scholarly journals Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Selected Species of Medicinal Plants

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sandeep Waghulde ◽  
Mohan K. Kale ◽  
VijayR. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Annona Reticulata

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisum and Brassica oleraceaeand correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisumand Brassica oleraceaewere potent against the brine shrimp when compared alone with combined extracts. It indicated that bioactive components are present in these plants that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of these plant species in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS (LINN) LEAVES AND ROOT EXTRACT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Wakawa H. Y. ◽  
Prof D. R. ◽  
Fasihuddin B. A.
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was conducted to test for <em>in vivo</em> Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of <em>Abrus precarious</em><em> </em>leaves and root extracts after successive maceration in four solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) ethyl acetate and methanol) and correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC<sub>50</sub> (lethality concentration), 10 nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extracts, and after 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted, and LC<sub>50</sub> was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Potent cytotoxicity was found for both the leaves and root extracts of <em>Abrus precatorius</em>, results showed a concentration dependent increment in mortality rate of the brine shrimp nauplii and the n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions of the root and leaves extracts were more potent against the brine shrimp with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 7.870 ppm and 19.135 ppm (µg/ml) respectively, whereas methanol fractions of both the extracts exhibited low potent activity with LC<sub>50</sub> values 61.575 ppm and 226.053 ppm (µg/ml) in root and leaves respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result indicated bioactive components are present in this plant that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects.</p>

scholarly journals Cumulative Effect of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Annona Reticulate and Allium Sativumon Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sandeep Waghulde ◽  
Ashwini Bhoir ◽  
Jyoti Gholap ◽  
Varsha Patil ◽  
Mohan K. Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Annona Reticulata

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts Annona reticulate Linn. and Allium sativumand correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids could be accounted for its cytotoxic properties. In the other hand, studies have shown that the leaf extracts of Alcoholic and aqueous extract of Annona reticulata and bulbs of Allium sativum extracts exhibited cumulative activity when they were combined and compared. Thus, the results on the leaf extracts of Alcoholic and aqueous extract of Annona reticulata and bulbs of Allium sativum exhibited increase in activity support its use in traditional medicine.

Artemia species: An Important Tool to Screen General Toxicity Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2892-2908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epole Ntungwe N ◽  
Eva M. Domínguez-Martín ◽  
Amilcar Roberto ◽  
Joana Tavares ◽  
Vera M. S. Isca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Medicinal plants are a good source of novel therapeutic drugs, due to the phytochemicals present. Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, is a tiny halophilic invertebrate belonging to class Crustacean, which plays an important role in saline aquatic and marine eco-systems. Besides its usage in aquaculture, it is also highly valued for its application in toxicity detection and it is used in areas such as Ecology, Physiology, Ecotoxicology, Aquaculture and Genetics. Furthermore, Artemia based lethality assay (brine shrimp lethality assay, BSLA) is rapid, convenient and low cost. Presently, brine shrimp lethality assays are enormously employed in research and applied toxicology. It has been used in the study of natural products as a preliminary toxicity assay to screen a large number of extracts and compounds for drug discovery in medicinal plants. The aim of this review paper is to collect, organize, select and discuss the existing knowledge about the different uses of Artemia salina as a bench-top bioassay for the discovery and purification of bioactive natural products.

Antibacterial Activity against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of Trichilia megalanthaHarms and Trichilia welwitschii C. DC

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Philip A. Idowu ◽  
Tajudeen A. Adegbenle
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Increasing resistance of typhoidal Salmonella enterica to conventional antibiotics has caused more cases of typhoid, therapeutic failure, morbidity and mortality; creating the need to search for new and effective antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants. The present study aimed to detect antisalmonella activity and cytotoxicity (safety) status of the stem bark and leaves of two Nigerian medicinal plants, Trichilia megalantha and Trichilia welwitschii. Nine clinical isolates of Salmonella paratyphi, whose antibiogram were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method were used. Antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts on the clinical isolates were done by agar cup diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively. Acute toxicity of the extracts was determined using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). All the nine isolates of Salmonella paratyphi were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics (augmentin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and ampicillin) but susceptible to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin), nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. The crude extracts of the two plants elicited activity against the nine clinical isolates with the bark extracts being more active than the leaf extracts. T. welwitschii was slightly less active than T. megalantha. The MIC and MBC ranged 1.25 - 5.0 mg/ ml and 2.5 - 10 mg/ml, respectively for the plants. The antisalmonella activity of methanolic extracts of both plants were found to be less than that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. With modal cytotoxicity values of 400 - 500 μg/ml, the plant parts were considered nontoxic. Therefore, T. megalantha and T. welwitschii could provide a potential source of antibacterial agent(s) for the treatment of Salmonella paratyphoid infections. Keywords: Trichilia megalantha; Trichilia welwitschii, antisalmonella; cytotoxicity; Salmonella paratyphi 

scholarly journals Brine Shrimp Cytotoxic Activity of Morinda elliptica Leaves and Root Crude Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Henry Yusufu Wakawa ◽  
Fasihuddin Badrudin Ahmad ◽  
Zaini Bin Assim ◽  
Umaru Isaac John
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Morinda Elliptica ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients

