were evaluated in Chinese individuals. Computed tomography was used to measure the femoral mediolateral (fML), medial anteroposterior (fMAP), lateral anteroposterior (fLAP), medial condylar width (fMCW), lateral condylar width (fLCW), medial posterior condylar curvature radii (fMCR), lateral posterior condyle curvature radii (fLCR), fML/fMAP aspect ratio, tibial mediolateral (tML), middle anteroposterior (tAP), medial anteroposterior (tMAP), and lateral anteroposterior (tLAP) tML/tMAP aspect ratio to determine the morphologic differences between OA and normal knees. Results The average fMCW and tMAP dimensions of OA knees were larger than those of normal knees in both male and female (p <0.05). The fMAP/fML aspect ratio and tMAP/tML aspect ratio were also significantly different in both sexs (p <0.05). OA knees have an oval-shaped distal femur with a wider ML length and more spherical-shaped proximal tibiae with relatively narrow ML dimensions. Conclusions The study revealed the morphological differences in fMCW, tMAP, fMAP/fML and tMAP/tML between OA and normal knees in both males and females. These findings may provide guidelines that can be used to design better knee implants that are more size-matched for OA knees.

scholarly journals Three Dimensional Morphometric Differences of Resected Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia in Osteoarthritis and Normal Knees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-hui Dong ◽  
Xiang-hui Huang ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Yan-hai Chang ◽  
Ming Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Background: There is a paucity of data concerning the morphological differences of resected distal femur and proximal tibias in osteoarthritis (OA) and normal knees. The objective of this study was to determine if morphometric differences exist in resected distal femur and proximal tibia surface between OA and normal knees in Chinese population. Methods: Ninety-eight OA knee and ninety-six normal ones, taken from Chinese population, were measured by computed tomography for femoral mediolateral (fML), medial anteroposterior (fMAP), lateral anteroposterior (fLAP), medial condylar width (fMCW), lateral condylar width (fLCW) and tibial mediolateral (tML), middle anteroposterior (tAP), medial anteroposterior (tMAP), lateral anteroposterior (tLAP) dimensions to determine the morphologic differences between OA and normal knees. Results: The average tMAP and fMCW dimensions were 50.2 ± 3.3 mm, 28.7±2.3 mm for OA, and 48.8 ± 3.8 mm, 27.1±2.2 mm for normal knees, respectively. There were significant differences between OA and normal knees with regard to tMAP and fMCW dimensions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study revealed the morphological differences of tMAP and fMCW between the OA and normal groups, which may provide guidelines for designing better knee implants that are more size-matching for OA knees.

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction of Thai Distal Femur

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Chotchuang Phombut ◽  
Supakit Rooppakhun ◽  
Bura Sindhupakorn
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
T Test ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Posterior Condyle

This study evaluates the distal femur morphology of the Thai population using a three-dimensional (3D) measurement method, measuring the distance between the triangular point of the femoral 3D model. The 3D model of 360 Thai femoral obtained from 180 volunteers (90 males, 90 females; range 20–50 years, average 32.8 years) was created using reverse engineering techniques from computed tomography imaging data. Using the 3D identified landmark method, the morphometric parameters evaluated included transepicondylar axis length (TEA), mediolateral length (ML), anteroposterior width (AP), medial anteroposterior width (MAP), lateral anteroposterior width (LAP), medial condyle width (MCW), lateral condyle width (LCW), intercondylar notch width (WIN), intercondylar notch depth (DIN), medial posterior condyle height (MPC), lateral posterior condyle height (LPC), femoral aspect ratio (ML/AP), lateral femoral aspect ratio (ML/LAP), and medial femoral aspect ratio (ML/MAP). The measured data were summarized for the analysis of an average value and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, unequal variances t-test, and linear regression. A p-value less than 0.05 (<0.05) was regarded as statistically significant and indicates strong evidence of the hypothesis. Additionally, the K-means clustering analysis of Thai distal femoral to the optimum size of the prosthesis with the correlation between ML length and AP width was performed. The results found that the morphometric parameters of the Thai male distal femur were significantly different and higher than those of Thai females, except for the ratio of ML/AP and ML/MAP. Comparatively, there was a significant difference between the specific size of Thai distal femur and that of the Korean population, which was also smaller than that for Caucasians. In addition, there was a mismatch between the distal femoral component sizing of knee prosthesis and what is available and commonly used in Thailand. At least six sizes of ML and/or AP should be recommended for the reasonable design of distal femoral prosthesis for covering the anatomy of Thais. These data are useful for predicting the morphometric parameters in forensic anthropology and provide basic data for the design of knee prostheses suitable for the Thai population.

