scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin on fructose induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male albino wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tewodros Mengesha ◽  
N. Gnana Sekaran ◽  
Tsegaye Mehare
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Triglyceride ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the Western world, and it’s likely to parallel the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other components of metabolic syndrome. However, optimal treatment for NAFLD has not been established yet. Therefore, this study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin on fructose-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups; normal control group that consumed tap water, silymarin control group that consumed tap water and silymarin (400 mg/kg/day), fructose control group that consumed 20% fructose solution, treatment group that consumed 20% fructose solution and silymarin (200 mg/kg/day), and another treatment group that consumed 20% fructose solution and silymarin (400 mg/kg/day). Hepatic triglyceride, serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant level, morphological features, and histopathological changes were investigated. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. Results This study showed that the fructose control group had a significantly high value in the stage of steatosis grade, hepatic triglyceride, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hepatic malondialdehyde concentration as compared to the normal control. However, significantly low values of reduced glutathione and plasma total antioxidant capacity were found. The altered parameters due to fructose drastic effect were ameliorated by silymarin treatment. Conclusions The fructose control group developed dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and mild steatosis that are the characteristics features of NAFLD. However, silymarin-treated groups showed amelioration in oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and steatosis.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Ruzu Bitters on Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olubanke O. Ogunlana ◽  
Oluseyi E. Ogunlana ◽  
Tobi S. Adekunbi ◽  
Babatunde O. Adetuyi ◽  
Bose E. Adegboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become notorious globally. Increasingly emerging evidence shows that NAFLD is strongly associated with inflammation, with proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) playing a vital role in its progression. In this work, an attempt was made to verify the anti-inflammatory activity of Ruzu herbal bitters (RHB), an antiobesity medicinal concoction, on NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in albino Wistar rats. Twenty-five (25) rats were divided into five groups as follows: Group 1, the normal control, was maintained on standard rat chow and received normal saline (1 ml/kg body weight (BW)/day) for twelve weeks. The other groups were maintained on HFD for twelve weeks. Thereafter, groups 2–5 were treated with pioglitazone (4 mg/kg BW/day), RHB (0.6 ml/kg BW/day), normal saline (1 ml/kg BW/day), and fenofibrate (10 mg/kg BW/day), respectively. The animals were sacrificed after the experimental period. Biochemical indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation were assayed in the liver according to standard methods. The histological features of the liver were also compared to assess liver damage. RHB significantly (p<0.05) reduced body weight and liver index, inhibited oxidative stress, boosted antioxidant enzymes by increasing the activity and level of SOD and GSH, reduced proinflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α), and reversed histological alterations induced by NAFLD in rat liver. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory activity of RHB in the prevention of NAFLD in rats has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Histopathologic Evaluation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hypothyroidism-Induced Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şule Demir ◽  
Mustafa Ünübol ◽  
Serap Ünübol Aypak ◽  
Emrah İpek ◽  
Serdar Aktaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Significant Difference

It is speculated that thyroid hormones may be involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. A literature scan, however, demonstrated conflicting results from studies investigating the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate NAFLD, from the histopathologic perspective, in hypothyroidism-induced rats. Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group consumed water containing methimazole 0.025% (MMI, Sigma, USA) for 12 weeks and the control group consumed tap water. At the end of week 12, serum glucose, ALT, AST, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, TSH, fT4, fT3, visfatin, and insulin assays were performed. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and “Oil Red-O” for histopathologic examination of the livers. In our study, we detected mild hepatosteatosis in all hypothyroidism-induced rats. There was statistically significant difference with respect to obesity between the two groups (p<0.001). The mean fasting blood glucose was 126.25 ± 23.4 mg/dL in hypothyroidism-induced group and 102.63 ± 15.51 mg/dL in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.032). The two groups did not differ statistically significantly with respect to visfatin levels (p>0.05). In conclusion, we found that hypothyroidism-induced rats had mild hepatosteatosis as opposed to the control group histopathologically. Our study indicates that hypothyroidism can cause NAFLD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hemodialysis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Jung Wu ◽  
Jin-Bor Chen ◽  
Wen-Chin Lee ◽  
Hwee-Yeong Ng ◽  
Shu-Ching Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Copy Numbers

