Does erosion progress differently on teeth already presenting clinical signs of erosive tooth wear than on sound teeth? An in vitro pilot trial

Abstract Background This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear. Methods Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens [randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)] were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 h by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 h (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels [Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)] in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm), G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) showed the overall best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047). Conclusions After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

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Monitoring of Erosive Tooth Wear with Intraoral Scanners In vitro

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000514666 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Corinna Witecy ◽

Carolina Ganss ◽

Bernd Wöstmann ◽

Moritz B. Schlenz ◽

Maximiliane A. Schlenz

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Systematic Difference ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Load Bearing ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Promising Tool ◽

External Software ◽

Optical Profilometer

Intraoral scanners (IOS) have been used to quantify tooth wear, but so far they have not been systematically validated for monitoring of tissue loss. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate whether progression of tissue loss can be detected with an IOS and whether IOS values agree with those obtained with noncontacting profilometry (PRO) serving as a standard method. Model jaws were mounted in a phantom head positioned in a dental chair. Flattened areas were prepared on the non-load-bearing cusps of the first molars (model teeth; n = 16) in order to fix flat enamel samples with an experimental area and a reference area. After baseline PRO and IOS, the experimental enamel area was stepwise etched with 35% H3PO4 gel (4 × 30 s and 4 × 15 s). After each etching, PRO and IOS was performed and the vertical tissue loss between the reference and experimental areas was measured, each at the same 3 measurement points. Furthermore, cupped cusps were simulated by stepwise preparation of the load-bearing cusps of the model teeth with a spherical diamond bur, and the maximum vertical depth after each preparation step was measured only by IOS. Trios3 (3Shape, Denmark), Carestream CS3600 (Carestream, USA) and an optical profilometer (MicroProf, Fries, Germany) were used to measure the flat areas of the enamel samples, whereas only IOS were used to measure curved surfaces on the load-bearing cupped cusps of the model teeth. The IOS data were analyzed with an external software (GOM Inspect, Germany) and with the respective internal IOS software. PRO revealed a mean (±SD) tissue loss of 17.1 ± 4.7 µm after 30-s etching steps and 10.1 ± 5.1 µm after the 15-s etching steps. IOS and software types were able to detect the progression of tissue loss after each etching step (p ≤ 0.001 each); Bland-Altmann plots revealed good agreement with PRO regardless of the order of tissue loss, and no systematic difference was found. Increasing cupped lesion depths were detected by all IOS, with no significant differences between IOS and analysis methods. IOS were able to detect small amounts of tissue loss under simulated clinical conditions and seem to be a promising tool for monitoring even initial erosive tooth wear.

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In vitro validation of a hand-held optical reflectometer to measure clinically observed erosive tooth wear

Lasers in Medical Science ◽

10.1007/s10103-016-1957-0 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 1105-1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thiago Saads Carvalho ◽

Cristiane Meira Assunção ◽

Fabian Jost ◽

Walter Bruno Bürgin ◽

Jonas Almeida Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Wear ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Optical Reflectometer

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Effect of silver diamine fluoride on the prevention of erosive tooth wear in vitro

Journal of Dentistry: X ◽

10.1016/j.jjodo.2020.100015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 100015

Author(s):

Sultan E. Ainoosah ◽

John Levon ◽

George J. Eckert ◽

Anderson T. Hara ◽

Frank Lippert

Keyword(s):

Tooth Wear ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear

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Potential of Different Fluoride Gels to Prevent Erosive Tooth wear caused by Gastroesophageal Reflux

10.21203/rs.3.rs-129814/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Körner ◽

Luca Georgis ◽

Daniel Wiedemeier ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

Florian Wegehaupt

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Control Group ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Custom Made ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Enamel Wear

Abstract Background: This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear.Methods: Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens (randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)) were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 hours by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 hours (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels (Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)) in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results: The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm) showed the best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion, though G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) revealed almost equal and statistically not different results. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047).Conclusions: After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

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Salivary Hemoglobin Protects against Erosive Tooth Wear in Gastric Reflux Patients

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000507110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (5-6) ◽

pp. 466-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tatiana Martini ◽

Daniela Rios ◽

Aline Dionizio ◽

Luiza de Paula Silva Cassiano ◽

Vinicius Taioqui Pelá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proteinase Inhibitors ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Group Versus ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Biological Factor ◽

