In vivo effect of Commiphora swynnertonii ethanolic extracts on Trypanosoma congolense and selected immunological components in mice

In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p<0.01 and p<0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of L. monopetala. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of M. cordata and L. monopetala leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.

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In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and In Vivo Antiarthritic Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Dissotis thollonii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/3612481 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stephanie Flore Djuichou Nguemnang ◽

Eric Gonzal Tsafack ◽

Marius Mbiantcha ◽

Ateufack Gilbert ◽

Albert Donatien Atsamo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Ros Production ◽

Zymosan A ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Promising Source

Dissotis thollonii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) is a tropical plant widely used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to relieve and treat many pathologies. It is widespread in the western region where it is used to treat typhoid fever, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study is to scientifically demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Dissotis thollonii. The anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated in vitro by inhibition tests for cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, protein denaturation, extracellular ROS production, and cell proliferation; while antiarthritic properties were evaluated in vivo in rats using the zymosan A-induced monoarthritis test and the CFA-induced polyarthritis model. This study shows that aqueous and ethanolic extracts at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase (47.07% and 63.36%) and 5-lipoxygenase (66.79% and 77.7%) and protein denaturation (42.51% and 44.44%). Similarly, both extracts inhibited extracellular ROS production (IC50 = 5.74 μg/ml and 2.96 μg/ml for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 7.47 μg/ml and 3.28 μg ml for peritoneal macrophages of mouse) and cell proliferation (IC50 = 16.89 μg/ml and 3.29 μg/ml). At a dose of 500 mg/kg, aqueous and ethanolic extracts significantly reduce edema induced by zymosan A (69.30% and 81.80%) and CFA (71.85% and 79.03%). At the same dose, both extracts decreased sensitivity to mechanical hyperalgesia with 69.00% and 70.35% inhibition, respectively. Systemic and histological analyzes show that both extracts maintain the studied parameters very close to normal and greatly restored the normal architecture of the joint in animals. Dissotis thollonii would therefore be a very promising source for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Selected Species of Medicinal Plants

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/ecsoc-23-06703 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Sandeep Waghulde ◽

Mohan K. Kale ◽

VijayR. Patil

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Annona Reticulata

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisum and Brassica oleraceaeand correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisumand Brassica oleraceaewere potent against the brine shrimp when compared alone with combined extracts. It indicated that bioactive components are present in these plants that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of these plant species in traditional medicine.

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Schistosoma mansoni : In vivo evaluation of Phyllanthus amarus hexanic and ethanolic extracts

Experimental Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 183 ◽

pp. 56-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Claudineide Nascimento Fernandes de Oliveira ◽

Tarsila Ferraz Frezza ◽

Vera Lúcia Garcia ◽

Glyn Mara Figueira ◽

Tiago Manuel Fernandes Mendes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Phyllanthus Amarus ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

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Ethanolic Extracts of Artemisia apiacea Hance Improved Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions In Vivo and Suppressed TNF-Alpha/IFN-Gamma–Induced Proinflammatory Chemokine Production In Vitro

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10070806 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 806 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ju-Hye Yang ◽

Esther Lee ◽

BoHyoung Lee ◽

Won-Kyung Cho ◽

Jin Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Chemokine Production ◽

Ifn Gamma ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Artemisia Apiacea

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In vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities and in vivo toxicological assessment (Zebrafish embryo model) of ethanolic extracts of Capsicum chinense Jacq.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ◽

10.5897/jmpr2015.5978 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yamile Vargas M eacute ndez Leonor ◽

Natalia Rosado Solano Doris ◽

Luis Sanabria Fl oacute rez Pedro ◽

Eduardo Puerto Galvis Carlos ◽

Kouznetsov Vladimir

Keyword(s):

Zebrafish Embryo ◽

Capsicum Chinense ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

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Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of a Cathepsin B-Like Protease Family Unique to Trypanosoma congolense

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00405-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 684-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Carlos Mendoza-Palomares ◽