Introduction. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more common around the world and it may progress to cirrhosis and liver failure, increasing mortality risk. In hemodialysis (HD) patients, NAFLD may be a novel risk factor for their high cardiovascular mortality. Heightened oxidative stress is highly prevalent in HD patients. However, the relationship between oxidative stress and NAFLD in HD patients is not well defined.Methods. We studied seventy-one stable nondiabetic HD patients. Nineteen patients had the diagnosis of NAFLD by ultrasonography. Blood levels of oxidative stress markers were measured in each patient, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free thiols, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in peripheral leukocytes were also determined. Demographic, biochemistry, and hemogram data were recorded. The two groups of patients were compared in order to determine the factors associated with NAFLD in HD patients.Findings. Compared to those without NAFLD, nondiabetic HD patients with NAFLD had significantly higher mtDNA copy number and GPx levels. The two groups did not differ significantly in dialysis adequacy, hemoglobin, serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, liver function tests, or lipid profiles. Regression analysis confirmed mtDNA copy numbers and GPx levels as two independent factors associated with NAFLD. Compared to those with polysulfone, patients dialyzed with cellulose membrane have significantly higher levels of TBARS. However, patients with or without NAFLD did not differ in their use of either dialysis membrane.Discussion. Oxidative stress (represented by antioxidant defense, GPx) and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers are independently associated with fatty liver disease in nondiabetic HD patients. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this key observation warrant further exploration.

scholarly journals GOUT AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: EFFECT OF ENTEROSORPTION’S ADDITION TO COMMON TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
U. O. Mudra
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Disease Effect ◽  
Basic Treatment

Background. Gout is still one of the major health problems despite significant advances in treatment in recent years. It has been proved that pathogenetic mechanisms of development and progression of gout are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Complex pathogenic treatment of patients aimed at different parts of the pathological process has recently been supplemented with the enterosorbents. Objective. The aim of the research is to study the clinical features of gout with concomitant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to evaluate the effect of carbon enterosorbent on its course. Methods. 123 patients were involved in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients with gout without liver damage, and group 2 included patients with concomitant NAFLD. Each of these groups was divided into subgroups, in which the patients received carbon enterosorbent carboline plus basic treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy persons. Anamnesis, physical examination, uric acid (UA), C-reactive protein (CRP) content, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in serum were determined. Gout activity was evaluated using the Gout Activity Score (GAS). Results. Basic treatment in combination with carbon enterosorbent contributed to faster cure of intoxication, pain and joint syndromes, as well as decrease of the inflammatory process activity. Conclusions. The course of gout in the patients with concomitant NAFLD is more severe. Adding of carbon granular enterosorbent carboline in the complex treatment of patients with gout with or without concomitant NAFLD in the exacerbation phase contributes to a faster cureing dynamics of clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease.

scholarly journals Adolescent Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. e34-e44
Author(s):  
Aya Bardugo ◽  
Cole D Bendor ◽  
Inbar Zucker ◽  
Miri Lutski ◽  
Tali Cukierman-Yaffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Context The long-term risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Objective To assess type 2 diabetes risk among adolescents with NAFLD. Design and Setting A nationwide, population-based study of Israeli adolescents who were examined before military service during 1997–2011 and were followed until December 31, 2016. Participants A total of 1 025 796 normoglycemic adolescents were included. Interventions Biopsy or radiographic tests were prerequisite for NAFLD diagnosis. Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Main Outcome Measures Type 2 diabetes incidence. Results During a mean follow-up of 13.3 years, 12 of 633 adolescents with NAFLD (1.9%; all with high body mass index [BMI] at baseline) were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes compared with 2917 (0.3%) adolescents without NAFLD. The hazard ratio (HR) for type 2 diabetes was 2.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–4.58) for the NAFLD vs. the non-NAFLD group after adjustment for BMI and sociodemographic confounders. The elevated risk persisted in several sensitivity analyses. These included an analysis of persons without other metabolic comorbidities (adjusted HR, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.48-5.14]) and of persons with high BMI; and an analysis whose outcome was type 2 diabetes by age 30 years (adjusted HR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.02-4.52]). The results remained significant when a sex-, birth year-, and BMI-matched control group was the reference (adjusted HR, 2.98 [95% CI, 1.54-5.74]). Conclusions Among normoglycemic adolescents, NAFLD was associated with an increased adjusted risk for type 2 diabetes, which may be apparent before age 30 years.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Obese Patients

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oral ◽  
Sahin ◽  
Turker ◽  
Kocak
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Relationship

Background and objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with multiple factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperuricemia. We aim to investigate the relationship between uric acid and NAFLD in a non-obese and young population. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in January 2010–2019 with a group of 367 (225 patients in the NAFLD group and 142 in the control group) patients with liver biopsy-proven NAFLD or no NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD were classified according to the percentage of steatosis as follows, group I had 1–20% and group II >20%. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory (biochemical parameters) features were collected retrospectively. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) and age of the patients were 26.41 ± 3.42 and 32.27 ± 8.85, respectively. The BMI, homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR), and uric acid (UA) values of the NAFLD group were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls. A positive correlation was found between the NAFLD stage and UA. The following factors were independently associated with NAFLD: BMI, HOMA-IR, and UA. In addition, the cut-off value of UA was 4.75 mg/dl with a sensitivity of 45.8% and a specificity of 80.3%. Conclusions: UA is a simple, non-invasive, cheap, and useful marker that may be used to predict steatosis in patients with NAFLD.

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