scholarly journals Three-dimensional characteristic of fungiform papillae and its taste buds in European bison (Bison bonasus), cattle (Bos taurus), and Bison bonasus hybrid

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Plewa ◽  
Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk ◽  
Hanna Jackowiak
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
Taste System ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Background Our recent macro- and scanning electron microscopic study of tongue conducted on domesticated cattle, wild living European bison, and Bison bonasus hybrid revealed various spatial arrangement and number of gustatory and mechanical papillae between parental species and their hybrid. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis of gustatory papillae indicated the variable distribution of fungiform papillae (Fu) over the surface of the tongue, which could be significant in differentiated taste perception during feeding in studied wild living and domesticated husbandry ruminants. To specify the detailed microstructure of Fu papillae with connective tissue cores (CTC) and intraepithelial taste buds system, the first time the three-dimensional computer-aided analysis of serial histoslides resulted in the rendering of 3D reconstructions of Fu papillae. Results The comparative analysis of 3D models Fu papillae conducted in six areas of lingual mucosa of each tongue revealed information about, microstructural diversity of Fu papillae in studied ruminants. The estimation of number and density of Fu papillae on tongues, rate of protrusion of papillae over mucosa, and a number of taste buds per papilla allowed to state the ventral surface of the lingual apex and posterolateral surfaces of the lingual torus as regions important in taste perception, as in the preselection of taken food, as well in the analysis of food during rumination, respectively. On the 3D models were observed three structural types of CTC of different distribution on the tongue in studied species. The quantitative data of the number of taste buds on Fu papillae have regional functional differences in the taste system important in feeding and veterinary practice. Moreover, our analysis determined specific features in examined hybrid and showed similarities of some studied features with cattle, i.e., maternal species. Conclusions The 3D reconstruction method used for the first time in the field of study of the lingual papillae and taste buds system can be considered as an innovative and effective tool in assessing of the microstructures of Fu papillae, and it could be suitable for further studies of taste system structures in normal and pathological condition.

scholarly journals The Three-Dimensional Characteristic of Fungiform Papillae and its Taste Buds in European Bison (Bison Bonasus), Cattle (Bos Taurus), and Bison Bonasus Hybrid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Plewa ◽  
Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk ◽  
Hanna Jackowiak
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gustatory Papillae

Abstract Background: Our recent macro- and scanning electron microscopic study of tongue and lingual papillae conducted on domesticated cattle, wild living European bison, and its Bison bonasus hybrid revealed the presence of morphologic differences between parental species and the hybrid. Analysis of gustatory papillae indicated the variable distribution of fungiform papillae (Fu) on the dorsal and ventral surface of the apex and body of the tongue to be important in taste perception during feeding and in the discussion concerning differentiated diet and living environments of studied ruminants. To specify detailed macro-and microstructure of Fu papillae, and its connective tissue cores (CTC) and taste buds, we have chosen for the first time the three-dimensional computer-aided analysis of serial histoslides resulted in the rendering of 3D reconstructions of Fu papillae, which allowed also determine the histomorphometric characteristic of studied papillae. Results and conclusions:For comparative analysis of 3D models of Fu papillae and taste buds were taken from six areas of each tongue provided data about the diversity of Fu papillae in studied ruminants. The calculations of the number and density of Fu papillae of the tongues allowed us to distinguish the ventral surface of the lingual apex and posterolateral surfaces of the lingual torus as two regions important in taste perception, i.e., in the preselection of taken food and analysis of food during rumination, respectively. For the first time were indicated differences in grade of protrusion of Fu papillae over the tongue surface, the presence of three structural types of CTC, and the exact number of taste buds per papilla. The quantitative data of the number of taste buds expanded the knowledge about regional differences of the taste system. Moreover, 3D imaging resulted in the first description of variable patterns of distribution of taste buds over the surface of each Fu papillae. The comparison of obtained results determined new species-specific features in examined hybridand its similarities of some features with cattle, i.e., maternal species. The 3D reconstruction method proved to be an innovative and efficient tool in evaluating microstructures of Fu papillae, and it could be a suitable tool for further studies of gustatory papillae and taste buds in mammals.

scholarly journals Impact of Fungiform Papillae Count on Taste Perception and Different Methods of Taste Assessment and their Clinical Applications: A comprehensive review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim M. Khan ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Reshma V. Jameela ◽  
Muhaseena Muhamood ◽  
Maryam F. Haqh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Sensation ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Investigative Techniques ◽  
Electrical Methods ◽  
Taste Assessment

