Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria cases in North-Western Province, Zambia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Imported malaria is a major challenge for countries that are in malaria elimination stage such as Zambia. Legitimate cross-border activities add to the risk of transmission, necessitating determination of prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 consented child and adult patients with clinical malaria symptoms, from selected health facilities in north-western Zambia. Patient demographic data and blood samples for malaria microscopy and full blood count were obtained. Chi-square and penalized logistic regression were performed to describe the characteristics and assess the risk factors of imported and local malaria in North-Western Province. Results Overall, malaria prevalence was 78.6% with 93.8% Plasmodium falciparum and 6.2% other species. The local cases were 72 (88.9%) while the imported were 9 (11.1%) out of the 81 positive participants. About 98.6% of the local cases were P. falciparum compared to 55.6% (χ2 = 52.4; p < 0.01) P. falciparum among the imported cases. Among the imported cases, 44% were species other than P. falciparum (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01) while among the local cases only 1.4% were. Gametocytes were present in 44% of the imported malaria cases and only in 2.8% of the local cases (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01). About 48.6% of local participants had severe anaemia compared to 33.3% of participants from the two neighbouring countries who had (χ2 = 4.9; p = 0.03). In the final model, only country of residence related positively to presence of species other than P. falciparum (OR = 39.0, CI [5.9, 445.9]; p < 0.01) and presence of gametocytes (OR = 23.1, CI [4.2, 161.6]; p < 0.01). Conclusion Malaria prevalence in North-Western Province is high, with P. falciparum as the predominant species although importation of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae is happening as well. Country of residence of patients is a major risk factor for malaria species and gametocyte presence. The need for enhanced malaria control with specific focus on border controls to detect and treat, for specific diagnosis and treatment according to species obtaining, for further research in the role of species and gametocytaemia in imported malaria, cannot be overemphasized.

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Microcytic and Malarial Anaemia Prevalence in Urban Children ≤15 Years in the Mount Cameroon Area: A Cross-Sectional Study on Risk Factors

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2021/5712309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Sharon Odmia Sama ◽

Seraphine Njuontsop Chiamo ◽

Germain Sotoing Taiwe ◽

Gwendolyne Elobe Njume ◽

Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Microcytic Anaemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mount Cameroon ◽

Child Age

Background. Anaemia, a common nutritional deficiency, is a public health problem in the Mount Cameroon area. This study determined the prevalence and possible risk factors of microcytic and malarial anaemia in children less than ≤15 years residing in the Buea and Limbe municipalities in the Mount Cameroon area. Methods. A total of 566 children were clinically examined in a cross-sectional study from December 2018 to August 2019 for anaemia and malaria parasites. Blood samples collected were used in evaluating full blood count with the aid of an automated haemoanalyser, and malaria parasite was confirmed by microscopy. Anaemia was defined based on WHO standards while microcytic anaemia and malarial anaemia were defined as microcytosis + anaemia and malaria + anaemia, respectively. Factors that showed significance in the bivariate analysis were entered into a multinomial logistic regression to determine risk factors for microcytic and malarial anaemia. Results. The overall prevalence for anaemia, microcytosis, microcytic anaemia, and malarial anaemia was, respectively, 68.7%, 48.9%, 36.9%, and 19.6% with microcytic anaemia representing 53.7% of all anaemic cases. Risk factors for microcytic anaemia included child age of 1–5 years P = 0.007 , forest ethnicity P = 0.019 , parents being farmers P = 0.038 or jobless P = 0.009 , and having moderate malaria parasitaemia P = 0.048 while those for malarial anaemia were child age of 6–10 years P = 0.008 , parents’ age of 26–35 years P = 0.049 , parents being jobless P = 0.023 , and consuming plantains 3-4 times P = 0.024 a week. Conclusion. Microcytic anaemia is getting to be a severe public health concern while malarial anaemia is a mild public health issue in children residing in urban areas of Mount Cameroon. Parents’ occupation was directly linked to all anaemia forms; hence, any intervention to curb anaemia should consider aspects that will raise the socioeconomic status of the population.

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Common Mental Disorders in Mothers of Children Attending Out-patient Malnutrition Clinics in Rural North-western Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-77443/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aminu Taura Abdullahi ◽

Zubaida Ladan Farouk ◽

Abdulazeez Imam

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North Western

Abstract BackgroundChildren with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition are managed routinely within out-patient malnutrition treatment programs. These programs do not offer maternal mental health support services, despite maternal mental health playing a significant role in the nutritional status of children. Additionally, the burden of maternal Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) is poorly described among mothers of children attending these programs. This study thus determined the burden and risk factors for maternal CMDs among children attending out-patient malnutrition clinics in rural North-western Nigeria.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 204 mothers of children with severe acute malnutrition who attending eight out-patient malnutrition clinics in Jigawa, North-western Nigeria. We used the World Health Organization Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (WHO SRQ-20) screening tool, a recognised and validated proxy measure for CMDs to identify mothers with CMDs. The prevalence of maternal CMDs was determined by identifying the proportion of mothers with SRQ scores of ≥8. Risk factors for CMD were determined using multivariable logistic regression. ResultsMaternal CMD prevalence in children attending these facilities was high at 40.7%. Non-receipt of oral polio vaccine (OPV) (AOR 6.23, 95%CI 1.85 to 20.92) increased the odds for CMD. While spousal age above 40 (AOR 0.95, 95%CI 0.90 to 0.99) and long years spent married (AOR 0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 0.98) decreased the odds for CMD. ConclusionsOur findings indicate maternal CMD burden is high in out-patient malnutrition clinics in North-western Nigeria. Maternal mental health services would need to be integrated into the community management of acute malnutrition programs to provide more holistic care, and possibly improve long-term outcomes after discharge from these programs

