Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technologies For Reuse, Recycle, And Recovery: Advantages, Disadvantages, And Gaps.

To reduce demand and discharge, instead of industrial wastewater being poorly treated and disposed of, it can be recycled, reused, or recovered if it is properly managed, thus having a substantial decrease in the water requirement and environmental impacts. The challenge is to select the appropriate process or combination of processes to achieve this based on the wastewater quality. Consequently, the objective of this investigation is to review every technology from conventional through advanced, for reliable and sustainable wastewater treatment and derived sludges, focusing on advantages, disadvantages, and technical gaps for development. Even though there is a wide range of possible technologies, it was evinced that there is huge potential to exploit and make them economically and sustainably viable for waste processing and circular economy, even in the mature massively implemented wastewater treatment technologies in the industry. Overall, we identify that independently from the technology to be studied, the future investigations on every unit, especially on those not vastly implemented, should be focused on: (1) The capacity in removing selected pollutants and decreasing impurities, (2) energy efficiency, (3) environmental safety, (4) economic viability, (5) hybrid processes, and (6) sustainability by waste processing.

Adsorption of Zn2+ from Synthetic Wastewater Using Dried Watermelon Rind (D-WMR): An Overview of Nonlinear and Linear Regression and Error Analysis

Sustainable wastewater treatment is one of the biggest issues of the 21st century. Metals such as Zn2+ have been released into the environment due to rapid industrial development. In this study, dried watermelon rind (D-WMR) is used as a low-cost adsorption material to assess natural adsorbents’ ability to remove Zn2+ from synthetic wastewater. D-WMR was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). According to the results of the analysis, the D-WMR has two colours, white and black, and a significant concentration of mesoporous silica (83.70%). Moreover, after three hours of contact time in a synthetic solution with 400 mg/L Zn2+ concentration at pH 8 and 30 to 40 °C, the highest adsorption capacity of Zn2+ onto 1.5 g D-WMR adsorbent dose with 150 μm particle size was 25 mg/g. The experimental equilibrium data of Zn2+ onto D-WMR was utilized to compare nonlinear and linear isotherm and kinetics models for parameter determination. The best models for fitting equilibrium data were nonlinear Langmuir and pseudo-second models with lower error functions. Consequently, the potential use of D-WMR as a natural adsorbent for Zn2+ removal was highlighted, and error analysis indicated that nonlinear models best explain the adsorption data.

Study on the Choice of Wastewater Treatment Process Based on the Emergy Theory

With the increase in industrialization and urbanization, water pollution has become increasingly serious, and wastewater treatment has become a common step in preventing this. For a greater understanding of the sustainability of different wastewater treatment systems, two processes, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor + Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic and Anaerobic Baffled Reactor + Cyclic Activated Sludge System, were selected, and their sustainability was evaluated based on three indicators, namely emergy yield ratio, environmental load rate, and emergy sustainability development index, according to emergy theory. The results show that the emergy yield ratio and environmental load rate of the ABR + CASS process were lower than those of the ABR + A2/O process, and the emergy sustainability development index of the ABR + CASS process was higher than that of the ABR + A2/O process, showing better sustainability. The research methods and findings of this study play an important role for decision makers in selecting sustainable wastewater treatment processes.

Effect of vibration on the efficiency of ultrafiltration

Nowadays, several environmental challenges are present to cope with. One with outstanding importance is the protection of our water supplies, therefore examination of wastewater treatment technology is a priority, especially in the European Union. In this work, the effect of membrane module vibration amplitude on the efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in a vibratory shear enhanced membrane filtration system. Based on the results of model dairy effluent UF and statistical analysis, the maximum vibration level available resulted in the most efficient filtration process, due to the most significant reduction of membrane fouling. From our results it was observed that the permeate fluxes more than doubled, specific energy demand was roughly halved, with almost identical retentions for organic matter, and total filtration resistance was reduced to less than half. Results also showed that setting the optimal operating parameters, an advantageous, efficiency focused, and sustainable wastewater treatment technology can be established.

A Systematic Review of Drivers of Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Technology Adoption

In this systematic review we explore the forces that encourage or hinder the adoption of wastewater treatment and/or management technology. Our literature search uncovered 37 sources that discuss these issues. Retrieved sources were then subjected to qualitative synthesis. We adopted a systems-theory perspective in analyzing the qualitative data and provide insights into the interaction between the political environment and societal and organizational systems. Our findings indicate that sustainable change can best be achieved through understanding the interaction between systems and their actual capability to meet the needs of related systems. Societal-level systems emerge as having the possibility to influence the political environment as well as organizations.

SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN PROTECTED IRRIGATED RADISH CULTIVATION

SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN PROTECTED IRRIGATED RADISH CULTIVATION PATRÍCIA FERREIRA DA SILVA1; RIGOBERTO MOREIRA DE MATOS2; JOSÉ DANTAS NETO3; JOÃO HENRIQUE DE ANDRADE CABRAL4; VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA5 E MARIA SALLYDELÂNDIA SOBRAL DE FARIAS6 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 5 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário,58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 6 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário,58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT The sustainable treatment of wastewater can be an alternative to irrigated agriculture, aiming to mitigate the effects of water scarcity in regions that suffer with this issue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sustainable treatment of wastewater on the irrigation of radish cultivated in greenhouses. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks a 3x3 factorial scheme, with the factors being three qualities of water (water treated by wetland, water treated by wetland + UASB and control treatment (water from the local supply system)) and three micro-irrigation systems (subsurface drip, surface drip and micro sprinkler), with four replications. Waters treated by sustainable systems such as wetland and wetland + UASB, were not considered suitable for irrigation of leafy crops according to the guidelines of CONAMA resolution 357/2005. The sustainable treatment wetland + UASB and drip irrigation showed the best results in growth and production of radish. The radish root diameters were within the range considered ideal by the consumer market. Further studies with combinations of sustainable water treatment systems are needed aiming to frame the treated wastewater quality to the requirements of CONAMA resolution 357 for irrigation of leafy crops. Keywords: reactor UASB, wetland, Raphanus sativus, reuse, microirrigation. SILVA, P. F.; MATOS, R. M.; DANTAS NETO, J.; CABRAL, J. H. A.; LIMA, V. L. A.; FARIAS, M. S. S. TRATAMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DA ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA NO CULTIVO DE RABANETE IRRIGADO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO 2 RESUMO O tratamento sustentável das águas residuárias pode ser uma alternativa para a agricultura irrigada, visando mitigar os efeitos da escassez hídrica em regiões que sofrem com esta problemática. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito do tratamento sustentável de água residuária no cultivo de rabanete irrigado em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x3, sendo os fatores: três qualidades de água (água tratada por wetland, água tratada por wetland+UASB e tratamento testemunha (água do sistema de abastecimento local)) e três sistemas de microirrigação (gotejamento subsuperficial, gotejamento superficial e microaspersão, com quatro repetições. As águas tratadas por sistemas sustentáveis como wetland e wetland+UASB, não foram consideradas próprias para irrigação de culturas folhosas conforme as diretrizes da resolução do CONAMA 357/2005. O tratamento sustentável wetland+UASB e irrigação por gotejamento evidenciaram os melhores resultados em crescimento e produção de rabanete. Os diâmetros das raízes do rabanete ficaram dentro da faixa considerada ideal pelo mercado consumidor. São necessários mais estudos com combinações de sistemas sustentáveis de tratamento de água visando enquadrar a qualidade da água residuária tratada nas exigências da resolução CONAMA 357 para irrigação de culturas folhosas. Palavras-chave: reator UASB, wetland, Raphanus sativus, reúso, microirrigação.

Wastewater Treatment for Heavy Metals and Dyes Using Low-Cost Biosorbents: A Review

The pollution of industrial wastewater with heavy metals and dyes is a highly important environmental problem, because of the propagation of the pollution and because of its unfavourable consequences. Sustainable wastewater treatment is one of the foremost challenges of this century. Various waste materials characterized by lignocellulose composition are low cost, non-conventional adsorbent for biosorptive removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Recent studies point to the potential of use of low-cost materials (zeolites, carrot residue and green tea waste) as effective sorbents for the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solution. The use of bentonite to the treatment of wastewater containing reactive dyes in aqueous solutions requires the modification of the hydrophilic surface by inorganic cations with organic cations exchange. The use of bentonite as an inexpensive sorbent for the removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from synthetic aqueous solutions has been also presented in recent studies. The influence of some parameters such as: pH, initial dye concentration, sorbent dose on sorption kinetics for dye removal has been reviewed in this paper.