scholarly journals Effects of treadmill with different intensities on bone quality and muscle properties in adult rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhehao Liu ◽  
Jiazi Gao ◽  
He Gong
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Adult Rats

Abstract Background Bone is a dynamically hierarchical material that can be divided into length scales of several orders of magnitude. Exercise can cause bone deformation, which in turn affects bone mass and structure. This study aimed to study the effects of treadmill running with different intensities on the long bone integrity and muscle biomechanical properties of adult male rats. Methods Forty-eight 5-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: i.e., sedentary group (SED), exercise with speed of 12 m/min group (EX12), 16 m/min group (EX16), and 20 m/min group (EX20). The exercise was carried out for 30 min every day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The femurs were examined using three-point bending test, microcomputer tomography scanning and nanoindentation test; the soleus muscle was dissected for tensile test; ALP and TRACP concentrations were measured by serum analysis. Results The failure load was significantly increased by the EX12 group, whereas the elastic modulus was not significantly changed. The microstructure and mineral densities of the trabecular and cortical bone were significantly improved by the EX12 group. The mechanical properties of the soleus muscle were significantly increased by treadmill exercise. Bone formation showed significant increase by the EX12 group. Statistically higher nanomechanical properties of cortical bone were detected in the EX12 group. Conclusion The speed of 12 m/min resulted in significant changes in the microstructure and biomechanical properties of bone; besides, it significantly increased the ultimate load of the soleus muscle. The different intensities of treadmill running in this study provide an experimental basis for the selection of exercise intensity for adult male rats.

EFFECTS OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND IN INTACT IMMATURE AND ADULT MALE RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. EL SAFOURY ◽  
A. BARTKE
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on plasma testosterone levels were examined in hypophysectomized and in intact immature and adult male rats. The animals were injected with saline, LH, FSH, or both gonadotrophins twice daily for 3·5 days and were killed 3 h after the last injection. Plasma testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In immature hypophysectomized rats, plasma testosterone levels were not changed by treatment with LH, FSH or LH plus FSH. The weight of the testes and of the seminal vesicles was increased only in animals injected with both LH and FSH. In adult hypophysectomized rats, LH caused the expected increase in plasma testosterone levels, while FSH injected alone had no effect. Plasma testosterone levels in rats treated with 5 μg LH and 20 μg FSH were significantly greater than those in animals given 5 μg LH alone. However, the same dose of FSH did not potentiate the action of 25 μg LH on plasma testosterone levels. In adult hypophysectomized rats the weight of testes was not affected by any of the treatments. The weight of the seminal vesicles was increased by the higher dose of LH and addition of FSH caused no further increase. In intact immature and adult rats plasma testosterone levels and the weight of testes were not changed by any of the treatments. Seminal vesicle weight was increased only in adult rats treated with the higher dose of LH together with FSH. The results demonstrate that FSH potentiates the action of low doses of LH on plasma testosterone levels in adult hypophysectomized rats and suggest that FSH may be involved in the regulation of androgen secretion by the rat testis.

Urethral plug-a new secondary male sex characteristic in rat and other rodents

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Kunstýř ◽  
Werner Küpper ◽  
Herwig Weisser ◽  
Susanne Naumann ◽  
Claus Messow
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Vaginal Plug ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Proximal Urethra

The plug is an eosinophilic mass, partly homogenous and partly porous, filling the proximal urethra in rats and occasionally extending into the bladder. Its average weight in 131 adult rats was 0·063 g. These plugs are normally present in the urethra of adult male rats, and this seems to be the case for all laboratory Muridae and Cavidae. The absence of a plug in an adult male may be a sign of abnormality associated with failing health. There is an interesting similarity between the amino acid composition of the content of seminal vesicles, that of the urethral plug, and that of the copulatory vaginal plug in female rodents.

Effect of treadmill running on the expression of genes that are involved in neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of adult male rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 276/a-283/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Mojtahedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kordi ◽  
Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini ◽  
Simin Fallah Omran ◽  
Masoud Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Short-term exercise training early in life restores deficits in pancreatic β-cell mass associated with growth restriction in adult male rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. E931-E940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhianna C. Laker ◽  
Linda A. Gallo ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek ◽  
Andrew L. Siebel ◽  
Glenn D. Wadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell

Fetal growth restriction is associated with reduced pancreatic β-cell mass, contributing to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Exercise training increases β-cell mass in animals with diabetes and has long-lasting metabolic benefits in rodents and humans. We studied the effect of exercise training on islet and β-cell morphology and plasma insulin and glucose, following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in juvenile and adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats born small. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation performed on day 18 of pregnancy resulted in Restricted offspring born small compared with sham-operated Controls and also sham-operated Reduced litter offspring that had their litter size reduced to five pups at birth. Restricted, Control, and Reduced litter offspring remained sedentary or underwent treadmill running from 5 to 9 or 20 to 24 wk of age. Early life exercise increased relative islet surface area and β-cell mass across all groups at 9 wk, partially restoring the 60–68% deficit ( P < 0.05) in Restricted offspring. Remarkably, despite no further exercise training after 9 wk, β-cell mass was restored in Restricted at 24 wk, while sedentary littermates retained a 45% deficit ( P = 0.05) in relative β-cell mass. Later exercise training also restored Restricted β-cell mass to Control levels. In conclusion, early life exercise training in rats born small restored β-cell mass in adulthood and may have beneficial consequences for later metabolic health and disease.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Challenge Dose of Other Drugs on Behavior of Adult Rats

2013 ◽  
pp. S99-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ ◽  
E. MACÚCHOVÁ ◽  
K. NOHEJLOVÁ-DEYKUN ◽  
B. SCHUTOVÁ ◽  
L. HRUBÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The aim of the present study was to compare the response to acute application of several drugs in adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to methamphetamine (MA). Spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg) or saline were tested in a Laboras apparatus (Metris B.V., Netherlands) for 1 h. Challenge dose of the examined drug [amphetamine – 5 mg/kg; cocaine – 5mg/kg; MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) – 5 mg/kg; morphine – 5 mg/kg; THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) – 2 mg/kg] or saline was injected prior to testing. Our data demonstrate that prenatal MA exposure did not affect behavior in male rats with cocaine or morphine treatment, but increased locomotion and exploration in females. Application of amphetamine and MDMA in adulthood increased activity in both sexes, while cocaine and THC only in female rats. Morphine, on the other hand, decreased the activity in the Laboras test in both sexes. As far as sex and estrous cycle is concerned, the present study shows that males were generally less active than females and also females in proestrus-estrus phase of the estrous cycle were more active than females in diestrus. In conclusion, the present study shows that the prenatal MA exposure does not induce general sensitization but affects the sensitivity to drugs dependently to mechanism of drug action and with respect to gonadal hormones.

Voluntary oral dosing for precise experimental compound delivery in adult rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110169
Author(s):  
Kyle C Chesler ◽  
Cara T Motz ◽  
Katie L Bales ◽  
Rachael A Allen ◽  
Harrison K Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Drug Studies ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Preclinical drug studies routinely administer experimental compounds to animal models with the goal of minimizing potential adverse events from the procedure. In this study, we assessed the ability to train adult male Long Evans rats to accept daily voluntarily syringe feedings of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) compared to intraperitoneal (IP) injections. Rats were trained to become familiar with the syringe and then fed a training solution that did not contain the experimental compound. If the rat was compliant during the training phase, the dilution of training solution was continuously decreased and replaced with the experimental solution. Voluntary oral dosing compliance was recorded and quantified throughout the study. To assess drug activity within the drug-targeted tissues, the striatum and retina were collected and analyzed for L-DOPA, dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Drug delivery efficiency by oral dosing was directly compared to IP injection by collecting plasma and analyzing L-DOPA levels with HPLC. Adult male rats had high compliance for voluntary oral dosing. HPLC showed that oral administration of the compound at the same dose as IP injection yielded significantly lower plasma levels, and that higher oral L-DOPA doses yield higher plasma L-DOPA content. This study describes detailed methodology to train adult rats to syringe feed experimental compounds and provides important preclinical research on drug dosing and drug delivery to the striatum and retina.

Reproductive toxicity and tissue concentrations of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) in male adult rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Faqi ◽  
P R Dalsenter ◽  
W Mathar ◽  
B Heinrich-Hirsch ◽  
I Chahoud
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Investigation Period