scholarly journals Evidence for dysanapsis using computed tomographic imaging of the airways in older ex-smokers

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1622-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. William Sheel ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette ◽  
Ren Yuan ◽  
Lukas Holy ◽  
John R. Mayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Airway Tree ◽  
Conducting Airways ◽  
The Relationship

We sought to determine the relationship between lung size and airway size in men and women of varying stature. We also asked if men and women matched for lung size would still have differences in airway size and if so where along the pulmonary airway tree would these differences exist. We used computed tomography to measure airway luminal areas of the large and central airways. We determined airway luminal areas in men ( n = 25) and women ( n = 25) who were matched for age, body mass index, smoking history, and pulmonary function and in a separate set of men ( n = 10) and women ( n = 11) who were matched for lung size. Men had greater values for the larger airways and many of the central airways. When male and female subjects were pooled there were significant associations between lung size and airway size. Within the male and female groups the magnitudes of these associations were decreased or nonsignificant. In males and females matched for lung size women had significantly smaller airway luminal areas. The larger conducting airways in females are significantly smaller than those of males even after controlling for lung size.

A three-dimensional study of the atlantodental interval in a normal Chinese population using reformatted computed tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchun Chen ◽  
Zerui Zhuang ◽  
Weili Qi ◽  
Haiying Yang ◽  
Zhenping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atlantodental Interval

TROCHLEAR GROOVE ALIGNMENT MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR SURGICAL APPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 1540033 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. CHO ◽  
J. H. MÜLLER ◽  
P. J. ERASMUS
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty ◽  
Posterior Condylar ◽  
Anatomical Axis ◽  
Selection Of

In patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA), rotational alignment is paramount for optimal patellofemoral function. Surgeons require a simple and effective measurement reference, through which the intact trochlear groove orientation can be quantified, to ensure good PFA alignment. We measured axial and coronal trochlear groove alignment in three-dimensional (3D) segmented computed tomography (CT) femurs relative to different references: The posterior condylar plane; the distal condylar plane, and the anatomical axis. The trochlear inclination angle (TIA) shows a better linear correlation with the axial groove angle when measured from the line perpendicular to the axial groove line as opposed to measurement from the posterior condylar plane. Similarly, a better linear correlation was achieved between the anatomical and the mechanical angles when measured from the coronal groove line as opposed to a line perpendicular to the distal condylar plane. Since axial and coronal groove alignment is quantifiable with respect to anatomical landmarks preoperatively, it may allow using the groove lines as a guideline for selection of the most appropriate patellofemoral prosthesis design. This may lead to the application of a PFA that better fits the patients' trochlear anatomy.

scholarly journals Morphological Measurement of the Femoral Anterior Bow in Chinese Population Based on Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Aobo Zhang ◽  
Rui Cai ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medullary Cavity ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Dimensional Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional Measurement ◽  
Measurement Approach

Purpose. The femoral anterior bow is an important factor in matching a femoral implant to a femur. However, its morphology in the Chinese population has rarely been reported. In this study, a three-dimensional measurement approach was adopted to provide accurate data. The aim was to supply a reference for designing a long-stemmed femoral prosthesis that is more suitable for Chinese people. Methods. Computed tomography data were collected from both lower limbs of 96 normal volunteers and reconstructed into a three-dimensional model using Mimics software. The parameters of the femoral anterior bow were measured using medical image analysis software. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent-samples and paired-samples t -tests with SPSS software. Results. All the indexes showed significant sexual difference ( P < 0.05 ). The minimum cross-sectional area of the femoral medullary cavity was larger in men ( 10.77 ± 1.53  mm) than in women ( 9.79 ± 1.27  mm). The distance from the position of the maximum curvature to the lower edge of the lesser trochanter was also larger in men ( 60.93 ± 5.81  mm) than in women ( 56.31 ± 2.80  mm). However, the curvature of the femoral medullary cavity centerline was larger in women ( 883.57 ± 249.74  mm) than in men ( 958.79 ± 266.61  mm). The femoral anterior bow morphological indexes of Chinese subjects were different from the published data for other populations. There were no significant differences between left and right femoral anterior bows in either sex ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. The three-dimensional measurement approach adopted in this study is more convenient and accurate than previous conventional methods, with high repeatability. The morphological indexes of the femoral anterior bow in this research suggest that population characteristics should be taken into account. This study will provide references for the design of long-stemmed femoral prostheses in the Chinese population.