Fungiform papillae are raised lingual structures which contain taste buds and thus play an important role in taste perception. These structures vary in number due to their relative sensitivity to a range of systemic and local factors which affect the dorsum of the tongue. Taste sensation can be measured using both chemical and electrical methods; however, the number of fungiform papillae has a direct effect on chemogustometric and electrogustometric values during evaluation. This review provides a general overview of fungiform papillae, their quantification methods and the various factors which may affect these structures. In addition, numerous methods of recording taste sensation and their clinical applications are highlighted.Keywords: Sensation; Taste; Taste Perception; Tongue; Taste Buds; Investigative Techniques.

scholarly journals Application of Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction to Scanning Electron Microscopy: Considerations for Volume Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. A. Rickard ◽  
Jéssica Fernanda Ramos Coelho ◽  
Joshua Hollick ◽  
Susannah Soon ◽  
Andrew Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Photogrammetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is an image processing technique used to develop digital 3D models from a series of two-dimensional images. This technique is commonly applied to optical photography though it can also be applied to microscopic imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The authors propose a method for the application of photogrammetry techniques to SEM micrographs in order to develop 3D models suitable for volumetric analysis. SEM operating parameters for image acquisition are explored and the relative effects discussed. This study considered a variety of microscopic samples, differing in size, geometry and composition, and found that optimal operating parameters vary with sample geometry. Evaluation of reconstructed 3D models suggests that the quality of the models strongly determines the accuracy of the volumetric measurements obtainable. In particular, they report on volumetric results achieved from a laser ablation pit and discuss considerations for data acquisition routines.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanometrology Based on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Stereophotogrammetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin N. Tondare ◽  
John S. Villarrubia ◽  
András E. Vladár
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Virtual Samples ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a sample surface from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images taken at two perspectives has been known for decades. Nowadays, there exist several commercially available stereophotogrammetry software packages. For testing these software packages, in this study we used Monte Carlo simulated SEM images of virtual samples. A virtual sample is a model in a computer, and its true dimensions are known exactly, which is impossible for real SEM samples due to measurement uncertainty. The simulated SEM images can be used for algorithm testing, development, and validation. We tested two stereophotogrammetry software packages and compared their reconstructed 3D models with the known geometry of the virtual samples used to create the simulated SEM images. Both packages performed relatively well with simulated SEM images of a sample with a rough surface. However, in a sample containing nearly uniform and therefore low-contrast zones, the height reconstruction error was ≈46%. The present stereophotogrammetry software packages need further improvement before they can be used reliably with SEM images with uniform zones.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks Predict Fish Abundance from Underlying Coral Reef Texture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Young ◽  
Vassileios Balntas ◽  
Victor Prisacariu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
A Priori ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
First Time

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth in large part owing to their unique three-dimensional (3D) structure, which provides niches for a variety of species. Metrics of structural complexity have been shown to correlate with the abundance and diversity of fish and other marine organisms, but they are imperfect representations of a surface that can oversimplify key structural elements and bias discoveries. Moreover, they require researchers to make relatively uninformed guesses about the features and spatial scales relevant to species of interest. This paper introduces a machine-learning method for automating inferences about fish abundance from reef 3D models. It demonstrates the capacity of a convolutional neural network (ConvNet) to learn ecological patterns that are extremely subtle, if not invisible, to the human eye. It is the first time in the literature that no a priori assumptions are made about the bathymetry–fish relationship.

Application of Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction to Scanning Electron Microscopy: Considerations for Volume Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (18) ◽  
pp. 60404-1-60404-9
Author(s):  
William D. A. Rickard ◽  
Jéssica Fernanda Ramos Coelho ◽  
Joshua Hollick ◽  
Susannah Soon ◽  
Andrew Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Photogrammetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is an image processing technique used to develop digital 3D models from a series of two-dimensional images. This technique is commonly applied to optical photography though it can also be applied to microscopic imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The authors propose a method for the application of photogrammetry techniques to SEM micrographs in order to develop 3D models suitable for volumetric analysis. SEM operating parameters for image acquisition are explored and the relative effects discussed. This study considered a variety of microscopic samples, differing in size, geometry and composition, and found that optimal operating parameters vary with sample geometry. Evaluation of reconstructed 3D models suggests that the quality of the models strongly determines the accuracy of the volumetric measurements obtainable. In particular, they report on volumetric results achieved from a laser ablation pit and discuss considerations for data acquisition routines.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

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