Human papillomavirus infection rate, distribution characteristics, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women

Abstract Background The incidence rate of cervical cancer is increasing yearly. The persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor leading to cervical cancer. HPV infection is double peak type. This study aimed at analyzing the HPV distribution characteristics, infection rate, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women. So as to provide reference for the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer screening strategy. Methods A retrospective analysis of 4614 women who underwent cervical cytology, and HPV examination from January 2018 to October 2019 at the healthcare department of Wuhan Union Hospital was done. We explored the characteristics and distribution of HPV infections around the menopause, then comparing the infection rate of HPV in postmenopause and over 65 years old, in order to analyze the influence of different ages on HPV infection. Results Generally, the HPV infection rate was 13.10% (539/4115), whereby the high-risk subtype constituted 73.84% (398/539) of all positive cases. On the other hand, the HPV39 infection was more common in postmenopausal women; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of the other types in the pre- and postmenopausal women. The first four types were 52/53/58/16. The results further showed that the rates of HPV infection before and after menopause were 12.34% (367/2975) and 15.09% (172/1140), respectively, which had no significant difference (P = 0.056), but more susceptible to high-risk HPV infection after the age of 65 (P = 0.041). Except for 40 years old to menopause, the infection rate of high-risk HPV in this age group was different from that in postmenopause (P = 0.023, 0.729 (0.555, 0.957)), other age groups had no significant effect on high-risk HPV infection. Conclusions It was concluded that whether menopause has nothing to do with HPV infection. Moreover, the risk of high-risk HPV infection in women aged 40 to premenopausal is relatively low, but the infection rate increases after 65. Hence the cutoff screening age should be appropriately prolonged.

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Human papillomavirus infection rate, distribution characteristics, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women

10.21203/rs.3.rs-131821/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Shen ◽

Jing Xia ◽

Hui hui Li ◽

Yang Xu ◽

San ping Xu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Distribution Characteristics ◽

Lower Genital Tract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract BackgroundThe incidence rate of cervical cancer is increasing yearly. The persistent infection of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor leading to cervical cancer. HPV infection is double peak type. This study aimed at analyzing the HPV distribution characteristics, infection rate, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women. So as to provide reference for the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer screening strategy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4614 women who underwent cervical cytology, and HPV examination from January 2018 to October 2019 at the healthcare department of Wuhan Union Hospital was done. We explored the characteristics and distribution of HPV infections around the menopause, then comparing the infection rate of HPV in postmenopause and over 65 years old, in order to analyze the influence of different ages on HPV infection.ResultsGenerally, the HPV infection rate was 13.10% (539 / 4115), whereby the high-risk subtype constituted 73.84% (398 / 539) of all positive cases. On the other hand, the HPV39 infection was more common in postmenopausal women; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of the other types in the pre- and postmenopausal women (Insert p value). The first four subtypes were 52 / 53 / 58 / 16, respectively. The infection rate of HPV in patients with lower genital tract inflammation was significantly higher, P = 0.000, 95% CI: 1.911 (1.416, 2.580) compared with those without lower genital tract inflammation. The results further showed that there was no significant difference between pre- and postmenopausal women in terms of HPV infection rate, but more susceptible to high-risk HPV infection after the age of 65 (P = 0.041). Except for 40 years old to menopause, the infection rate of high-risk HPV in this age group was different from that in postmenopause(P = 0.023,0.729(0.555,0.957)), other age groups had no significant effect on high-risk HPV infection.ConclusionsIt was concluded that whether menopause has nothing to do with HPV infection. Moreover, the infection rate of high-risk HPV increases after 65 years of age; hence the cutoff screening age should be appropriately prolonged.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.