Nicolas Biteau ◽

Christiane Giroud ◽

Virginie Coustou ◽

Theresa Coetzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cathepsin B ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Catalytic Domain ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Cysteine Proteases ◽

Catalytic Triad ◽

Trypanosoma Congolense

ABSTRACT Cysteine proteases have been shown to be essential virulence factors and drug targets in trypanosomatids and an attractive antidisease vaccine candidate for Trypanosoma congolense. Here, we describe an important amplification of genes encoding cathepsin B-like proteases unique to T. congolense. More than 13 different genes were identified, whereas only one or two highly homologous genes have been identified in other trypanosomatids. These proteases grouped into three evolutionary clusters: TcoCBc1 to TcoCBc5 and TcoCBc6, which possess the classical catalytic triad (Cys, His, and Asn), and TcoCBs7 to TcoCBs13, which contains an unusual catalytic site (Ser, Xaa, and Asn). Expression profiles showed that members of the TcoCBc1 to TcoCBc5 and the TcoCBs7 to TcoCBs13 groups are expressed mainly in bloodstream forms and localize in the lysosomal compartment. The expression of recombinant representatives of each group (TcoCB1, TcoCB6, and TcoCB12) as proenzymes showed that TcoCBc1 and TcoCBc6 are able to autocatalyze their maturation 21 and 31 residues, respectively, upstream of the predicted start of the catalytic domain. Both displayed a carboxydipeptidase function, while only TcoCBc1 behaved as an endopeptidase. TcoCBc1 exhibited biochemical differences regarding inhibitor sensitivity compared to that of other cathepsin B-like proteases. Recombinant pro-TcoCBs12 did not automature in vitro, and the pepsin-matured enzyme was inactive in tests with cathepsin B fluorogenic substrates. In vivo inhibition studies using CA074Me (a cell-permeable cathepsin B-specific inhibitor) demonstrated that TcoCB are involved in lysosomal protein degradation essential for survival in bloodstream form. Furthermore, TcoCBc1 elicited an important immune response in experimentally infected cattle. We propose this family of proteins as a potential therapeutic target and as a plausible antigen for T. congolense diagnosis.

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Cinnamon species: In vivo Anti-Oxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Cinnamon Zeylanicum and Cinnamon Cassicae Barks

Pharmacognosy Journal ◽

10.5530/pj.2019.11.38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 245-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Balasubramanian Prasanna ◽

Arumugam Vijaya Anand

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Cinnamon Zeylanicum

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Leaves of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae) is effective in vitro and in vivo in the control of Haemonchus contortus

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e276101220493

Author(s):

Matheus Ferreira Inácio ◽

Franciellen Morais-Costa ◽

Otávio Cardoso Filho ◽

Isabela Parolis Martins ◽

Valdo Soares Martins Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Mauritia Flexuosa ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Clinical Changes

In this study we evaluated the potential of Mauritia flexuosa leaves in the egg hatching and larval development inhibition and for reduction of egg count of this nematode in sheep feces. The leaves of this palm were collected and dehydrated for the production of aqueous and ethanolic extracts with and without tannins. Gas chromatography analysis indicated the presence of fifteen and ten major compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively, and both showed catechin peaks. The total of condensed tannins for leaves of Mauritia flexuosa was 33.23% ± 2. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed 100% anthelmintic activity to inhibit hatchability at 75 mg/ml. The inhibitory concentrations LC90 for aqueous and ethanolic extracts were, respectively, 21.8 and 8.5 mg/ml. The dehydrated leaves powder of M. flexuosa at ≥ 152.08 mg / g of coproculture presented efficiencies greater than 80% for inhibition of larval development. The in vivo administration of aqueous extract at 62.1 mg/kg PC promoted anti-helminthic efficacy of 54.57% and, after 14 days, no clinical signs of toxicity and clinical changes were observed in the treated lambs, indicating potential of this extract for the control alternative of haemonchosis.

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