scholarly journals Statistical modeling of methylene blue degradation by yeast-bacteria consortium; optimization via agro-industrial waste, immobilization and application in real effluents

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Eltarahony ◽  
Esmail El-Fakharany ◽  
Marwa Abu-Serie ◽  
Marwa ElKady ◽  
Amany Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Freely Suspended ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe progress in industrialization everyday life has led to the continuous entry of several anthropogenic compounds, including dyes, into surrounding ecosystem causing arduous concerns for human health and biosphere. Therefore, microbial degradation of dyes is considered an eco-efficient and cost-competitive alternative to physicochemical approaches. These degradative biosystems mainly depend on the utilization of nutritive co-substrates such as yeast extract peptone in conjunction with glucose. Herein, a synergestic interaction between strains of mixed-culture consortium consisting of Rhodotorula sp., Raoultella planticola; and Staphylococcus xylosus was recruited in methylene blue (MB) degradation using agro-industrial waste as an economic and nutritive co-substrate. Via statistical means such as Plackett–Burman design and central composite design, the impact of significant nutritional parameters on MB degradation was screened and optimized. Predictive modeling denoted that complete degradation of MB was achieved within 72 h at MB (200 mg/L), NaNO3 (0.525 gm/L), molasses (385 μL/L), pH (7.5) and inoculum size (18%). Assessment of degradative enzymes revealed that intracellular NADH-reductase and DCIP-reductase were key enzymes controlling degradation process by 104.52 ± 1.75 and 274.04 ± 3.37 IU/min/mg protein after 72 h of incubation. In addition, azoreductase, tyrosinase, laccase, nitrate reductase, MnP and LiP also contributed significantly to MB degradation process. Physicochemical monitoring analysis, namely UV−Visible spectrophotometry and FTIR of MB before treatment and degradation byproducts indicated deterioration of azo bond and demethylation. Moreover, the non-toxic nature of degradation byproducts was confirmed by phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays. Chlorella vulgaris retained its photosynthetic capability (˃ 85%) as estimated from Chlorophyll-a/b contents compared to ˃ 30% of MB-solution. However, the viability of Wi-38 and Vero cells was estimated to be 90.67% and 99.67%, respectively, upon exposure to MB-metabolites. Furthermore, an eminent employment of consortium either freely-suspended or immobilized in plain distilled water and optimized slurry in a bioaugmentation process was implemented to treat MB in artificially-contaminated municipal wastewater and industrial effluent. The results showed a corporative interaction between the consortium examined and co-existing microbiota; reflecting its compatibility and adaptability with different microbial niches in different effluents with various physicochemical contents.

scholarly journals Green synthesis of the plant assisted nanoparticles from Euphorbia neriifolia L. and its application in the degradation of dyes from industrial waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385
Author(s):  
Shubhada S Nayak ◽  
Gurumeet C Wadhawa ◽  
K B Pathade ◽  
Vitthal S Shivankar ◽  
Nitin A Mirgane
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
The World ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Fast Development

In the world industries are growing very rapidly resulting in fast development. Various industries are coming up such as that of dyes, paints, pharmaceuticals etc. Dyes are used in various industries and release pollutants in the environment. It is necessary to remove such pollutants from the environment. Euphorbia neriifolia L. grow as the weed in the forests of the konkan region in waste land area. This weed is a typical latex bearing plant. This latex can be converted into the powder under sun drying process. This powder can be used for the preparation of Fe nanoparticles. The plant assisted synthesized nanoparticles have good particle size, morphology and band gap. These nanoparticles used for the degradation of the dye like Methylene Blue and Methylene Red from the industrial waste. It gives very good results. We can develop new catalyst for the degradation of the dyes from the industrial waste. It act as good catalyst by the simple non form of the catalyst. This catalyst is derived from the plant Euphorbia neriifolia L. latex.