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The genomic distribution map of human papillomavirus in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-155490/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ling Chen ◽

Yan Dong ◽

Jiao Li ◽

Jinqiu Zhao ◽

Li Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Single Type ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Double Infection ◽

Genomic Distribution ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract In this study, a total of 301,880 woman were recruited from 4 different regions of China. The overall prevalence of HPV was 18.01 %. The high-risk HPV infection rate was 79.14%, the low-risk HPV infection rate was 12.56 %, and the mixed HPV infection rate was 8.30%. The most common 4 HR HPV subtypes were HPV-52, 16, 58 and 53, which accounted for 20.49 %, 19.93 %, 14.54 % and 10.01 %. In LR HPV genotype, HPV-6 ranked the highest (28.17 %), followed by HPV-81 (9.09 %) and HPV-11 (3.78 %). HPV genotype subgroup analysis also showed that single-type infections had the highest prevalence rate (77.26 %) among HPV positive individuals. Among muti-infection genotype, double infection was the most common with frequencies of 76.04 %. This large report showed that the overall prevalence of HPV was high in China, whose distribution exhibits different patterns across different particular age and regions. Viral genotypes HPV 53, 6 were frequently detected in this population, which is worth of significant clinical attention.

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Human Papillomavirus and Infertility

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 377 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jeršovienė ◽

Gudlevičienė ◽

Rimienė ◽

Butkauskas

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

University Hospital ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

World Health ◽

Abnormal Sperm ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Risk Hpv

Background and objectives. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly sexually transmitted infection. Recent evidence suggests that an HPV infection may affect fertility. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infections among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to identify their awareness of HPV. Material and Methods. A total of 200 samples were collected from couples who received IVF treatment during 2017–2018 in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos (VUH SK) Santaros Fertility Centre (SFC). For HPV detection, cervical swabs from women and sperm samples from men were taken and a real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the identification of 14 high-risk HPV types. Sperm parameters were evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for 2010. Research subjects answered an anonymous questionnaire to ascertain their knowledge of HPV. Results. After testing of HPV in couples undergoing IVF, it was found that 33 out of 100 couples (33%) were HPV positive. Of these, 19% of women (19/100) and 20% of men (20/100) tested positive. Using Fisher’s exact test, a statistically significant difference was found between HPV infections and abnormal sperm quality parameters (p = 0.023). Conclusions. HPV may have an impact in spermatogenesis, because an HPV infection was more frequently detected in men with abnormal sperm parameters. High-risk HPV 52 was the most common genotype among couples undergoing IVF treatment.

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Human Papillomavirus and Pap Smear

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/1559827611402581 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 31-44

Author(s):

Indra Balachandran

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

The United States ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Testing ◽

Pap Smear Screening ◽

High Risk Hpv

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and viral persistence is a major risk factor in the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. In the United States, deaths due to squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix have fallen by 75% since the 1960s because of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening. However, the traditional Pap had a sensitivity of about 70% for detecting clinically significant precancerous lesions and cancer because of sampling and interpretive errors. The introduction of 2 liquid-based Pap smear collection systems in the 1990s, the use of HPV testing as a triage and co-testing with Pap smear, and the introduction of 2 automated screening devices have had a significant impact on improving the detection of such precancerous lesions. This review provides an analysis of the changes in Pap smear collection, improvements in screening, the evolutionary changes of high-risk HPV testing, reporting terminology of Pap smears, and clinical management guidelines. The future impact of 2 prophylactic HPV vaccines on the incidence of cervical carcinoma is also discussed. This article also discusses alternatives such as primary screening for high-risk HPV testing with visual inspection for cervical cancer detection used in resource-poor settings with a high incidence of cervical cancer.

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Detection Rates of Human Papillomavirus Associated with Cervical Cancer in Women of Nizhny Novgorod

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2020-324-3-44-47 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

NF Brusnigina ◽

MA Makhova ◽

OM Chernevskaya ◽

KA Orlova ◽

EA Kolesnikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Detection Rates ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Oncogenic Hpv