scholarly journals How to choose infra-acetabular screw? Option of All-In or In-Out-in Screw Based on Computed Tomography Measurement of Infra-Acetabular Corridor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanyi Lu ◽  
Runtao Zhou ◽  
Shichang Gao ◽  
Anlin Liang ◽  
Mingming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ischial Tuberosity ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Screw Group

Abstract Background: The infra-acetabular corridor is quite narrow, which makes a challenge for the orthopedists to insert the screw. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the infra-acetabular corridor diameter (IACD) and the minimum thickness of medial acetabular wall(MTMAW), and to clarify the way of screw placement. Methods: The Computed tomography (CT) data of 100 normal adult pelvises (50 males and 50 females respectively) were collected and pelvis three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction was performed by using Mimics software and the 3D model was imported into Geomagic Studio software. The perspective of acetabulum was carried out orienting from iliopubic eminence to ischial tuberosity and the IACD was measured by placing virtual screws which was vertical to the corridor transverse section of "teardrop". The relationship between IACD and MTMAW was analyzed. When IACD was ≥ 5 mm, 3.5mm all-in screws were placed. When IACD was < 5 mm, 3.5mm in-out-in screws were placed. Results: The IACD of males and females were (6.15 ± 1.24) mm and (5.42 ± 1.01) mm and the MTMAW in males and females were (4.40 ± 1.23) mm and (3.60 ± 0.81)mm respectively. The IACD and MTMAW in males were significantly wider than those of females (P < 0.05), and IACD was positively correlated with MTMAW (r = 0.859), the regression equation was IACD = 2.111 + 0.917 MTMAW. In the all-in screw group, 38 cases (76%) were males and 33 cases (66%) were females respectively. The entry point was located at posteromedial of the apex of iliopubic eminence, and the posterior distance and medial distance were (8.03±2.01)mm and (8.49±2.68)mm respectively in males. As for females, those were (8.68±2.35)mm and (8.87±2.79)mm respectively. In the in-out-in screw group, 12 cases (24%) were males and 17 cases (34%) were females, respectively. The posterior distance and medial distance between the entry point and the apex of iliopubic eminence were (10.49±2.58)mm and (6.17±1.84)mm respectively in males. As for females, those were (10.10±2.63)mm and (6.63±1.49)mm respectively. The angle between the infra-acetabular screw and the sagittal plane was medial inclination (0.42 ± 6.49) °in males, lateral inclination (8.09 ± 6.33) °in females, and the angle between the infra-acetabular screw and the coronal plane was posterior inclination (54.06 ± 7.37) °. Conclusions: The placement mode of the infra-acetabular screw(IAS) can be determined preoperatively by measuring the MTMAW in the CT axial layers. Compared with all-in screw, the in-out-in screw entry point was around 2mm outwards and backwards, and closer to true pelvic rim.

scholarly journals Facial Flatness Indices: A Comparison of Two Methods of Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Chimène Chalala ◽  
Maria Saadeh ◽  
Fouad Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Trigonometric Formula

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare facial flatness indices calculated from the trigonometric formula as opposed to those generated from the direct measurements on three-dimensional radiographs. Material and Methods: A total of 322 cone-beam computed tomography radiographs were digitized and three facial indices (frontal, simotic, and zygomaxillary) were assessed in two different methods and compared between different groups. Results: There was a discrepancy between facial flatness indices generated from the two different approaches. The highest difference was seen in the findings of the simotic index and the lowest for the zygomaxillary index. No statistically significant difference was displayed in the three formula-generated flatness indices between males and females and between growing and non-growing subjects (P > 0.05). The zygomaxillary index was the only measurement revealing no statistically significant difference in Class III sagittal malocclusions (t = −0.5 P = 0.621). The orthodontic application would yield to the same interpretations for both ways of indices calculation. Conclusion: The validity of the trigonometric formula used to appraise facial flatness indices might be questionable. The zygomaxillary index could be more clinically considered compared to the frontal and simotic indices.

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