scholarly journals Current insights into the implications of m6A RNA methylation and autophagy interaction in human diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechai Chen ◽  
Jianan Wang ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
M6a Rna Methylation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAutophagy is a conserved degradation process crucial to maintaining the primary function of cellular and organismal metabolism. Impaired autophagy could develop numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, and the fate of m6A modified transcripts is controlled by m6A RNA binding proteins. m6A modification influences mRNA alternative splicing, stability, translation, and subcellular localization. Intriguingly, recent studies show that m6A RNA methylation could alter the expression of essential autophagy-related (ATG) genes and influence the autophagy function. Thus, both m6A modification and autophagy could play a crucial role in the onset and progression of various human diseases. In this review, we summarize the latest studies describing the impact of m6A modification in autophagy regulation and discuss the role of m6A modification-autophagy axis in different human diseases, including obesity, heart disease, azoospermatism or oligospermatism, intervertebral disc degeneration, and cancer. The comprehensive understanding of the m6A modification and autophagy interplay may help in interpreting their impact on human diseases and may aid in devising future therapeutic strategies.

Overview of EAF Screening Results on the 900 MWe NPP French Fleet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Métais ◽  
Nicolas Robert ◽  
Pierre Genette ◽  
Nicolas Etchegaray
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
The Usa ◽  
License Renewal ◽  
The Impact

In the wake of numerous experimental tests carried out in air and also in a PWR environment, both abroad and in France, an update of the current thermal fatigue codification is underway in France. Proposals are currently being integrated in the RCC-M code [1]. In parallel, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of codification evolution on the RCS components. In the USA, such evaluations have already been implemented for license renewal to operate power plants beyond their initial 40 years of operation. In order to reduce the scope of the calculations to perform, a preliminary screening was carried out on the various areas of the primary system components: this screening is detailed in an EPRI report [2]. The output of this screening process is a list of locations that are most prone to EAF degradation process and it is on these zones only that detailed EAF calculations are carried out. In France, a similar approach was defined in the perspective of the fourth ten-year visit of the 900 MWe plants (VD4 900 MWe) so as to map out all the locations that are most impacted by EAF and hence concentrate the calculation effort on these specific areas for the VD4 900 MWe. In that respect, a specific methodology to evaluate the factor to account for environmental effects or Fen [3] based on correlations [4] for hot and cold shocks was established. These correlations use data that is readily accessible in transient description documents and stress reports such as temperature change, heat transfer coefficients, ramp duration and geometry. The need for these correlations is specific to the French context due to a need for a preliminary and yet precise idea of the overall impact of the modifications brought to the RCC-M code in fatigue before the VD4 900 MWe. This paper presents the results of the screening method that was applied to the whole RCS of the 900 MWe NPP fleet.

Impact of Lockdown on Health of the Yamuna river at Delhi Stretch, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANOJ KUMAR SHUKLA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Present study points out the impact of Lockdown on the health of the Yamuna river at Delhi stretch by comparing prelockdown and Post-lockdown period by studying the reports of pollution monitoring agencies. Delhi segment of the Yamuna is highly polluted, where alongwith domestic sewage a huge quantity of industrial waste is being discharged continuously without proper treatment. Pre lockdown (March 2020) water quality parameters at three sampling stations named as Palla, Nizammuddin Bridge and Okhla barrage U/s in Delhi were, pH were 8.7, 7.3 and 7.2, DO were 17.1 mg/L, not detected in later two sites, BOD were 7.9 mg/L, 57 mg/L and 27 mg/L and COD were 28 mg/L, 90 mg/L and 95 mg/L respectively and postlockdown period (April 2020) the pH was 7.8, 7.2 and 7.1, DO was 8.3 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L BOD was 2 mg/L, 5.6 mg/ L and 6.1 mg/L and COD were 6 mg/L, 16 mg/L and 18 mg/L respectively. The study of these parameters at three sampling stations reveals that the lack of industrial pollutants discharging due to nationwide lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic had positive effect on water quality of this river. Water quality could be maintained by planned establishment of industries and setup of ETP with without gap between generation and treatment.