The purpose of the study was to assess detection rates of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer cases of Nizhny Novgorod. Materials and methods. We used the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test samples of mucosa lining of the cervical canal and/or transformation zone taken from 630 women with cervical dysplasia of different degrees and 107 incident cases of cervical cancer that did not undergo treatment. The detection and differentiation of 14 genotypes of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) was carried out using the AmpliSens® HPV HCR-genotype-FRT PRC kit. Results. The overall infection rate of women with oncogenic human papillomaviruses was 41.8%. Among the genotypes, HPV 16 (39.2%), 18 (15.5%), 33 (16.6%), and 56 (11.9%) predominated. A high prevalence of oncogenic HPV was detected in the women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (58.1%) and cervical cancer (90%). The spectrum of genotypes in women with neoplasia of various degrees differed. In women with CIN II and CIN III, vaccine-preventable HPV genotypes (HPV 16 and 18) playing the leading role in the development of cervical cancer were the most frequent. The same genotypes dominated in the women with invasive cervical cancer. One oncogenic HPV genotype was usually found in the infected women (69%). The high-risk HPV infection was often combined with Ureaplasma ssp (49.3%), Mycoplasma hominis (20.1%), Cytomegalovirus (21.1%), and Herpes simplex I/II (18.2%) infections. Combinations of high-risk HPV with Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes 6 were found in 8.3% and 5% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions. Our findings proved a wide prevalence of high carcinogenic risk HPV 16 and 18 genotypes, thus indicating the expediency of using Cervarix and Gardasil vaccines registered in the Russian Federation and containing antigens to these types of virus for specific prevention of the HPV infection.

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Prevalence high risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected women from Belém, Pará, Amazon region of Brazil: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27466/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Monteiro ◽

Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽

Tuane Ferreira ◽

Luana Rodrigues ◽

Andreza Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women.Methods: From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using the commercial kit.Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 63,3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40,4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level and who used condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners and history of sexually transmitted diseases.Conclusions: High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

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Interaction of High- and Low-Risk human papillomavirus genotypes is associated with a reduced risk of developing cervical cancer (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.36017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Avan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Population Based ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

P Value ◽

Simultaneous Infection ◽

High Risk Hpv

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is among the most common type of cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. OBJECTIVE The link between cervical cancer and high-risk HPV infection has been well documented, although the effect of simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV or low-risk HPV alone on the risk of developing cervical malignancy is remained to be unanswered in guideline METHODS We have investigated the association of high and low-risk HPVs (HR or LR) genotype with cervical carcinoma risk, as well as pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population-based cohort study of 790 patients. RESULTS The percentage of HR+LR and HR-HPV16/18 were 9.30% and 11.20% in class II, 7.15% and 7.10% in class IV and 7.15% and 5.80% in As-CUS smears. Interestingly concurrent infection with HR-HPV and LR-HPV types led to a notable decline in the risk of developing malignancy in comparison with the high-risk group (OR=0.3 (0.098-0.925), p-value=0.04). The percentage of individuals with cervical malignancy was 10.2% and 28.2% within the co-infected and the HR-HPV participants. CONCLUSIONS Our finding demonstrated that simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV reduces the risk of cervical malignancy.

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Correlation between the diversity of vaginal microbiota and the risk of high-risk human papillomavirus infection

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-2018-000032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xiao-Pei Chao ◽

Ting-Ting Sun ◽

Shu Wang ◽

Qing-Bo Fan ◽

Hong-Hui Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Neoplasia ◽

Vaginal Microbiota ◽

Future Research ◽

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Risk Hpv

ObjectivesSince other genital infections enhance HIV susceptibility by inducing inflammation and evidence suggests that the vaginal microbiome plays a functional role in the persistence or regression of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, we investigated the relationship between the composition of the vaginal microbiota and the risk of high-risk HPV infection.MethodsThe study included 151 healthy women (65 HPV-positive and 86 HPV-negative) aged 20–65 at enrollment. Total genome DNA from samples was extracted using the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) CTAB method. The vaginal microbiota composition was determined by sequencing barcoded 16S rDNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina HiSeq2500.ResultsOf the 30 most abundant bacteria at the genus level, we found only six bacteria with a statistical difference between HPV-positive and HPV-negative women: Bacteroides, Acinetobacter, Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, Finegoldia, and Moryella. Lactobacillus was the predominant genus and was detected in all women, but there was no significant difference between the two groups for L. iners, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri. Furthermore, we found 26 types of bacteria with a statistical difference at the species level between the two groups. Anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides plebeius, Acinetobacter lwoffii, and Prevotella buccae were found significantly more frequently in HPV-positive women, which is the most important finding of our study.ConclusionOur findings suggest a possible role for the composition of the vaginal microbiota as a modifier of high-risk HPV infection, and specific microbiota species may serve as sensors for changes in the cervical microenvironment associated with high-risk HPV infection. The exact molecular mechanism of the vaginal microbiota in the course of high-risk HPV infection and cervical neoplasia should be further explored. Future research should include intervention in the composition of the vaginal microbiota to reverse the course of high-risk HPV infection and the natural history of cervical neoplasia.

