Crop diversity loss as primary cause of grey partridge and common pheasant decline in Lower Saxony, Germany

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and means of identification of helminths in native partridges (65) and introduced pheasants (32) in Poland and to determine the level of intestinal infection of these birds by helminths using parasitological and ecological indices. The birds were acquired during the hunting season in the years 2015–2017. Nematodes, Capillaria phasianina, cestodes, Railietina friedbergeri, and one trematode, Brachylaima sp. were recorded for the first time in partridges in Poland. Our findings indicate that parasites are more prevalent in pheasants (prevalence 70.4%) than in partridges (prevalence 50.0%). The component community and infracommunity of parasites of partridges are more diverse (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.63 and mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.10 ± 0.17) and less dominated by a single parasite species (Capillaria sp., Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.53) than the pheasant parasite community (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.07, mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.005 ± 0.02, dominant species Heterakis gallinarum, Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.96). There were statistically significant differences between partridges and pheasants in the Brillouin diversity index and in the prevalence of Heterakis gallinarum (55.6% in pheasants vs. 19.0 in partridges). There were significant differences between wild and farmed partridges in the prevalence of infection by Capillaria sp. (4.3% vs. 37.5%) and H. gallinarum (39.1 vs. 6.2%). In conclusion, the pheasant was shown to be a reservoir, carrier, and shedder of nematodes, which may increase the risk of infection in partridges.

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Amino Acid Levels in Muscle Tissue of Six Wild Feathered Species

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201664051661 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1661-1666

Author(s):

Eva Straková ◽

Pavel Suchý ◽

Ivan Herzig ◽

Petr Marada ◽

František Vitula

Keyword(s):

Japanese Quail ◽

Meleagris Gallopavo ◽

Phasianus Colchicus ◽

Grey Partridge ◽

Coturnix Coturnix ◽

Thigh Muscles ◽

Numida Meleagris ◽

Common Pheasant ◽

Amino Acid Levels ◽

Chukar Partridge

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the levels of amino acids (AAs) in breast and thigh muscles of six species of feathered game of the same age. The experiment involved the following species: wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), chukar partridge (Alectoris chucar), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and grey partridge (Perdix perdix). The highest content of AAs was found in the chukar partridge (breast: 815.7 ± 47.71 g/kg; thigh: 771.4 ± 107.0 g/kg, on a dry matter basis), the lowest levels of AAs were found in Japanese quail (breast: 734.2 ± 45.07 g/kg) and grey partridge (thigh: 614.9 ± 49.66 g/kg). In all examined species, the level of histidine in breast muscles differed (P ≤ 0.01) from that in thigh muscles. In all investigated species, the levels of essential AAs in breast muscles were higher (P ≤ 0.01) than those in thigh muscles, whereas the levels of non-essential AAs in breast muscles were lower (P ≤ 0.01) than those in thigh muscles. Breast muscles are therefore more valuable than thigh muscles because of the content of essential AAs.

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Evaluating complex mental health care in outpatient care in rural Lower Saxony: an ecologic study

Psychiatrische Praxis ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1277870 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

A Bramesfeld ◽

K Kopke ◽

M Walle ◽

J Radisch ◽

D Büchtemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Outpatient Care ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Ecologic Study

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Richness in Lower Saxony and Other German Federal States (Bundesländer) - Results Based on the German Wage and Income Tax Statistics 2003 for Professions, Entrepeneurs and Employees

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1427748 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Böhm ◽

Joachim Merz

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Federal States ◽

German Federal States

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Bioavailability of phosphorus as a tool for efficient P reduction schemes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0217 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Peter Gerdes ◽

Sabine Kunst

Keyword(s):

Sewage Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Effective Management ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

P Balance ◽

Different Sources ◽

Total P ◽

P Sources ◽

P Bioavailability

The bioavailability of phosphorus from different sources has been evaluated in the catchment area of the River Ilmenau (Lower-Saxony, Germany) by using algal assays. The P bioavailability describes the different potential of P from various sources of supporting eutrophication. Effluents from sewage treatment plants were highly bioavailable (72% of TP) whereas rainwater (26%) and erosion effluents (30%) showed a low bioavailability. In order to develop effective strategies to minimize P inputs into the river, source specific P bioavailability indices were determined and combined with a P balance to calculate inputs of vioavailable P (BAP) instead of total P (TP). It could be shown that the relative importance of the different P sources changes when applying BAP. Measures to reduce P inputs into the River Ilmenau will take P bioavailability into consideration and therefore lead to a more cost-effective management.

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Information about Sports Related Concussion and Return to Play Rules in Youth Soccer, Rugby and Handball on Websites of German Sports Clubs (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23159 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Rihani ◽

Jennifer Usinger ◽

Nicola Jungbäck ◽

Gabriele Stumm ◽

Thorsten Schulz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Return To Play ◽

Online Information ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

Sports Clubs ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

The Usa ◽

Sports Activities

BACKGROUND Sports-related mild traumatic brain injuries (sports related concussion, SRC) have received increasing attention since neurodegenerative processes have been linked to repetitive SRCs. Return-to-Play (RTP) rules have been established for medical advised return into sports activities after concussion, but it is not clear if these rules also reach the sports clubs and its young athletes. OBJECTIVE In youth sports, athletes and their parents search the internet for advice after SRC. We therefore investigated which websites of German sports associations and clubs in football (soccer), handball and rugby offer information on SRC and RTP rules. METHODS The systematic analysis included websites of local football, handball and rugby clubs in two comparable regions in Southern Bavaria and Lower Saxony. The websites of the regional and the German umbrella associations were also included into the study. Eight criteria of the revised Sport Concussion Consensus Statement served as standard for the evaluation according to the protocol published by Swallow et al. (J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2018). RESULTS No information on RTP rules or the topic “sports-related brain injuries” could be found on any of the clubs’ websites. Only the Bavarian Football Association and the Rugby Association sporadically provided information on the topic. The German umbrella associations in football and rugby take up international documents and regulations of the European and the world associations. No information could be found at the German Handball Association. CONCLUSIONS The topics of sports-related brain injuries and RTP rules are mostly neglected on the analysed Websites. This is remarkable, as there are clearly defined consensus guidelines which are widely accepted in international comparison. Especially in the USA, online information on this topic has become standard.