Abstract 340: Short Telomeres Induce Autophagy and Modulate Cardiac Progenitor Cell Fate

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Hariharan ◽  
Collin Matsumoto ◽  
Jacqueline Emathinger ◽  
Saba Daneshpooy ◽  
Minyoung Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cardiac Progenitor Cell ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
The Impact

Aging severely limits myocardial regeneration. Delineating the impact of age-associated factors such as short telomeres is critical to enhance the regenerative potential of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We hypothesize that short telomeres induce autophagy and elicit the age-associated change in cardiac progenitor cell fate. We compared mouse strains with different telomere lengths (TL) for phenotypic characteristics of aging and also isolated CPCs from them. Naturally occurring wild mouse strain Mus musculus castaneus (CAST) possessing short telomeres (TL:18Kb) exhibits early cardiac aging with diastolic dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis and increase in senescence markers p53 and p16, as compared to common lab strains FVB (TL:75Kb) and C57 (TL:50Kb). CAST CPCs with short TLs have altered cell fate as characterized by slower proliferation (p<0.01); increased senescence identified by beta-galactosidase activity (p<0.05); increased basal commitment as determined by expression of lineage markers smooth muscle actin, Tie2, and sarcomeric actinin (16.6, 1.7 and 1.75, p<0.05); as well as loss of quiescence marker expression. Consistent findings of altered cell fate are also evident in old CPCs isolated from aged mice with significantly shorter TLs. Cell fate changes occurring downstream from short TL are at least partially p53 dependent, as p53 inhibition rescues the irreversible cell cycle arrest observed in CAST CPCs. Mechanistically, short TLs induce autophagy, a catabolic protein degradation process. Autophagy flux is increased in CAST CPCs as evidenced by increased LC3 (p<0.05), reduced p62 expression (-52%, p<0.05) and increased accumulation of autophagic puncta. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagosome formation, but not autolysosome formation reverses the cell fate to a more youthful phenotype. Overall the data suggests that short TLs activate autophagy to accommodate cell fate changes that tip the equilibrium away from quiescence and proliferation into differentiation and senescence, leading to age-associated exhaustion of CPCs. The study provides the mechanistic basis underlying age-associated cell fate changes that will enable identification of molecular strategies to enhance the therapeutic effects of aged CPCs.

Reduction and accumulation of methylene blue by the lung

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1480-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bongard ◽  
G. S. Krenz ◽  
J. H. Linehan ◽  
D. L. Roerig ◽  
M. P. Merker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
The Impact

We studied the disposition of methylene blue added to the perfusate passing through isolated perfused rabbit lungs. Experiments were carried out in a recirculating or single-pass mode, the latter with either a steady infusion or bolus injection of the dye in its blue oxidized form (MB+) or in its colorless reduced leukomethylene blue form (MBH). The recirculation experiments revealed that the dye was taken up by the lungs and that a substantial fraction (approximately 16%) of the MB+ entering the pulmonary artery was reduced before it emerged from the pulmonary veins. Sequestration of the dye by the lungs was a relatively slow process, and the blue color of the lungs at a time when there was little dye left in the perfusate suggests that much of the sequestered dye was in the oxidized form. The results from the single-pass bolus and steady infusion experiments suggest that MBH diffuses rapidly between perfusate and tissue and that it is more soluble in the tissue than in the perfusates used in the study. In this context, the concept of “solubility” includes the impact of the rapidly equilibrating associations of the dye with the perfusate albumin and tissue components. The observed characteristics of the disposition of the methylene blue within the lungs and the rapid rate of its reduction on passage through the lungs suggest that it may be useful to evaluate the possibility that changes in reduction, uptake, and/or sequestration rates may reflect alterations in the metabolic function of the lungs.