1 The aim of this study was to ascertain the reproductive effects of PCB 77 on adult male rats and to determine its concentration in the liver and testis. Adult male rats (n=15/group) were treated subcutaneously with a singledoseof18 mg/kgbw(PC18)orwith60 mg/kg bw (PC60). The substance was dissolved in a 10 ml volume of peanut oil/kg. Control rats received the same volume of the vehicle. The reproductive effects as well as the concentration of PCB 77 in the liver and testis were investigated 1, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. 2 In both groups, the daily sperm production (DSP; 6106) remained permanently reduced in the PC18 as well as in the PC60 groups throughout the entire investigation period (DSP week 8: control: 31+7; PC18: 22+5; PC60: 20+7). The sperm number (6106) per cauda epididymis was affected only at the 1st and 4th week after treatment (control week 1: 211+67; PC18 week 1: 135+62; PC60 week 1: 142+49). Moreover, a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm was observed 4 weeks following treatment in the PC18 and PC60 groups and 8 weeks after treatment in the PC60 group. Abnormal tails were the most frequent changes observed. 3 The relative testicular and prostata weights (g) were slightly increased in the PC60 group at the 1st and 4th week following treatment (testis weight: control/I: 0.46+0.02; PC60/I: 0.51+0.03). 4 The serum testosterone concentrations and effects on testis morphology were not reported. 5 The maximum concentration of PCB 77 was detected in the liver and testis 1 week after treatment. The concentration declined 4 weeks after treatment in both organs, but still a significant amount of PCB 77 was detectable in the liver as well as in the testis 8 weeks after treatment. 6 The results demonstrate that PCB 77 affects sperm variables when applied to adult rats and that the elimination of PCB 77 in the testis parallels that of the liver.

scholarly journals Rapamycin Alleviates Cancellous Bone Loss and Cortical Bone Porosity in Ovariectomized Mice but Not Overall Biomechanical Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyao Li ◽  
Junhao Liu ◽  
Zhiping Huang ◽  
Xiuhua Wu ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Vascular Canal

Abstract Background: Recent studies have shown that rapamycin (Rapa) rescues cancellous bone loss of osteoporosis models, but its effects on cortical bone and the biomechanical properties remain uncertain. This study was aimed to determine whether rapamycin improve the quality of long bones in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis.Methods: Thirty female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into Sham, OVX and OVX+Rapa group. Mice in the OVX+Rapa group were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5 mg/kg rapamycin daily after ovariectomy. After 12 weeks, the microstructures of femurs and the vascular canal porosity tibiae were analyzed by micro-CT. The compressive stiffness of the distal femurs was calculated with the micro-finite element method, and the bending strength of the tibiae was evaluated with a three-point bending test. Western blot of LC3, P62 was used to assess autophagy activity of bone. The number of osteoclasts was quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. ELISA detected the concentration of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in serum.Results: OVX led to a decrease in cross-sectional areas of the mid-diaphyses and distal femoral cortical bones, increasing the cortical bone vascular canal porosity from 1.42% to 4.79%. The rapamycin reduced cancellous bone loss and decreased cortical bone vascular canal porosity by 3.9%, but further reduced the thickness of the distal femoral cortical bone by 16.7%, with no significant effect on the cortical bone in the mid-diaphyses. Compared to the Sham group, OVX mice showed a decrease in distal femoral stiffness to 6497 N/mm and a decrease in tibial maximum load to 6.08 N, while rapamycin intervention did not significantly improve the decreased biomechanical properties. Moreover, rapamycin remarkably reduced the TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the concentration of serum BALP by 80.6% and 30.8%, respectively. Autophagy was activated in the OVX group compared with the sham group.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that rapamycin ameliorates cancellous bone loss and cortical bone porosity in ovariectomized mice but partly reduces the size of cortical bone, while has no effect on improving the biomechanical performance. Additionally, the present study also proved that OVX led to both cancellous and cortical bone loss, with attenuated biomechanical properties of long bones.

scholarly journals Effect of tamsulosin on testis histopathology and serum hormones in adult rats: Experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yegane Kohestani ◽  
Bentolhoda Kohestani ◽  
Zahra Shirmohamadi ◽  
Masoumeh Faghani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Serum Hormones ◽  
Alpha Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Testicular Weight

Background: Tamsulosin is an inhibitory factor of alpha-adrenergic receptors that is used for relieving of the clinical symptoms and management of acute urinary retention. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tamsulosin on the endocrine axis and testicular tissue in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 gr) were divided into three groups: 1) control (received distilled water), 2) experimental 1 (received 0.2 mg/kg/day tamsulosin) and 3) experimental 2 (received 0.4 mg/kg/day tamsulosin) through oral gavage for 28 days. Serum hormones level and testicular histopathology were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results: In this study, the testicular weight decreased significantly in the experimental groups compared to the control group. A significant decrease was seen in testicular weight (p = 0.004) and the number of Leydig cells in tamsulosin-treated groups (p = 0.012). Tamsulosin improved the hormone profile in experimental groups. Also, higher dose of tamsulosin significantly changed the number of Leydig, spermatogonia cells, the thickness of germinal layer, and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: Results showed that using tamsulosin, possibly reduces the testosterone concentration through adrenergic axis system and in turn has destructive effects on proliferative activity of germ cells. Key words: Tamsulosin, Seminiferous tubules, Histopathology, Rat, Testis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document