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Risk factors for mortality among tuberculosis patients on treatment at Bugando Medical Centre in north-western Tanzania: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Tanzania Journal of Health Research ◽

10.4314/thrb.v18i4.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel W. Gunda ◽

Semvua B. Kilonzo ◽

Salum M. Bulegesi ◽

Bonaventura C.T. Mpondo ◽

Elichilia R. Shao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Bugando Medical ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Bugando Medical Centre ◽

North Western

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Though it can effectively be treated, still a significant proportion of patients die on the course of their treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome and risk factors of mortality among patients diagnosed with TB in a tertiary hospital in north-western Tanzania.Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was done among all patients diagnosed with TB between January and December 2015 at Bugando Medical Centre. Information of demographic characteristics, smear positivity, haemoglobin concentration, HIV status, CD4 counts for HIV positive patients and treatment outcomes were collected and analysed. TB treatment outcomes as dead or alive were calculated and logistic regression was done to determine the factors associated with increased risk of death of patients on anti-TB treatment.Results: In total 701 patients were diagnosed with TB during the study period. Of these, 361 (51.5%) were males with a median age of 38 (IQR 27- 47) and 421 (60.06%) were younger than 40 years. Majority of the participants 409 (58.35%) had smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and about half of patients (51.07%) tested positive for HIV. Of the enrolled patients 610 (87.02%) were alive at the end of TB treatment while 91 (12.98%) died in the course of treatment. The odds of deaths of patients on anti-TB treatment were strongly associated with male sex, HIV co infection and severe anaemia.Conclusion: The proportion of patients who die from TB treatment at BMC is high, with an increased risk of death among HIV co-infected, older than 40 years and severely anaemic patients. Improvement of strategies for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of TB patients will potentially improve treatment outcome.

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Hypertension prevalence and risk factors in rural and urban Zambian adults in western province: a cross-sectional study

Pan African Medical Journal ◽

10.11604/pamj.2018.30.97.14717 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kathy Lynn Rush ◽

Fastone Matthew Goma ◽

Jessica Amelia Barker ◽

Rachel Ann Ollivier ◽

Matthew Scott Ferrier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Prevalence ◽

Western Province ◽

Rural And Urban

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Common mental disorders in mothers of children attending out-patient malnutrition clinics in rural North-western Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10227-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aminu T. Abdullahi ◽

Zubaida L. Farouk ◽

Abdulazeez Imam

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North Western

Abstract Background Children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition are managed routinely within out-patient malnutrition treatment programs. These programs do not offer maternal mental health support services, despite maternal mental health playing a significant role in the nutritional status of children. Additionally, the burden of maternal Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) is poorly described among mothers of children attending these programs. This study thus determined the burden and risk factors for maternal CMDs among children attending out-patient malnutrition clinics in rural North-western Nigeria. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 204 mothers of children with severe acute malnutrition who attending eight out-patient malnutrition clinics in Jigawa, North-western Nigeria. We used the World Health Organization Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (WHO SRQ-20) screening tool, a recognised and validated proxy measure for CMDs to identify mothers with CMDs. The prevalence of maternal CMDs was determined by identifying the proportion of mothers with SRQ scores of ≥8. Risk factors for CMD were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Results Maternal CMD prevalence in children attending these facilities was high at 40.7%. Non-receipt of oral polio vaccine (OPV) (AOR 6.23, 95%CI 1.85 to 20.92) increased the odds for CMD. While spousal age above 40 (AOR 0.95, 95%CI 0.90 to 0.99) and long years spent married (AOR 0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 0.98) decreased the odds for CMD. Conclusions Our findings indicate maternal CMD burden is high in out-patient malnutrition clinics in North-western Nigeria. Maternal mental health services would need to be integrated into the community management of acute malnutrition programs to provide more holistic care, and possibly improve long-term outcomes after discharge from these programs.

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Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

BMC Hematology ◽

10.1186/s12878-017-0081-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ismail Dragon Legason ◽

Alex Atiku ◽

Ronald Ssenyonga ◽

Peter Olupot-Olupot ◽

John Banson Barugahare

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Western Uganda ◽

North Western

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Malaria Prevalence, Spatial Clustering and Risk Factors in a Low Endemic Area of Eastern Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0069443 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e69443 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Stephen Rulisa ◽

Fredrick Kateera ◽

Jean Pierre Bizimana ◽

Steven Agaba ◽

Javier Dukuzumuremyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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PRRSV: Risikofaktoren und Herdenprävalenz in Deutschland

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.1055/a-0867-8990 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (02) ◽

pp. 132-132

Author(s):

Sebastian Ganz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Klinische Symptome

Nathues C, Janssen E, Duengelhoef A et al. Cross-sectional study on risk factors for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus sow herd instability in German breeding herds. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60 (1): 1–8 In mit PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom Virus) infizierten Schweinebeständen zeigen die Tiere oftmals ernsthafte klinische Symptome. Die Schwere der Symptomatik hängt von der Virulenz der jeweiligen Virusstämme ab. Deshalb ist die Impfung gegen diesen Erreger sinnvoll und wird empfohlen, auch wenn sie nicht immer klinische Fälle verhindert bzw. das Virus vollends eliminiert. Aufgrund dessen rückt die Prävention durch Verbesserung der innerbetrieblichen Abläufe zunehmend in den Fokus. Um solche Maßnahmen erfolgreich etablieren zu können, ist es wichtig, den epidemiologischen Status der Herde und mögliche Risikofaktoren zu kennen. Ziel der Studie war deshalb, die Prävalenz der Infektion in Sauenbetrieben in Norddeutschland zu eruieren und verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe hinsichtlich des Risikos der Erregerverbreitung zu untersuchen.

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