Α Subunit ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Enamel Erosion

Objective: Saliva is the most important biological factor to protect against erosive tooth wear (ETW). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients have an increased risk of ETW due to the frequent presence of intrinsic acids in the oral cavity. Remarkably, not all GERD patients suffer from ETW, which might be due to differences in the composition of the saliva. Methods: This study compared the proteomic profile of saliva in patients (1) with GERD and ETW (basic erosive wear examination, BEWE, score ≥9; GE group) and (2) with GERD without ETW (BEWE = 0; GNE group) using shotgun label-free quantitative proteomic analysis nLC-ESI-MS/MS. The ability of hemoglobin (Hb) to protect against initial enamel erosion caused by a daily 10-s immersion of enamel specimens in 0.01 M HCl (pH 2.3) for 3 days was evaluated in vitro for proof of concept. Surface hardness change was used as response variable. Results: The differential expression of Hb subunits was significantly increased in the GNE group versus the GE group, in particular the Hb α-subunit that showed a >22-fold increase. Expressions of serum albumin (4.5-fold) and isoforms of cytoskeletal keratin type II (>3-fold) were also increased in the GNE group. Proteinase inhibitors, such as α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin, were only identified in the GNE group. In vitro, Hb (1.0 and 4.0 mg/mL) significantly reduced initial enamel erosion compared to a negative control after 3 days. Conclusions: Our results indicate that many proteins, with special emphasis on Hb, may be involved in the resistance of GERD patients to the occurrence of ETW. These proteins may be candidates for inclusion in dental products to protect against ETW.

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Proteins from whole mouth saliva mediate greater protection against severe erosive tooth wear than proteins from parotid saliva using an in vitro model

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 103319

Author(s):

Mahdi Mutahar ◽

David Bartlett ◽

Guy Carpenter ◽

Rebecca Moazzez

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Parotid Saliva ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Vitro Model

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Impact of 2′-Fucosyllactose on Gut Microbiota Composition in Adults with Chronic Gastrointestinal Conditions: Batch Culture Fermentation Model and Pilot Clinical Trial Findings

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 938

Author(s):

Jennifer Joan Ryan ◽

Andrea Monteagudo-Mera ◽

Nikhat Contractor ◽

Glenn R. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Batch Culture ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Open Label ◽

Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽

Fermentation Model ◽

Quality Of Life Index

Intestinal dysbiosis has been described in patients with certain gastrointestinal conditions including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a prebiotic human milk oligosaccharide, is considered bifidogenic and butyrogenic. To assess prebiotic effects of 2′-FL, alone or in combination with probiotic strains (potential synbiotics), in vitro experiments were conducted on stool from healthy, IBS, and ulcerative colitis adult donors. In anaerobic batch culture fermenters, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides counts, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate increased during fermentation with 2′-FL and some of the 2′-FL/probiotic combinations. In a subsequent open-label pilot trial, the effect of a 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula was evaluated in twelve adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis. Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) total and gastrointestinal symptoms domain scores, stool counts of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and stool SCFAs including butyrate, increased after six weeks of intervention. Consistent with documented effects of 2′-FL, the batch culture fermentation experiments demonstrated bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of 2′-FL during fermentation with human stool samples. Consumption of the 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula by adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis was associated with improvements in intra- and extra-intestinal symptoms, and bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects.

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Importance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in Clinical Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Calves

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1470

Author(s):

Ana García-Galán ◽

Juan Seva ◽

Ángel Gómez-Martín ◽

Joaquín Ortega ◽

Francisco Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Mycoplasma Bovis ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Feedlot Calves ◽

Fixed Panel

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain.

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Cytologic detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog and in vitro isolation of a unique mouse-virulent recombinant strain

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638721996685 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872199668

Author(s):

Waléria Borges-Silva ◽

Mariana M. Rezende-Gondim ◽

Gideão S. Galvão ◽

Daniele S. Rocha ◽

George R. Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Recombinant Strain ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Species Identity ◽

Cytologic Examination ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Tissue Homogenates

Parasites resembling Neospora caninum or Toxoplasma gondii were detected by cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a dog with neurologic disease. The dog became severely ill and was euthanized. Canine tissue homogenates were used for direct parasite isolation in cell culture, bioassay in 2 mouse lineages, and PCR. T. gondii was isolated in monkey kidney cells, and species identity was confirmed by PCR. Inoculated parasites were highly virulent for mice, which developed clinical signs and were euthanized immediately. PCR-RFLP for T. gondii using the cultured isolate (TgDgBA22) was conducted with 12 genetic markers, and a unique recombinant strain was identified. Detection of T. gondii by CSF cytology, although described in humans, had not been reported previously in dogs, to our knowledge, and was crucial for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the examined dog.

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