This survey was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of Morinda elliptica leaves and root extract after successive maceration in four solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) ethyl acetate and methanol) and cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). 10 nauplii were placed in different concentrations (in three replicates each) of the plant extracts, after 24 hours the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. The result of the survey showed a concentration dependent increment in mortality rate of the brine shrimp nauplii and n-hexane and methanol fractions of the leaves and root extracts were more potent against the brine shrimp with LC50 values of 35.483 ppm and 39.259 ppm (μg/ml) respectively, whereas ethyl acetate of both the extracts exhibited lower potent activity with LC50 values 62.250 ppm and 102.250 ppm (μg/ml) in roots and leaves respectively. These findings indicated that bioactive ingredients are present in the plants that could account for its pharmacological effects.

scholarly journals South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Gugulethu P. Khumalo ◽  
Nicholas J. Sadgrove ◽  
Sandy F. Van Vuuren ◽  
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Indigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today’s most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa. Information on the medicinal uses of bark-based medicines in modern commerce was recorded from randomly selected traders. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used for antimicrobial screening, and brine shrimp lethality was used to determine toxicity. New medicinal uses were recorded for 14 bark species. Plants demonstrating some broad-spectrum activities against tested bacteria include Elaeodendron transvaalense, Erythrina lysistemon, Garcinia livingstonei, Pterocelastrus rostratus, Rapanea melanophloeos, Schotia brachypetala, Sclerocarya birrea, and Ziziphus mucronata. The lowest MIC value of 0.004 mg/mL was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis for a dichloromethane bark extract of E. lysistemon. The tested medicinal barks were shown to be non-toxic against the Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) bioassay, except for a methanol extract from Trichilia emetica (69.52% mortality). Bacterial inhibition of bark extracts with minimal associated toxicity is consistent with the safety and valuable use of medicinal barks for local muthi market customers. Antimicrobial outcomes against skin and gastrointestinal pathogens are feasible because mere contact-inhibition is required in vivo; however, MIC values against respiratory pathogens require further explaining from a pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics perspective, particularly for ingested rather than smoked therapies.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Pelarut dalam Uji Sitotoksistas Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) pada Wound Dressing Kolagen-Kitosan

al-Kimiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ary Andini ◽  
Endah Prayekti ◽  
Fadillah Triasmoro ◽  
Indah Nur Kamaliyah
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality

Kolagen dan kitosan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembalut luka karena memiliki karakteristik yang baik. Namun, pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan perlu dilakukan uji sitotoksisitas sebelum diaplikasikan secara in vivo, seperti Brine Shrimp Lethally Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan tidak dapat larut dalam Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO) dan aquadest dengan mudah, oleh karena itu perlu pertimbangan alternatif pelarut karena kolagen dan kitosan lebih mudah larut dalam pelarut asam seperti asam klorida (HCl) dan asam asetat ( CH3COOH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration  50 (LC50) dari pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan yang dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO, HCl, CH3COOH dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan didapatkan dengan mencampurkan larutan kitosan 2% dan kolagen dengan perbandingan 1:1 w/w kemudian dihomogenkan, dicetak, dan dikeringkan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan uji sitotoksisitas dengan metode BSLT dan LC50 dihitung menggunakan Analisis Probit. Pembalut luka dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO 1%, CH3COOH 1%, dan HCl 1% hingga homogen, kemudian diencerkan dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 1000 ppm dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Setelah itu uji BSLT dilakukan dengan menggunakan Artemia salina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembalut luka yang dilarutkan dalam DMSO 1% memiliki LC50 > 1000 ppm, sedangkan pada pelarut CH3COOH dan pelarut  HCl menunjukkan  LC50< 30. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pelarut DMSO bersifat non-toksik (LC50  > 1000 ppm), tetapi pelarut CH3COOH 1% dan HCl 1% bersifat sangat toksik (LC50 < 30 ppm) sebagai pelarut alternatif pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan pada uji BSLT.

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