Impact of a wastewater treatment plant on Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts occurring in a surface water

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carraro ◽  
E. Fea ◽  
S. Salva ◽  
G. Gilli
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the receiving water. All MWTP effluent samples were Giardia and Cryptosporidium contaminated, although low mean values were found for both parasites (0.21±0.06 oocysts/L; 1.39±0.51 cysts/L). Otherwise, in the raw sewage a greater concentration was detected (4.5±0.3 oocysts/L; 53.6±6.8 cysts/L). The major occurrence of Giardia over Cryptosporidium, both in the influent and in the effluent of the MWTP, is probably related to the human sewage contribution to the wastewater. Data on protozoa contamination of the receiving water body demonstrated similar concentrations in the samples collected before (0.21±0.07 oocysts/L; 1.31±0.38 cysts/L) and after (0.17±0.09 oocysts/L and 1.01±1.05 cysts/L) the plant effluent discharge. The results of this study suggest that the MWTP has no impact related to Giardia and Cryptosporidium river water contamination, and underline the need for investigation into the effectiveness of these protozoa removal by less technologically advanced MWTPs which are the most widespread and could probably show a lower ability to reduce protozoa.

A proposed sustainable BNR plant with the emphasis on recovery of COD and phosphate

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-D. Hao ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Water problems have to be solved in an integrated way, and sustainability has become a major issue. For this reason, developing more sustainable wastewater treatment processes is needed. New discoveries and good understanding on microbial conversions of nitrogen and phosphorus make more sustainable processes possible. New options for decentralized sustainable sanitation are generally compared to conventional sewage systems, we think that for a proper comparison also innovative centralized treatment schemes should be evaluated. In this article, a more sustainable WWTP is proposed for municipal wastewater treatment, mainly based on the principles of denitrifying dephosphatation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). The proposed system consists of a first stage of the A/B process in which maximal sludge production is achieved. In this way, COD is regained as sludge for methanation. The following BCFS® and CANON processes can remove N and P with minimal or no COD need. As a potential fertiliser, struvite can easily be removed from the sludge water by adding magnesium compounds. A case study is done on the basis of the mass balance over the proposed plant. The effluent from the system has a good quality to be recycled. This could also make a contribution to meeting the world's water needs and lessening the impact on the world's water environment. Since all the separate units are already applied or tested on pilot-scale, no problems for technical implementation are foreseen.

Studies of Degradation in Nichia AlGaN/InGaN/GaN Blue Light Emitting Diodes Under Close to Normal Operating Conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Osiński ◽  
D. L. Barton ◽  
C. J. Helms ◽  
P. Perlin ◽  
N. H. Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
High Pulsed Current ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe reliability of devices fabricated in GaN and related alloys, especially under high current densities as would be found in lasers, has yet to be fully characterized. Our previous work [1] investigated the degradation of GaN-based blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) under high pulsed current stress. This work indicated a possible correlation between the high crystal defect density and failures caused by metal migration along these defect tubes. To assess the impact of this data on devices under more normal conditions, several LEDs from both older and more recent production lots were placed in a controlled temperature and current environment for several thousand hours. The test started with a constant 20 mA current for the first 1000 hours and continued for another 1650 hours at various currents up to 70 mA, all at a temperature of 23 °C. During this test, one of the older generation LED's output degraded by more than 50%. Subsequent failure analysis showed that this was caused by a crack which isolated part of the active region from the p-contact. The remaining LEDs were returned to life testing where the temperature was subsequently increased by 5 °C after each 500 hours of testing. The output from one of the newer LEDs dreiven at 70 mA degraded to 55% of its original value after 3600 hours and a second newer LED degraded by a similar amount after 4400 hours. The first failure, LED #16, did not exhibit a significant change in its I-V characteristics indicating that a change in the package transparency was a likely cause for the observed degradation. The second failure, LED #17, did show a noticeable change in its I-V characteristics. This device was subsequently returned to life testing where the degradation process will be monitored for further changes.

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