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Rare Campanian Echinoids from Höver and Misburg (Hannover Area, Lower Saxony, Germany)

Fossil Record ◽

10.1002/mmng.4860050109 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 121-139

Author(s):

Christian Neumann ◽

John W. M. Jagt ◽

Raymond W. J. M. van der Ham

Keyword(s):

Lower Saxony

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Denmark-Norway as a Potential World Power in the Early Seventeenth Century

Itinerario ◽

10.1017/s0165115300003077 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Már Jónsson

Keyword(s):

Foreign Affairs ◽

The Political ◽

Military Operations ◽

Huge Amount ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

One Year ◽

Council Of State ◽

Standing Army ◽

Do So

On 2 January 1625, the English ambassador Robert Anstruther met with King Christian IV of Norway and Denmark and requested his participation in a union of Protestant states against Emperor Ferdinand II and the Catholic League in Germany. Within three days, King Christian proposed to contribute five thousand soldiers for one year, as part of an army of almost thirty thousand men. In early June, despite opposition from the Danish Council of State, reluctant to put a huge amount of money into foreign affairs, Christian decided to join what he called “the war for the defence of Lower Saxony”. He then headed an army of mercenaries southwards through Lower Saxony, secured all crossings over the river Weser and prepared to confront the Catholic forces. On 29 November, it was decided that Denmark would be in charge of military operations in Northern Germany, whereas England and the United Provinces would provide a monthly subsidy. The political and military prospects for Denmark were excellent, to say the least. It had the fourth strongest navy in Europe (after Spain and the two new allies), and only a few years before the Danish warships had been described by a French observer as “merveilles de l'océan”. A small standing army of two regiments had recently been established and Denmark was the fourth European state to do so after France, Spain and the neighbouring Sweden.

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An approach to assess stress in response to drive hunts using cortisol levels of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95927-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Justine Güldenpfennig ◽

Marion Schmicke ◽

Martina Hoedemaker ◽

Ursula Siebert ◽

Oliver Keuling

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Stress Hormones ◽

Age Groups ◽

Group Living ◽

Well Being ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Impact ◽

Effect Of Age

AbstractHunting can easily be linked to stress in wildlife. Drive hunts performed two to three times in one area during the respective hunting period, are thought to decrease the pressure hunting places on wildlife. Nevertheless, the expression of cortisol—one of the main mammalian stress hormones—is considered to have negative impacts on animals’ well-being if expressed excessively, which may occur during some (especially repeated) hunting events. We explored the effect of drive hunts on cortisol levels in wild boar in Lower Saxony, Germany, compared these cortisol levels to reference values given by a similar study, and investigated the effect of age, sex, and pregnancy. Blood collected from wild boar shot on drive hunts was analysed using a radioimmunoassay. As expected, we observed elevated cortisol levels in all samples, however, we still found significant differences between age groups and sexes, as well as an influence of pregnancy on cortisol levels. The effect of drive hunts on cortisol levels appears to be weaker than predicted, while the effects of other variables, such as sex, are distinct. Only half of the evaluated samples showed explicitly increased cortisol levels and no significant differences were found between sampling months and locations. Group living animals and pregnant females showed significantly higher cortisol levels. The impact of hunting is measurable but is masked by natural effects such as pregnancy. Thus, we need more information on stress levels in game species.

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Socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes among different population subgroups

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

B Safieddine ◽

S Sperlich ◽

J Beller ◽

K Lange ◽

J Epping ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽

School Education ◽

Target Group ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Important Target ◽

Prevention Interventions

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising global epidemic with lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups being more affected. Considering specific population subgroups to examine prevalence and SES inequalities in T2D is rare. In addition, using only one indicator to depict SES inequalities in health has been a common practice despite evidence on differences in what different indicators measure. This study examines the prevalence of and SES (school education, occupation and income) inequalities in T2D in the three population subgroups: employed individuals, nonworking spouses and pensioners. This study also determines the SES indictor with the highest explanatory power. Methods This study is based on claims data from a statutory health insurance provider in Lower Saxony, Germany. T2D prevalence in the period between 2013 and 2017 was examined in 1,345,841 employed individuals, 180,949 nonworking spouses and 773,427 pensioners. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to examine SES inequalities in T2D in the three subgroups. Explanatory power of the three SES indicators was compared by deviance analysis. Results T2D prevalence was four times higher in male nonworking spouses (24.2%) and 2.6 times higher in female nonworking spouses (12.7%) compared to employed men (6.4%) and women (4.7%) respectively, while it accounted for 40% of men and 36% of women in pensioners. Clear gradients in T2D inequalities emerged for all three SES indicators and were observed in the three population subgroups. School education had the highest explanatory power in employed men and women and male nonworking spouses. Conclusions Nonworking spouses are an important target group in T2D prevention interventions. The three SES indicators differ in their explanatory power where low school education appears to be a major risk factor. It can be discussed that health literacy and the associated health behavior play a role in mediating the association between education and T2D. Key messages The population subgroup “nonworking spouses” is an important target group for type 2 diabetes prevention interventions. The level of school education is a substantial determinant of socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes.

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