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Human papillomavirus infections and cervical cancer screening in Tunisian women

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

H Bouguerra ◽

A Hechaichi ◽

H Letaief ◽

M Ardhaoui ◽

E Ennaiefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

National Prevalence

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a significant public health problem with global estimations over 520 000 new cases and 274 000 deaths due to cervical cancer. In Tunisia, cervical cancer is the third cause of cancer in women but only a few prevalence studies conducted in specific populations are available. The present study aims to estimate the national prevalence of HPV infection and cervical cancer testing among Tunisian women. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 2014. We included all sexually active women aged 18 years and older, present in primary health care centers the day of the study. Data collection was based on a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic data, high-risk behaviors and previous cervical screening. HPV detection and typing was only done for betaglobin positive PCR-test. Ethical considerations were respected. Results The total number of surveyed women was 1494 and the overall prevalence of HPV infection was 7.5% IC95% [5.9%-9.0%]. The most common genotypes were HPV6 (21.9%) and HPV16 (11.5%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV was higher than low-risk HPV; 4.8% IC95% [3.7%-6.2%] and 3.8% IC95% [2.8%-4.8%] respectively. The prevalence of previous cervical screening was 36.6% (95% CI [34.3%-39.2%]). This rate was significantly associated with age (p < 10-3); from 13.9% among those <30 years to 49.3% among those ≥ 50 years. Conclusions Our survey provides an important overview of the current situation of HPV infection among Tunisian women. National prevalence of HPV infection was 7.5% but only 36.6% of women had a previous cervical cancer screening. This coverage remains poor, thus the need of targeted education and encouraging strategies to reduce cervical cancer burden in Tunisia. Key messages National prevalence of HPV infection is not negligeable in Tunisia, especially high risk HPV infections. Cervical screening is still low among Tunisian women, hence the need for education targeted to this population.

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Human papillomavirus in cervical screening and vaccination

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20050230 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 543-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Emma J. Crosbie ◽

Henry C. Kitchener

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Testing ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hpv Test ◽

High Risk Hpv

Recent decades have witnessed a reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer in countries where screening programmes have achieved broad coverage. The recognized importance of high-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) infection in the aetiology of cervical cancer may introduce a role for HPV DNA testing in cervical screening programmes. Positive HPV DNA tests indicate women at risk of cervical cancer with greater sensitivity, but reduced specificity, compared with exfoliative cytology. Combining HPV testing with cytology may be useful in the triage of minor cytological abnormalities into those requiring referral to colposcopy (HPV positive) compared with those who can be safely managed by cytological surveillance (HPV negative). With its high sensitivity and high-negative-predictive value, HPV testing may also be useful for predicting treatment failure, since residual disease is very unlikely in the event of a negative HPV test. Ultimately, prevention is better than cure, and the advent of HPV prophylactic vaccines may obviate the need for population-based cervical screening programmes in the future. A multivalent vaccine administered to adolescents prior to the onset of sexual activity and boosted at regular intervals throughout their sexually active life may provide protection against type-specific HPV infection, malignant precursors and invasive cervical disease. Several large randomized placebo-controlled trials have been conducted with promising results. For those generations of women already exposed to high-risk HPV infection, therapeutic vaccines may offer advantages over conventional treatment, although much work still needs to be done.

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